Cortical involvement and leptomeningeal inflammation in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease: A three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI study

Background: Cortical demyelination and meningeal inflammation have been detected neuropathologically in multiple sclerosis (MS) and recently in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD). Objectives: To assess in vivo cortical and leptomeningeal involvement in MOGAD. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 11 MOGAD and 12 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients combining three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) and 3D-T1-weighted (3D-T1w) sequences at 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Leptomeningeal contrast enhancement (LMCE) was assessed on 3D-FLAIR post-gadolinium (3D-FLAIRGd). Cerebral cortical lesions (CCLs) were classified as either intracortical–subpial (IC–SP) or leukocortical (LC). Results: CCLs were present in 8/11 MOGAD and 12/12 RRMS patients, with the number of CCLs being significantly lower in MOGAD (median (interquartile range (IQR)) 3 (0.5–4) vs 12 (4.75–19), p = 0.0032). In MOGAD, IC–SP lesions were slightly more prevalent than LC lesions (2 (0–2.5) vs 1 (0–2), p = 0.6579); whereas in RRMS, IC–SP lesions were less prevalent than LC lesions (3.5 (2.75–5.5) vs 9 (2–12.75), p = 0.27). LMCE was observed in 3/11 MOGAD and 1/12 RRMS patients; MOGAD with LMCE showed an increased median number of CCLs compared with MOGAD without LMCE (8 (4–9) vs 2.5 (0.75–3.25), p = 0.34). No correlation was observed between MOGAD MRI findings and (a) MOGAD duration, (b) serum MOG-immunoglobulin G1 titers, and (c) oligoclonal band presence. Conclusion: We described cortical lesion topography and detected for the first time LMCE using 3D-FLAIRGd sequences in MOGAD patients.

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Three - dimensional fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence on 3 tesla magnetic resonace imaging in cranial nerve pathologies: Two case reports

Journal of Clinical Medicine- Hue Central Hospital ◽

10.38103/jcmhch.2021.72.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thuyet Dinh Van

Keyword(s):

Cranial Nerve ◽

Case Reports ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Inversion Recovery ◽

Inversion Recovery Sequence ◽

Recovery Sequence ◽

Flair Sequence ◽

Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽

Fluid Pulsation ◽

3D Flair

Three - dimensional fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence (3D-FLAIR) was introduced as a practical sequence which helps to reduce the cerebrospinal fluid pulsation and flow artefacts of conventional 2D acquisition and brings contiguous slices, ability in reformatting in variable planes which are typical features of 3D acquisition. 3D - FLAIR has been applied on assessing several neurologic pathologies. In this article, we introduce the application of 3D - FLAIR sequence without contrast enhancement on detecting abnormalities of cranial nerve pathology by presenting two cases, acute vestibular neuritis and facial nerve palsy. We suggest that 3D - FLAIR is the relatively useful sequence in detecting cranial nerve pathologies.

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Evaluation of Ultrafast Wave-CAIPI Three-Dimensional Fluid-attenuated Inversion Recovery (3D FLAIR) Compared to Standard 3D FLAIR for Quantitative Analysis of Cerebral White Matter Lesions

10.26226/morressier.5e8335ba7cb08a046ef7c632 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chanon Ngamsombat

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

White Matter ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

White Matter Lesions ◽

Inversion Recovery ◽

Cerebral White Matter ◽

Cerebral White Matter Lesions ◽

Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽

3D Flair

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To Compare Diagnostic Ability of Contrast-Enhanced Three-Dimensional T1-SPACE with Three-Dimensional Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery and Three-Dimensional T1-Magnetization Prepared Rapid Gradient Echo Magnetic Resonance Sequences in Patients of Meningitis

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ◽

10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_157_18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

pp. 48-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sudesh Kumar ◽

Suresh Kumar ◽

Mukesh Surya ◽

Anjali Mahajan ◽

Sanjiv Sharma

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Sylvian Fissure ◽

Inversion Recovery ◽

Gradient Echo ◽

Meningeal Enhancement ◽

Leptomeningeal Enhancement ◽

Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽

3D Flair ◽

Basal Cisterns

ABSTRACT Aims: The aim of this study is to compare postcontrast three-dimensional (3D) T1-Sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolutions, 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and 3D T1-magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequences in patients of meningitis. Settings and Design: A hospital-based cross-sectional study done in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, IGMC Shimla for a period of 1 year from June 1, 2016, to May 30, 2017. Subjects and Methods: A total of 30 patients suspected of meningitis underwent magnetic resonance imaging evaluation with postcontrast 3D T1-MPRAGE, 3D T1-SPACE, and 3D FLAIR sequences. The abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement was noted by two radiologists together on these sequences and scores were given to the abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement. Statistical Analysis Used: The sensitivity of 3D T1-SPACE, 3D T1-MPRAGE, and 3D FLAIR was calculated and compared. The level of agreement between these sequences was assessed by kappa coefficient. P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: 3D T1-SPACE shows superiority in meningeal enhancement along basal cisterns, Sylvian fissure and along cerebral convexities. It is also found to be better in delineating parenchymal lesions. 3D FLAIR failed to demonstrate enhancement along cerebral convexities however found to be better than 3D T1-MPRAGE in delineating enhancement along basal cisterns and Sylvian fissures. 3D T1-MPRAGE has shown subtle enhancement in basal cisterns, Sylvian fissure and along cerebral convexities. 3D T1-SPACE, 3D FLAIR, and 3D T1-MPRAGE has sensitivity of 91.67%, 66.67%, and 54.17%, respectively. Conclusion: Postcontrast 3D T1-SPACE sequence is an excellent tool than postcontrast 3D T1-MPRAGE and 3D FLAIR sequences in the evaluation of meningeal enhancement and depiction of additional lesions in brain parenchyma.

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Optimal sequences and sequence parameters for GBCA-enhanced MRI of the glymphatic system: a systematic literature review

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185120969950 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 028418512096995

Author(s):

Liesje SP Mijnders ◽

Feline WR Steup ◽

Mette Lindhout ◽

Paul A van der Kleij ◽

Wyger M Brink ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Analysis ◽

Inner Ear ◽

Low Dose ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Inversion Recovery ◽

Optimal Sequence ◽

Glymphatic System ◽

Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽

Sequence Parameters ◽

3D Flair

Background The glymphatic system (GS) is a recently discovered waste clearance system in the brain. Purpose To evaluate the most promising magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence(s) and the most optimal sequence parameters for glymphatic MRI (gMRI) 4–24 h after administration of gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA). Material and Methods Multiple literature databases were systematically searched for articles regarding gMRI or MRI of the perilymph in the inner ear until 11 May 2020. All relevant MRI sequence parameters were tabulated for qualitative analysis. Their potential was assessed based on detection of low dose GBCA, primarily measured as signal intensity (SI) ratio. Results Thirty articles were included in the analysis. Three-dimensional fluid attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR), 3D Real Inversion Recovery (3D-Real IR), and multiple 3D T1-weighted gradient echo sequences were used. In perilymph, 3D-FLAIR with a TE of at least 400 ms yielded the highest SIRs. In the qualitative analysis of inner ear studies using 3D-FLAIR, TR was in the range of 4400–10,000 ms, TI 1500–2600 ms, refocusing flip angle (rFA) (range 120°–180°), and echo train length (ETL) 23–173. In the gMRI studies, quantitative analysis was not possible. In the qualitative analysis, 3D-FLAIR was used in the majority (8/12) of the studies, usually with TR 4800–9000 ms, TI 1650–2500 ms, TE 311–561 ms, rFA 90°–120°, and ETL 167–278. Conclusion Long TE 3D-FLAIR is the most promising sequence for detection of low-dose GBCA in the GS. Clinical and/or phantom studies on other MRI parameters are needed for further optimization of gMRI.

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Three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging findings in a patient with relapsing polychondritis

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215113003587 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 128 (2) ◽

pp. 192-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M Kato ◽

N Katayama ◽

S Naganawa ◽

T Nakashima

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Standard Dose ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Relapsing Polychondritis ◽

Inversion Recovery ◽

Imaging Findings ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Radiological Report ◽

Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery

AbstractObjective:We report three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging findings in a patient with relapsing polychondritis.Method:Case report.Result:A 76-year-old woman initially presented with bilateral auricular swelling together with dyspnoea. Three months later, she experienced left hearing loss and recurrent vertigo. A biopsy of the auricle was performed and relapsing polychondritis was diagnosed. The patient underwent three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging 4 hours after intravenous injection of a standard dose of gadolinium. Gadolinium enhancement was visible throughout the vestibule and the endolymphatic space could not be visualised, suggesting breakdown of the blood–labyrinth barrier.Conclusion:This is the first radiological report to demonstrate breakdown of the blood–labyrinth barrier in a case of relapsing polychondritis with inner ear impairment.

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