scholarly journals Peripheral Hypoarousal but Not Preparation-Vigilance Impairment Endures in ADHD Remission

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 1944-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah-Naomi James ◽  
Celeste H. M. Cheung ◽  
Anna-Sophie Rommel ◽  
Gráinne McLoughlin ◽  
Daniel Brandeis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Contingent Negative Variation ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
P3 Amplitude ◽  
Impaired Attention ◽  
Conductance Level

Objective: This study investigates whether impairments associated with persistent ADHD—impaired attention allocation (P3 amplitude), peripheral hypoarousal (skin conductance level [SCL]), and adjustment in preparatory state (contingent negative variation [CNV])—reflect enduring deficits unrelated to ADHD outcome or are markers of ADHD remission. Method: Young people with childhood ADHD (73 persisters and 18 remitters) and 144 controls were compared on neurophysiological measures during two conditions (baseline and fast-incentive) of a four-choice reaction time task. Results: ADHD remitters differed from persisters, and were indistinguishable from controls, on baseline P3 amplitude and fast-incentive CNV amplitude ( p ≤ .05). ADHD remitters differed from controls ( p ≤ .01), and were indistinguishable from persisters ( p > .05), on baseline SCL. Conclusion: Preparation-vigilance measures were markers of ADHD remission, confirming previous findings with other measures. Yet, SCL-measured peripheral hypoarousal emerges as an enduring deficit unrelated to ADHD improvement. Future studies should explore potential compensatory mechanisms that enable efficient preparation-vigilance processes in ADHD remitters.

Synthesis of the contingent negative variation brain potential from noncontingent stimulus and motor elements

Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 208 (4448) ◽  
pp. 1165-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Rohrbaugh ◽  
K Syndulko ◽  
TF Sanquist ◽  
DB Lindsley
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Contingent Negative Variation ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Brain Potential ◽  
Motor Processes ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Motor Movements

Slow shifts in brain potential (commonly called the contingent negative variation), obtained during a warned reaction-time task with a foreperiod of 1 second, were compared with waveforms synthesized by the addition of separately obtained potentials associated with individual (nonpaired) sensory stimuli and self-initiated motor movements. The synthesized waveforms match closely the actual contingent negative variation, suggesting that it is constituted largely of separate, noncontingent elements related to sensory and motor processes.

scholarly journals Prospecting the use of reaction times, response force and partial response force to estimate consumers’ willingness-to-pay.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Dezwaef ◽  
Wouter Dossche ◽  
Emiel Cracco ◽  
Jelle Demanet ◽  
Timothy Desmet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Dependent Variables

The present study employed an explicit reaction time task but measured several underlying cognitive processes in an attempt to provide implicit estimates of consumers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP). Participants were asked to evaluate product-price combinations as cheap or expensive. The prices of the products ranged from very cheap to very expensive. Crucially, participants had to complete the task under time pressure while the dependent variables of interest could not be influenced deliberately. This is because we explored whether the magnitude of the price stimulus interfered with the reaction times (RTs), response force (RF) and partial responses (PRs). The results of our study demonstrated that both RTs and RF are influenced by the magnitude of the price and it is postulated that these dependent measures indeed have the potential to investigate consumers’ WTP. Future studies need to further investigate the possibilities of these implicit variables and validate eventual estimates.

Effects on Contingent Negative Variation of Set Created by Anticipating Variable Foreperiods

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1163-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiho Hiraku ◽  
Haruo Sakuma
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Contingent Negative Variation ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Instruction Condition ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Early Late

The influence of set on a simple reaction time task was examined by comparing the differences of psychological factors between a group of subjects who expected and experienced a fixed foreperiod (Control condition: 12 subjects) and another group of subjects who were instructed to expect variable foreperiods but experienced the same fixed foreperiod (Instruction condition: 11 subjects), using the index of contingent negative variation (CNV). The foreperiod of simple reaction time cask in each condition was fixed at 3 sec. Subjects were required to respond to 2 blocks of 24 trials, and each instruction was presented between blocks. On the second block CNV amplitudes were higher in the instruction condition as was every CNV component (early, late, and whole components). The set created by anticipating variable foreperiods seems to increase cerebral activity, arousal, and attention during simple reaction time tasks.

Phasic alertness in a cued double-choice reaction time task: A Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) study

2014 ◽  
Vol 581 ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Pauletti ◽  
Daniela Mannarelli ◽  
Antonello Grippo ◽  
Antonio Currà ◽  
Nicoletta Locuratolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Contingent Negative Variation ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Choice Reaction Time Task ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Phasic Alertness

Effects of Provocation on Emotions and Aggression: An Experimental Study with Aggressive Children

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Stadler ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann ◽  
Sibylle Steuber ◽  
Fritz Poustka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Competitive Reaction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Conduct Disordered ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Aggressive Children ◽  
Conductance Level

In this study, the effects of an experimental-induced provocation on emotions and aggression were examined in 34 aggressive conduct-disordered children using a competitive reaction time paradigm. Two experimental conditions were created, an increasing provocation and a low constant provocation condition. Self-rated anger was assessed directly after provocation on a 5-point-visual scale. In addition, negative and positive emotions as well as physiological measures (heart rate and skin conductance level) were measured at baseline and after provocation. Results revealed that participants’ aggressive behaviour and subjective emotions differed as a function of the opponent’s level of provocation. Concerning physiological parameters, no significant differences were found between the experimental conditions. These results suggest that affective, but not physiological variables characterize reactive aggression in conduct-disordered children.

Modeling Within-Person Variance in Reaction Time Data of Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rast ◽  
Daniel Zimprich
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Time Task ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Wave

In order to model within-person (WP) variance in a reaction time task, we applied a mixed location scale model using 335 participants from the second wave of the Zurich Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging. The age of the respondents and the performance in another reaction time task were used to explain individual differences in the WP variance. To account for larger variances due to slower reaction times, we also used the average of the predicted individual reaction time (RT) as a predictor for the WP variability. Here, the WP variability was a function of the mean. At the same time, older participants were more variable and those with better performance in another RT task were more consistent in their responses.

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