Measuring Tobacco Smoke Exposure Among Smoking and Nonsmoking Bar and Restaurant Workers

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chizimuzo T. C. Okoli ◽  
Lynne A. Hall ◽  
Mary Kay Rayens ◽  
Ellen J. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Shs Exposure

Purpose: This study assesses the validity of hair nicotine as a biomarker for secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Although most biomarkers of tobacco-smoke exposure have a relatively short half-life, hair nicotine can measure several months of cumulative SHS exposure. Design: A cross-sectional study of hospitality-industry workers. Method: Hair samples were obtained from 207 bar and restaurant workers and analyzed by the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) method. Self-reported tobacco use and sources of SHS exposure were assessed. Findings: Higher hair-nicotine levels were associated with more cigarettes smoked per day among smokers and a greater number of SHS-exposure sources among nonsmokers. Number of SHS exposure sources, gender, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and type of establishment predicted hair-nicotine levels. Discussion: Hair nicotine is a valid measure of SHS exposure. It may be used as an alternative biomarker to measure longer term SHS exposure.

scholarly journals Questionnaire-Based Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Hair Nicotine Levels in 6-month-old Infants: A Validation Study in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2096928
Author(s):  
Siti Rahayu Nadhiroh ◽  
Kusharisupeni Djokosujono ◽  
Diah Mulyawati Utari ◽  
Armedy Ronny Hasugian
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Hair Samples

Objectives. Using hair nicotine as the gold standard, this study aimed to establish cutoff points and validate the questionnaire-based environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and ETS statuses of Indonesian infants. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was conducted among families who were participants of the Peer Health Cohort Study in Jakarta, Indonesia. Households with 6-month-old infants joined this study. The presence and amount of ETS exposure were assessed by both questionnaire and hair sampling for nicotine determination. Head hair samples were collected from 102 infants and measured by optimized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Infants were grouped as ETS-exposed if they lived with at least 1 smoker at home. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to assess the sensitivity and specificity of cutoff values of hair nicotine. Results. There were 78 (76.5%) infants exposed to ETS based on the questionnaire. The nicotine concentrations in hair were significantly higher in infants with ETS exposure than in those without ETS exposure ( P < .001). The area under the curve for nicotine was 0.774. A hair nicotine cutoff value of 2.37 ng/mg, with a sensitivity of 67.95% and specificity of 83.33%, was identified as the optimal cutoff value for separating exposed from non-exposed to ETS in infants. Conclusion. The hair nicotine value of infants aged 6 months is useful in confirming the questionnaire on smoking in the household and exposure to ETS. Moreover, it also could be used to distinguish ETS-exposed from non-ETS-exposed infants.

scholarly journals Cotinine and interferon-gamma levels in pre-school children exposed to household tobacco smoke

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Lina Kalalo ◽  
Diana Takumansang-Sondakh ◽  
Audrey Wahani
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Serum Cotinine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ifn Γ

Background Environmental tobacco smoke has been consistently linked to negative health outcomes, especially in children, including an increased susceptibility to infections. Cigarette smoking has a depressive effect on interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Serum cotinine is a marker of exposure to smoke.Objective To determine the association between serum cotinine and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels in children with household tobacco smoke exposure.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Tumumpa and Singkil Districts of Manado, Indonesia, from February to May 2012. Subjects were collected by consecutively sampling of healthy children aged 1-3 years who came to the integrated health posts. Seventy-four children were recruited and consisted of two groups of 37 subjects each, the tobacco smoke exposure group and the non-tobacco smoke exposure group. Blood specimens were collected from all subjects for laboratory blood tests of cotinine and IFN-γ levels. Results were analyzed by T-test and Pearson’s correlation analysis with a P<0.05 is considered as statistically significant.Results There was no significant correlation between serum cotinine and interferon-γ levels in the tobacco smoke exposure group. However, the interferon-γ level in the tobacco smoke exposure group was significantly lower than that of the non-tobacco smoke exposure group (P<0.0001).Conclusion Cotinine is not related to the interferon-γ level in children exposed to tobacco smoke, however, the interferon-γ level in children with tobacco smoke exposure is lower than in the non-tobacco smoke exposure group.

scholarly journals Low birthweight of children is positively associated with mother’s prenatal tobacco smoke exposure in Shanghai: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiping Wang ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
Qiong Yang ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction Low birthweight (LBW) is a significant public health issue, and maternal smoking is the most prevalent preventable cause of LBW. But there is limited evidence on association of LBW among children and cigarette smoke exposure in mothers in China. In this cross-sectional study, we try to explore if the LBW in children is positively associated with mothers’ prenatal cigarette smoke exposure. Methods We selected 8, 586 mothers and their singleton children in 2018 in Songjiang district, Shanghai. Birthweight of children and gestational weeks of mother was identified by birth records in the hospital, we classified mothers’ prenatal cigarette smoke status into the first-hand smoke (FHS) exposure and the second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure. We use SAS 9.1.3 software to calculate the prevalence of children’s LBW and the prevalence of mothers’ prenatal cigarette smoke exposure including FHS and SHS. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the difference. Results In 8, 586 women, The prenatal FHS and SHS exposure prevalence was 0.9 and 20.8%, respectively. The mean birthweight of children was 3315.5 g with a standard deviation of 497.2 g, the mean birthweight was 167.7 g and 66.1 g lower in children born to mothers with prenatally FHS and SHS exposure compared with those children whose mother were not exposed, respectively. The children’s LBW prevalence was 4.7% in this study. By comparing with children whose mother were not exposed, the LBW prevalence was higher among children whose mother were prenatally exposed to FHS [OR (Odds Ratios) = 2.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.49, 5.68)], and SHS [OR = 2.35, 95% CI (1.90, 2.89)]. Conclusions Children’s LBW is positively associated with mothers’ prenatal tobacco smoke exposure both for FHS and SHS. So implementing tobacco control measures is crucial to lower smoking prevalence among women, and decrease smoking prevalence of their family members as well as work fellows.

scholarly journals Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Urinary Cadmium in Women from Northern Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12581
Author(s):  
Ángel Mérida-Ortega ◽  
Lizbeth López-Carrillo ◽  
Karla Rangel-Moreno ◽  
Natalia Ramirez ◽  
Stephen J. Rothenberg
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Cadmium (Cd), a carcinogenic metal also related to reproductive and cardiovascular diseases, is contained in tobacco and elevated concentrations of it in humans have been consistently associated with first-hand tobacco smoke; however, there is scarce and inconclusive evidence of the relationship between Cd and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Our aim was to evaluate the association between exposure to tobacco, both active and SHS, with urinary Cd concentrations in Mexican women. In a cross-sectional analysis that included 998 women living in northern Mexico, we measured the concentration of creatinine-adjusted urinary Cd (µg-cadmium/g-creatinine) using inductively coupled plasma triple quadrupole (ICP-QQQ) in tandem mass spectrometry mode (MS/MS). We gathered tobacco smoking information through an in-person interview and formed seven groups: non-smokers without SHS exposure; non-smokers with SHS exposure; ex-smokers without SHS exposure <1 year of quitting; ex-smokers without SHS exposure ≥1 year of quitting, ex-smokers with SHS exposure <1 year of quitting; ex-smokers with SHS exposure ≥1 year of quitting and current smokers. The interview also yielded sociodemographic characteristics. We used linear multivariable regression models to estimate the association between Cd concentrations and tobacco smoke exposure. Compared to non-smokers without SHS exposure, we found higher Cd concentrations in ex-smokers with SHS exposure <1 year of quitting and current smokers (adjusted geometric means 0.51 vs. 1.01 and 0.69 µg-cadmium/g-creatinine, respectively). Our results do not support a conclusion that SHS exposure is a source of Cd body burden.

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