Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in young β-thalassemia patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-607
Author(s):  
Elif Güler Kazancı ◽  
Muhammet Furkan Korkmaz ◽  
Mehmet Erol Can
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate retinal vascular parameters by optical coherence tomography angiography in β-thalassemia major patients. Methods: Thirty-three patients with β-thalassemia major (study group) and 29 healthy children (control group) were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent a complete ocular examination. The mean foveal avascular zone, non-flow area, foveal avascular zone perimeter, acircularity index of foveal avascular zone, foveal density, the superficial capillary plexus, and deep capillary plexus were scanned using 6 × 6 mm optical coherence tomography angiography scans centered on the macula. Superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were also scanned centered on the optic disk. We collected data on histories of patients, and hemoglobin and ferritin were also studied from both groups. Results: The mean age was 13.85 ± 4.69 years (range: 4–21 years) in β-thalassemia major group and 12.59 ± 3.66 years (range: 6–18 years) in the control group. The mean foveal avascular zone value was 0.265 ± 0.11 mm2 in the study group and 0.296 ± 0.12 mm2 in the control group. The mean non-flow area value was 0.468 ± 0.12 mm2 in the study group and 0.479 ± 0.14 mm2 in the control group ( p > 0.05). Differences in the mean values for foveal density and acircularity index were statistically significant between the study group and control group ( p < 0.05, p = 0.026, and p = 0.026, respectively). Superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were not a significant difference between the study and control groups in 6 × 6 mm scans on macula and 4.5 × 4.5 mm scans on optic disk area ( p > 0.05). Acircularity index was negatively correlated ( r = −0.292, p = 0.026), and foveal density was positively correlated with hemoglobin ( r = 0.292, p = 0.026). Conclusion: By using optical coherence tomography angiography, we detected foveal microvascular changes in young β-thalassemia patients before significant ocular anomalies development.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1418-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Furino ◽  
Grazia Montrone ◽  
Maria Vittoria Cicinelli ◽  
Stefania Balestra ◽  
Maria Oliva Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: To investigate a subset of diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy with optical coherence tomography angiography, assessing the differences in macular perfusion between diseased eyes and healthy controls. Methods: Monocentric cross-sectional study, including 86 eyes from 43 diabetic patients with no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy and 78 eyes from 39 controls. Patients underwent 3.0 × 3.0 mm and 4.5 × 4.5 mm swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Vessel density (%), foveal avascular zone area (mm2), and avascular density (%) were provided for the superficial capillary plexus and the deep capillary plexus. Results: The foveal avascular zone area at the superficial capillary plexus was larger in the study group compared to controls, irrespective of the area of the slab considered. A meaningful difference was found in the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus of the 3.0 × 3.0 mm slab (p = 0.03). Almost all the variables considered in the study showed a significant within-subject effect. Age significantly correlated with vessel density of superficial capillary plexus on 4.5 × 4.5 mm in both control and diabetic eyes. Conclusion: Diabetic patients with subclinical diabetic retinopathy feature a larger foveal avascular zone at the superficial capillary plexus compared with controls, as well as relative reduction of the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus. These findings might serve as the basis for screening between normal and diabetic subjects.

Foveal avascular zone in oculocutaneous albinism

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e240208
Author(s):  
Hana A Mansour ◽  
Sami Uwaydat ◽  
Muhamad H Yunis ◽  
Ahmad M Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Oculocutaneous Albinism ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Foveal Hypoplasia

Optical coherence tomography angiography imaging in two patients with oculocutaneous albinism, one with severe nystagmus, showed persistence of both the superficial and the deep retinal capillary plexus adding another vascular feature to the foveal hypoplasia.

scholarly journals Comparison of Superficial and Deep Foveal Avascular Zone Area in Healthy Subjects Using Two Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Devices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasha Anvari ◽  
Amin Najafi ◽  
Reza Mirshahi ◽  
Mahsa Sardarinia ◽  
Maryam Ashrafkhorasani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To compare the area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in the superficial and deep retinal layers using two different spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) devices. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted to obtain macular OCTA images from healthy subjects using Optovue RTVue XR Avanti (Optovue, Inc, Fremont, CA) and Spectralis HRA+OCTA (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). Two independent trained graders measured the FAZ area using automated slab segmentation. The FAZ area in the superficial and deep retinal layers were compared. Results: Twenty-three eyes of 23 subjects were included. The graders agreement was excellent (>0.86) for all measurements. The mean FAZ area was significantly larger at the superficial retinal layer as compared to the deep retinal layer on both devices (0.31 ± 0.08 mm2 vs 0.26 ± 0.08 mm2 in Optovue and 0.55 ± 0.16 mm2 vs 0.36 ± 0.13 mm2 in Spectralis, both P < 0.001). The mean FAZ area was significantly greater in the superficial and deep retinal layers using Spectralis as compared to Optovue measurements (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Conclusion: In contrast to previous reports, the FAZ area was larger in the superficial retina as compared to deep retinal layers using updated software versions. Measurements from different devices cannot be used interchangeably.

scholarly journals Assessment of the microvasculature in poppers maculopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hamann ◽  
M. R. J. Wiest ◽  
M. Brinkmann ◽  
M. Toro ◽  
K. Fasler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Vascular Plexus ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Lesion Type ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Purpose To investigate a possible microvascular component of poppers maculopathy (PMP) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods Twelve patients suffering from poppers maculopathy were included. Health records, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCTA data was gathered and compared to a healthy control group (HC). PMP lesion type was determined by manifestation in OCT. OCTA-based evaluation of retinal vascular plexus and choriocapillaris (CC) was executed. Vessel density (VD) and vessel length density (VLD) in superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP, DCP), as well as flow deficits (FD), within the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in CC were assessed. Results Median age of PMP patients was 40 (min 24; max 64) years, all male. Eleven patients presented with ellipsoid zone-type lesions; one patient showed a vitelliform-type lesion. No qualitative microvascular changes between PMP patients and HC were identified. Quantitative values for VD and VLD of SCP and DCP did not differ in between the two groups. The analysis of FDs in CC showed no deviation from PMP patients to HC. Conclusions No vascular anomalies in qualitative and quantitative analysis in OCTA were detected in PMP patients. The constitution of the CC within FAZ of PMP patients does not differ from HC when assessed as FD.

scholarly journals Macular Structure and Microvasculature Changes in AIDS-Related Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui-Fang Du ◽  
Xiao-Jie Huang ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
Wen-Jun Kong ◽  
Lian-Yong Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone

Background: Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) is a crucial blind-causing disease of AIDS-related ocular opportunistic infection. The CMVR lesions produced retinal necrosis. It is not entirely clear whether CMVR eyes without macular-involved necrotic lesions may have subtle macular damage. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional study using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to evaluate macular microvasculature and structure in eyes with AIDS-related CMVR.Methods: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related CMVR patients (active and inactive CMVR) and healthy controls treated in the Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University between August 25, 2019, and October 18, 2019, were recruited. All OCTA parameters, including the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), retinal vessel density (VD), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), retinal thickness, and choroidal thickness, were compared between groups after the signal strength was corrected.Results: Signal strength in the 3 × 3 and 6 × 6 mm scan patterns was significantly weaker in the inactive CMVR group than in the control group (both p &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for signal strength, heterogeneity in the central fovea and parafoveal quadrants was present with a shift toward lower macular chorioretinal vasculature, decreased full choroidal thickness, and thicker retinal thickness in the active and inactive CMVR groups. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) were significantly thicker in the active and inactive CMVR groups than in the control group (all p &lt; 0.05). For photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelium (PR-RPE) thickness, no significant differences were found in any quadrant between groups. Foveal avascular zone areas were not significantly different among the three groups (p = 0.053).Conclusions: Subtle macular structure and microvasculature damage still existed in CMVR eyes without macular-involved necrotic lesions. The results of our study are helpful for a deep understanding of the damage caused by CMVR.

scholarly journals Magnification Effect of Foveal Avascular Zone Measurement Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mika Suda ◽  
Yuji Yoshikawa ◽  
Gaku Terauchi ◽  
Soiti Matsumoto ◽  
Takuhei Shoji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
En Face ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Magnification Effect

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) of healthy subjects and examine the magnification effect. Methods: A total of 33 healthy volunteers were enrolled and all subjects were eligible for analysis. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) examination scanned 3 × 3 mm of the macular area. The FAZ area was measured on the superficial OCTA en face image with and without correction by axial length. The relationship between changes in the FAZ area after correction with the axial length was examined. Results: The mean age was 21.9 ± 0.6 years. The mean axial length was 24.87 ± 1.17 mm and mean spherical equivalent (SE) value was –3.64 ± 2.83 diopters (D). The FAZ area was 0.26 ± 0.10 mm2 before the axial length correction and 0.27 ± 0.10 mm2 after the correction. In the eyes that had an axial length longer than or equal to 26 mm or SE less than or equal to –6 D, the FAZ area after correction was significantly larger than that before correction (p < 0.01). The change of FAZ area after correction with axial length was significantly correlated with the axial length (R2 = 0.88, p < 0.01) or SE value (R2 = 0.55, p < 0.01). Conclusion: FAZ areas were comparable to previous reports. In high myopic cases, the magnification effect needs to be considered when evaluating the FAZ area.

scholarly journals Detection rate of diabetic macular microaneurysms comparing dye-based angiography and optical coherence tomography angiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Stattin ◽  
Anna-Maria Haas ◽  
Daniel Ahmed ◽  
Ulrike Stolba ◽  
Alexandra Graf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Imaging Methodology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Abstract Diabetic maculopathy (DM) is a microvascular dysfunction clinically characterized by microaneurysms (MA) leading to edema and central visual deprivation. This prospective explorative study investigated 27 eyes of 17 patients with DM by fluorescein/indocyanine green angiography (FA/ICGA; SPECTRALIS HRA-OCT, Heidelberg Engineering) and by swept source-optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA; DRI-OCT Triton Plus, Topcon) to identify clinically relevant MAs. The SS-OCTA cubes were split into the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and the deep capillary plexus (DCP) according to the automated segmentation. The images of all modalities were superimposed for alignment by an Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid overlay and compared to each other. In total, the mean number of MAs in FA was 33.4 ± 22 (standard deviation) (median 27.5 [q1:21.75;q3:38.25]), in ICGA 24.9 ± 16.9 (17.5 [14;35]), in the SCP 6.5 ± 3.7 (5.5 [3.75;9.25]) and in the DCP 18.1 ± 10.5 (18.5 [10.75;23.5]). Mixed effects models between ICGA and the DCP were borderline significant (p = 0.048; 95% confidence interval 0.21 to 13.49), whereas all other imaging methods differed significantly. Quantitative analysis of MAs in DM showed a plausible agreement between ICGA and the DCP in SS-OCTA. These findings contribute to the imaging methodology in DM.

scholarly journals Comparison of optical coherence tomography angiography results of adult patients with Familial Mediterranean fever and healthy individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 251584141989205
Author(s):  
Emine Esra Karaca ◽  
Dilay Ozek ◽  
Ahmet Omma ◽  
Ozlem Evren Kemer
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Familial Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Mediterranean Fever

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the macular ultrastructure measuring by optical coherence tomography angiography in adult patients with Familial Mediterranean fever. Methods: Participants were 62 Familial Mediterranean fever patients and 54 healthy individuals in control group with similar age and sex. The superficial and deep vascular plexus structures covering the central fovea in an area of 6 mm × 6 mm were measured using AngioVue images taken with optical coherence tomography angiography. Vasculature structure, foveal avascular zone, acircularity index of foveal avascular zone (the ratio of the perimeter of foveal avascular zone and the perimeter of a circle with the equal area), and superficial and deep retinal plexus densities were measured. Results: The inferior deep vascular density was measured: 49.17% ± 8.59% in Familial Mediterranean fever patients, 55.56% ± 5.92% in the control group. The deep inferior-hemi vascular density was measured: 48.59% ± 10.34% in Familial Mediterranean fever patients, 56.54% ± 8.05% in the control group. Deep inferior and deep inferior-hemi vascular density was significantly reduced in Familial Mediterranean fever patients compared with healthy controls ( p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: The vascular abnormalities in optical coherence tomography angiography show subclinical signs of microangiopathy in Familial Mediterranean fever patients. This observation, which can be obtained only through optical coherence tomography angiography, may be an ocular hallmark for Familial Mediterranean fever disease.

scholarly journals Retinal Vascular Changes during the Menstrual Cycle Detected with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Linning Guo ◽  
Chenlei Zhu ◽  
Ziqi Wang ◽  
Zhiqiang Gao ◽  
Zongduan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vascular Status

Purpose. To evaluate the effects of the menstrual cycle on the retinal vascular status of healthy women by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Materials and Methods. Healthy women with regular natural menstrual cycles of 28 to 30 days were recruited for this prospective study. The women’s retinal vascular status was measured by OCTA at 3 time points: the early follicular, ovulatory, and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle. The main outcome measures were foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters, perfusion density (PD) percentage in the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP), and PD percentage in the deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP). The mean arterial pressure (MAP), spherical equivalent (SE), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and axial (AL) were also measured in a same menstrual cycle. Results. In total, 62 right eyes of 62 women were included in the study. The mean age was 27.0 ± 1.73 (range, 24 to 31) years, and the mean menstrual cycle was 28.90 ± 0.84 (range, 28 to 30) days. The mean values of the DCP-PD parameters were significantly decreased in the nasal and inferior ETDRS subfields during the ovulatory phase. The mean DCP-PD in the nasal ETDRS subfield in the early follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases was 54.11 ± 2.85, 56.39 ± 3.03, and 55.70 ± 3.27, respectively. The mean DCP-PD in the inferior ETDRS subfield in the early follicular, ovulatory, and midluteal phases was 52.90 ± 3.30, 54.86 ± 2.51, and 55.21 ± 2.64, respectively. No significant differences were found in MAP, SE, AL, IOP, FAZ area, or other quadrants of PD parameters, and no significant correlation was found between parameters by OCTA and age, MAP,SE, axial length, or IOP. Conclusions. The DCP-PD decreased in the nasal and inferior ETDRS subfields during the ovulatory phase in our study. This may indicate the need to consider the menstrual phase when interpreting DCP-PD parameters by OCTA in healthy women.

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