scholarly journals Juxtacortical susceptibility changes in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy at the gray–white matter junction correlates with iron-enriched macrophages

2021 ◽  
pp. 135245852199965
Author(s):  
Kedar R Mahajan ◽  
Moein Amin ◽  
Matthew Poturalski ◽  
Jonathan Lee ◽  
Danielle Herman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Susceptibility Weighted Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gradient Echo ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective: Describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) susceptibility changes in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and identify neuropathological correlates. Methods: PML cases and matched controls with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) were retrospectively identified. MRI brain at 3 T and 7 T were reviewed. MRI-pathology correlations in fixed brain autopsy tissue were conducted in three subjects with confirmed PML. Results: With PML ( n = 26 total, n = 5 multiple sclerosis natalizumab-associated), juxtacortical changes on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) or gradient echo (GRE) sequences were noted in 3/3 cases on 7 T MRI and 14/22 cases (63.6%) on 1.5 T or 8/22 (36.4%) 3 T MRI. Similar findings were only noted in 3/25 (12.0%) of PCNSL patients (odds ratio (OR) 12.83, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.9–56.7, p < 0.001) on 1.5 or 3 T MRI. On susceptibility sequences available prior to diagnosis of PML, 7 (87.5%) had changes present on average 2.7 ± 1.8 months (mean ± SD) prior to diagnosis. Postmortem 7 T MRI showed SWI changes corresponded to areas of increased iron density along the gray–white matter (GM-WM) junction predominantly in macrophages. Conclusion: Susceptibility changes in PML along the GM-WM junction can precede noticeable fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) changes and correlates with iron accumulation in macrophages.

scholarly journals Fast 3 T nigral hyperintensity magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Hernadi ◽  
David Pinter ◽  
Szilvia Anett Nagy ◽  
Gergely Orsi ◽  
Samuel Komoly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Susceptibility Weighted Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gradient Echo ◽  
Planar Imaging ◽  
Motion Artefacts ◽  
Yahr Stage ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Echo Planar

AbstractThe absence of nigral hyperintensity is a promising MR marker for Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its small size imposes limitations on its routine use. Our aim was to compare Multi Echo Data Image Combination (MEDIC), segmented echo-planar imaging (EPISEG) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences, as well as both magnitude (MAG) and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) reconstructions of single-echo gradient echo for nigral hyperintensity imaging. Twenty-five healthy and twenty PD subjects were included. Sensitivity to motion artefacts, confidence of the radiologist in interpretation, rate of nondiagnostic scans and diagnostic accuracy were assessed. EPISEG was less motion-sensitive than MEDIC, MAG, and SWI, while FLAIR was less motion-sensitive than MAG and SWI. The reviewers were more confident when using EPISEG compared to any other techniques and MEDIC was superior to FLAIR. The proportions of nondiagnostic scans were lower for EPISEG than for other sequences. The best diagnostic performance was achieved for EPISEG (sensitivity = 65%, specificity = 96%). Using EPISEG, the absence of nigral hyperintensity in PD was associated with higher Hoehn-Yahr stage and MDS-UPDRS II + III. Nigral hyperintensity may be intact at the very early stages of PD. The promising properties of EPISEG may help the transfer of nigral hyperintensity imaging into daily clinical practice.

Three-dimensional MRI sequences in MS diagnosis and research

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 1700-1709
Author(s):  
Xun Yang Hu ◽  
Luckshi Rajendran ◽  
Emmanuelle Lapointe ◽  
Roger Tam ◽  
David Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
Susceptibility Weighted Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Phase Sensitive Inversion Recovery ◽  
3D Mri ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Mri Sequences ◽  
Phase Sensitive ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The most recent guidelines for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) recommend three-dimensional (3D) MRI sequences over their two-dimensional (2D) counterparts. This development has been made possible by advances in MRI scanner hardware and software. In this article, we review the 3D versions of conventional sequences, including T1-weighted, T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), as well as more advanced scans, including double inversion recovery (DIR), FLAIR2, FLAIR*, phase-sensitive inversion recovery, and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI).

scholarly journals Reverse 'Hot Cross Bun' Sign in Primary Progressive Aphasia - An Atypical MRI Feature

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Rajendra Singh Jain ◽  
Kamlesh Kumar ◽  
Ashwini Hiremath
Keyword(s):  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Image ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
First Case ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Unusual Finding

ABSTRACTPrimary progressive aphasia (PPA) is thought to be a disorder of focal cortical degeneration which occurs as a result of lobar atrophy of dominant frontal and temporal lobe. We report a case of a 78 year old male patient presenting with progressive language affection predominantly and clinically diagnosed as PPA but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain showed an unusual finding of reverse 'hot cross bun' sign in pons in T2 weighted (T2W) / diffusion weighted image (DWI)/ T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) axial views. This is the first case report of reverse 'hot cross bun' sign in a case of PPA to the best of our knowledge.

scholarly journals Diagnosing RCVS Without the CV

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. NP1-NP4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuri Jacoby ◽  
Ulrike Kaunzner ◽  
Marc Dinkin ◽  
Joseph Safdieh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
The Brain

This is a case of a 52-year-old man with a past medical history of 2 episodes of coital thunderclap headaches as well as recent cocaine, marijuana, and pseudoephedrine use, who presented with sudden, sharp, posterior headache associated with photophobia and phonophobia. His initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the head, and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) of the head were all normal as well as a normal lumbar puncture. Given the multiple risk factors for reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), the patient was treated for suspected RCVS, despite the normal imaging. Repeat MRI brain 3 days after hospital admission demonstrated confluent white matter T2 hyperintensities most prominent in the occipital lobes, typical of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Repeat MRA of the head 1 day after discharge and 4 days after the abnormal MRI brain showed multisegment narrowing of multiple arteries. This case demonstrates that RCVS may present with PRES on MRI brain and also exemplifies the need to treat suspected RCVS even if imaging is normal, as abnormalities in both the MRI and the MRA may be delayed.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERBEDAAN CITRA MRI BRAIN PADA SEKUENT1SE DAN T1FLAIR

SINERGI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Nursama Heru Apriantoro ◽  
Christianni Christianni
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Weighted Image ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery

MRI adalah bagian dari ilmu kedokteran untuk mediagnosa kelainan organ dengan memanfaatkan medan magnet dan pergerakan proton atom hidrogen. Salah satu pemeriksaan MRI adalah pemeriksaan brain. Pemeriksaan MRI brain dapat dilakukan T1 weighted image Spin Echo (T1 SE) atau T1 Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (T1 FLAIR). Kajian dilakukan untuk menentukan perbedaan T1 SE dan T1 FLAIR dari segi citra berdasarkan nilai Rasio Signal terhadap Noise (SNR) dengan MRI GE Type Signa HD xt 1.5 Tesla. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif.  20 pasien  telah diambil pada pemeriksaan MRI brain pada potongan axial, dengan parameter T1 SE potongan axial dengan parameter Time Repetition (TR) 700 ms, Time Echo (TE) 20 ms, Field of View (FOV) 240 mm, Slice Thickness 5,0 mm, Spacing 1,0 mm, Number of Excitations (NEX) 1, Phase 224, dan total slice 20. T1 FLAIR  parameter TR 3000 ms, TE 13,9 ms, TI 920 ms, FOV 240 mm, slice thickness 5,0 mm, spacing 1,0 mm,   NEX 1, phase 224, dan total slice 20. SNR dihitung pada anatomi brain meliputi CSF (Cerebro Spinal Fluid), White Matter dan Gray Matter. Hasil penelitian kedua sequence tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sequence T1 SE lebih baik daripada sequence T1 FLAIR.

Void distribution and susceptibility differences in ceramic materials using MRI

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton S. Wallner ◽  
William M. Ritchey
Keyword(s):  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Signal Loss ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gradient Echo ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Processing Differences ◽  
Porous Ceramic Materials ◽  
Solvent Permeation

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is applied to porous ceramic materials to study structural properties. In ceramics, processing differences create inhomogeneous binder distribution in the materials which can cause the formation of regions with differing densities and voids. These defects can be observed with MRI using solvent permeation. Fractional porosity obtained by using image intensity measurements and weight gain due to solvent permeation can be correlated. Dark regions in the image are due to defects such as closed voids, pockets of binder, or agglomerates. Defects such as voids or agglomerates usually have different magnetic susceptibilities. This difference causes artifacts in the image. By exploiting the increase in signal loss using a gradient-echo sequence, apparent enhancement of voids in ceramics is achieved.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging does not contribute to the diagnosis of chronic neuroborreliosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aalto ◽  
J. Sjöwall ◽  
L. Davidsson ◽  
P. Forsberg ◽  
Ö. Smedby
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Borrelia infections, especially chronic neuroborreliosis (NB), may cause considerable diagnostic problems. This diagnosis is based on symptoms and findings in the cerebrospinal fluid but is not always conclusive. Purpose: To evaluate brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in chronic NB, to compare the findings with healthy controls, and to correlate MRI findings with disease duration. Material and Methods: Sixteen well-characterized patients with chronic NB and 16 matched controls were examined in a 1.5T scanner with a standard head coil. T1- (with and without gadolinium), T2-, and diffusion-weighted imaging plus fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging were used. Results: White matter lesions and lesions in the basal ganglia were seen in 12 patients and 10 controls (no significant difference). Subependymal lesions were detected in patients down to the age of 25 and in the controls down to the age of 43. The number of lesions was correlated to age both in patients (ρ = 0.83, P<0.01) and in controls (ρ = 0.61, P<0.05), but not to the duration of disease. Most lesions were detected with FLAIR, but many also with T2-weighted imaging. Conclusion: A number of MRI findings were detected in patients with chronic NB, although the findings were unspecific when compared with matched controls and did not correlate with disease duration. However, subependymal lesions may constitute a potential finding in chronic NB.

scholarly journals A rare case of post traumatic isolated bilateral abducens nerve palsy

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-499
Author(s):  
Manish Jaiswal ◽  
Saurabh Jain ◽  
Ashok Gandhi ◽  
Achal Sharma ◽  
R.S. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Abducens Nerve ◽  
Abducens Nerve Palsy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Intracranial Lesion ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Bilateral Abducens

Abstract Although unilateral abducens nerve palsy has been reported to be as high as 1% to 2.7% of traumatic brain injury, bilateral abducens nerve palsy following injury is extremely rare. In this report, we present the case of a patient who developed isolated bilateral abducens nerve palsy following minor head injury. He had a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 15 points. Computed tomography (CT) images & Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain demonstrated no intracranial lesion. Herein, we discuss the possible mechanisms of bilateral abducens nerve palsy and its management.

scholarly journals Idiopathic Bilateral Bloody Tearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrullah Beyazyıldız ◽  
Yasemin Özdamar ◽  
Özlem Beyazyıldız ◽  
Hasan Yerli
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gradient Echo ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Endoscopic Evaluation ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Squamous Cells ◽  
Pathological Analysis ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Bloody tear is a rare and distinct clinic phenomenon. We report a case presenting with the complaint of recurrent episodes of bilateral bloody tearing. A 16-year-old girl presented to our clinic with complaint of bloody tearing in both eyes for 3 months. Bloody tearing was not associated with her menses. A blood-stained discharge from the punctum was not observed during the compression of both nasolacrimal ducts. Nasolacrimal passage was not obstructed. Imaging studies such as dacryocystography and gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of nasolacrimal canal were normal. Intranasal endoscopic evaluation was normal. We collected samples from bloody tears two times and pathological examination was performed. Pathological analysis showed lots of squamous cells and no endometrial cells; dysplastic cells were found. Further evaluations for underlying causes were unremarkable. No abnormalities were found in ophthalmologic, radiologic, and pathologic investigations. This condition is likely a rare abnormality and the least recognized aetiology for the idiopathic phenomenon.

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