A Bioecological Theory of Sexual Harassment of Girls: Research Synthesis and Proposed Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christia Spears Brown ◽  
Sharla D. Biefeld ◽  
Nan Elpers
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
College Women ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Bioecological Theory ◽  
The Many

In the United States, many adolescent girls experience sexual harassment before they leave high school, and between 20% and 25% of college women are survivors of sexual assault. Despite the many negative consequences associated with these experiences, perpetrating sexual harassment and assault is often viewed as normative. Using Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theoretical framework, we propose a bioecological theory of the perpetration and tolerance of sexual harassment of girls. We propose children’s proximal and distal contexts contribute to the endorsement of sexualized gender stereotypes, which in turn impacts high rates of both perpetration and acceptance of sexual harassment. We discuss the ways that three important microsystems—parents, peers, and schools—contribute to this acceptance. We also propose that key components of media within the exosystem work to further normalize sexual harassment of girls and women. These contexts inform children’s development, creating a culture that is permissive of sexual harassment, resulting in high rates of sexual harassment and assault in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Implications of our proposed theory for policymakers, teachers, parents, and researchers are discussed.

Engage, Ignore, Stand Up: Exploring How (and Why) Early Adolescents Respond to Sexual Harassment

2020 ◽  
pp. 074355842093322
Author(s):  
Ilyssa Salomon ◽  
Christia Spears Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Sexual Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cultural Scripts ◽  
Quantitative Content

Sexual harassment is a common experience among middle and high school students across the United States. Being the target of and even witnessing sexual harassment is associated with a number of negative consequences for adolescents. This study sought to explore early adolescent boys’ and girls’ reasoning about (a) perpetrating sexual harassment (i.e., making comments about another student’s body), (b) confronting sexual harassment when they are the target, and (c) confronting sexual harassment when they are the bystander or witness. Participants were 142 seventh-grade students (46 boys, 96 girls) ranging from 11 to 14 years old ( Mage = 12.44 years, SDage = .61). Utilizing a quantitative content analysis, this study analyzed themes that emerged from adolescents’ open-ended responses to questions about sexual harassment and their perception of the consequences. The results suggest that adolescents’ reasoning about sexual harassment is complex, reflecting morality concerns, social pressures, and challenges with interpreting sexual interest within a context of sexually objectifying cultural scripts.

scholarly journals POLAND’S MEMBERSHIP IN THE MONETARY UNION IN LIGHT OF SELECTED LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF THE CRISIS IN THE EURO AREA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Tomasz Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Euro Area ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Financial Speculation ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Liberal Approach ◽  
The Many

The principal research goal of this paper is to indicate and characterise the legal and institutional instruments that have been implemented in order to mitigate the consequences of the crisis. The main cause of the crisis in the euro area was the all too liberal approach to financial speculation coupled with a loss of control over financial markets on the part of the authorities of particular Member States. The crisis that had initially engulfed the United States spread relatively quickly across Western Europe, affecting the Members States of the EU. The crisis was felt most deeply in countries such as Portugal, Spain, Ireland, Italy, and Greece, whereas the many negative consequences of the excessive debt incurred by these countries affected the entire EU. The hitherto applied fiscal and legal means of counteracting the consequences of the crisis, although appropriate, have failed to yield the anticipated results, leading to mounting political tension between the major contributors amongst EU Member States.

Resisting the Enforcement of Sexual Harassment Law

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine E. Tinkler
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Compliance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexual Harassment Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sexual Harassment Policy ◽  
Harassment Policy

Most people in the United States believe that sexual harassment should be illegal and that enforcement is necessary. In spite of such widespread support for antiharassment regulations, sexual harassment policy training provokes backlash and has been shown to activate traditional gender stereotypes. Using in-depth interviews and participant observations of sexual harassment policy training sessions, this study uncovers the micro-level mechanisms that underlie ambivalence about the enforcement of sexual harassment law. I find that while the different locations of men and women in the status hierarchy lead to different manifestations of resistance, gender stereotypes are used to buttress perceptions that sexual harassment laws threaten norms of interaction and status positions that men and women have an interest in maintaining. The research has implications for understanding the role of law in social change, legal compliance, and the potential/limits of law for reducing inequality.

Sexual harassment and psychological adjustment in adolescent girls

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Viejo ◽  
V. Sanchez ◽  
J. Ortega-Rivera ◽  
R. Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Adolescent Girls

Sexual harassment and psychological adjustment in adolescent girls

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sanchez ◽  
C. Viejo ◽  
J. Ortega-Rivera ◽  
R. Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Adolescent Girls

Applying the Devil's Works in a Holy Cause: Working-Class Popular Culture and the Salvation Army in the United States, 1879-1900

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-223
Author(s):  
Lillian Taiz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Salvation Army ◽  
Public Meeting ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sunday Evening

Forty-eight hours after they landed in New York City in 1880, a small contingent of the Salvation Army held their first public meeting at the infamous Harry Hill's Variety Theater. The enterprising Hill, alerted to the group's arrival from Britain by newspaper reports, contacted their leader, Commissioner George Scott Railton, and offered to pay the group to “do a turn” for “an hour or two on … Sunday evening.” In nineteenth-century New York City, Harry Hill's was one of the best known concert saloons, and reformers considered him “among the disreputable classes” of that city. His saloon, they said, was “nothing more than one of the many gates to hell.”

How Girls Generation Use Erotic Capital?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Women's Studies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Feminist Scholarship ◽  
Musical Performances ◽  
Women’S Studies ◽  
Workplace Romance ◽  
Erotic Capital

We didn’t work like common women's studies work on sexuality that generally focuses on sexual harassment or workplace romance to the exclusion of strategic forms of erotic capital. However, we consider women’s strategic sexual performances as a form of social influence and address the positive and negative consequences that may follow. This review highlights the occurrence and complexities of erotic capital in Girls Generation’s musical performances and modelling career, then discusses the important implications of use their erotic capital (i.e. face and leg) to influence others or gain desired ends. In so doing, the findings highlight a need for rethinking traditional conceptualizations of empowerment and initiates a new direction for feminist scholarship in this regard.

OZA KIOZA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Women's Studies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Feminist Scholarship ◽  
Women’S Studies ◽  
Workplace Romance ◽  
Erotic Capital

The work of women's studies on sexuality generally focuses on sexual harassment or workplace romance to the exclusion of strategic forms of erotic capital. We consider women’s strategic sexual performances as a form of social influence and address the positive and negative consequences that may follow. We provides narrative biography of Oza Kioza as a singer. Then, this review highlights the occurrence and complexities of erotic capital in Oza Kioza's career and discusses the important implications of use her erotic capital (i.e. breast) to influence others or gain desired ends. In so doing, the findings highlight a need for rethinking traditional conceptualizations of empowerment whereby resistance equals empowering and reproduction equals disempowering, and initiates a new direction for feminist scholarship in this regard.

Princess Lexie: A Glance Journey of A Princess for Our Time

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Women's Studies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Feminist Scholarship ◽  
Women’S Studies ◽  
Workplace Romance ◽  
Erotic Capital

Women's studies work on sexuality generally focuses on sexual harassment or workplace romance to the exclusion of strategic forms of erotic capital. I consider women’s strategic sexual performances as a form of social influence and address the positive and negative consequences that may follow. This thesis highlights the occurrence and complexities of erotic capital in Princess Lexie video performances nor discusses the important implications of use her erotic capital (i.e. breast and ass) to influence others or gain desired ends. In so doing, the findings highlight a need for rethinking traditional conceptualizations of empowerment whereby resistance equals empowering and reproduction equals disempowering, and initiates a new direction for feminist scholarship in this regard. This thesis dedicating to Princess Lexie, as my intellectual tribute for the adorably cute dangerously manipulative female.

People and Climate Change

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Community Inclusion ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Political Challenge

Climate change is a profoundly social and political challenge with many social justice concerns around every corner. A global issue, climate change threatens the well-being, livelihood, and survival of people in communities worldwide. Often, those who have contributed least to climate change are the most likely to suffer from its negative consequences and are often excluded from the policy discussions and decisions that affect their lives. This book pays particular attention to the social dimensions of climate change. It examines closely people’s lived experience, climate-related injustice and inequity, why some groups are more vulnerable than others, and what can be done about it—especially through greater community inclusion in policy change. A highlight of the book is its diversity of rich, community-based examples from throughout the Global South and North. Sacrificial flood zones in urban Argentina, forced relocation of United Houma tribal members in the United States, and gendered water insecurities in Bangladesh and Australia are just some of the in-depth cases included in the book. Throughout, the book asks social and political questions about climate change. Of key importance, it asks what can be done about the unequal consequences of climate change by questioning and transforming social institutions and arrangements—guided by values that prioritize the experience of affected groups and the inclusion of diverse voices and communities in the policy process.

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