Acute Oral and Inhalation Toxicities in Rats With Cadmium Telluride

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Zayed ◽  
Suzanne Philippe
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Telluride ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Toxicological Profile ◽  
The Us

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin film photovoltaic has become one of the leading technologies in the solar renewable energy market. Little is known about CdTe’s toxicological profile and regulatory agencies usually apply cadmium (Cd) criteria as a best approximation. However, CdTe may have different toxicological properties. The goal of this study is to determine the median lethal concentration/dose of CdTe and to compare these values with those of Cd. Using a rat model, the method followed conforms to that described in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines and in the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Health Effects Test Guidelines. The median lethal concentration of CdTe was established at 2.71 mg/L, showing a very low variability between genders. The median lethal dose was determined to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. These results clearly show that CdTe is less toxic than Cd.

scholarly journals Regulations Matter: Epistemic Monopoly, Domination, Patents, and the Public Interest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Meghani
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Unbiased Manner ◽  
Technological Products

AbstractThis paper argues that regulatory agencies have a responsibility to further the public interest when they determine the conditions under which new technological products may be commercialized. As a case study, this paper analyzes the US 9th Circuit Court’s ruling on the efforts of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate an herbicide meant for use with seed that are genetically modified to be tolerant of the chemical. Using that case, it is argued that when regulatory agencies evaluate new technological products, they have an obligation to draw on data, analyses, and evaluations from a variety of credible epistemic sources, and not rely solely or even primarily on the technology developer. Otherwise, they create conditions for their own domination and that of the polity by the technology developer. Moreover, in the interest of advancing the public interest, regulatory agencies must evaluate new technologies in a substantively and procedurally unbiased manner.

scholarly journals Benefits of Electrified Powertrains in Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ram Vijayagopal ◽  
Aymeric Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Fuel Saving ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Design Choice ◽  
The Us ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

The benefits of electrified powertrains for light-duty vehicles are well understood, however sufficient published information is not available on the benefits of advanced powertrains on the various types of medium and heavy duty vehicles. Quantifying the benefits of powertrain electrification will help fleet operators understand the advantages or limitations in adopting electrified powertrains in their truck fleets. Trucks vary in size and shape, as they are designed for specific applications. It is necessary to model each kind of truck separately to understand what kind of powertrain architecture will be feasible for their daily operations. This paper examines 11 types of vehicles and 5 powertrain technology choices to quantify the fuel saving potential of each design choice. This study uses the regulatory cycles proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for measuring fuel consumption.

scholarly journals Research on the Construction Method of the Service-Oriented Web-SWMM System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Xiao ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Yuchen Lu ◽  
Songshan Yue ◽  
Tao Hou
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
The Us ◽  
Service Oriented

On a global scale, with the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous expansion of cities, the problem of urban flooding has become increasingly prominent. An increasing number of experts and scholars have begun to focus on this phenomenon and build corresponding models to solve the problem. The storm water management model 5 (SWMM5) is a dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation model developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); this model simulates urban flooding and drainage well and is widely favored by researchers. However, the use of SWMM5 is relatively cumbersome and limited by the operational platform, and these factors hinder the further promotion and sharing of SWMM5. Based on the OpenGMS platform, this study first encapsulates, deploys, and publishes SWMM5 and further builds the Web-SWMM system for the model. With Web-SWMM, the user can conveniently use network data resources online and call SWMM5 to carry out calculations, avoiding the difficulties caused by the localized use of SWMM5 and enabling the sharing and reuse of SWMM5.

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