scholarly journals Broader autism phenotype and couple interactions in parents of children with autism

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 2068-2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigan L Hartley ◽  
Emily J Hickey ◽  
Leann DaWalt ◽  
Geovanna Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Broader Autism Phenotype ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Couple Problem ◽  
Electrodermal Reactivity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Autism Phenotype

The broader autism phenotype refers to sub-clinical autism spectrum disorder characteristics involving socially and emotionally aloof and rigid personality traits and social communication difficulties. Relatives of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, including parents, evidence an increased rate of broader autism phenotype. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between actor (one’s own) and partner (their partner’s) broader autism phenotype and the self-reported, observed, and physiological (i.e. electrodermal reactivity) markers of the quality of videotaped couple problem-solving interactions in 158 couples, who had a child with autism spectrum disorder (aged 5–12 years). The mean age of mothers was 39.79 (standard deviation = 5.06) years and the mean age of fathers was 41.77 (standard deviation = 6.02) years for fathers, and 36.6% of parents did not have a college degree. Actor–partner interdependence models, using structural equation modeling in analysis of moment structures, were conducted. Results indicated that parent broader autism phenotype was positively related to adverse couple problem-solving interactions across all measurement methods (observed codes, self-reported affect, and electrodermal reactivity). These effects were independent of child-related challenges. The effect of parent broader autism phenotype occurred through both actor and partner pathways and was strongest for father broader autism phenotype.

scholarly journals Associations between parental broader autism phenotype and child autism spectrum disorder phenotype in the Study to Explore Early Development

Autism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Rubenstein ◽  
Lisa D Wiggins ◽  
Laura A Schieve ◽  
Chyrise Bradley ◽  
Carolyn DiGuiseppi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Broader Autism Phenotype ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Motor Delay ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Repetitive Motor ◽  
Autism Phenotype

The autism spectrum disorder phenotype varies by social and communication ability and co-occurring developmental, behavioral, and medical conditions. Etiology is also diverse, with myriad potential genetic origins and environmental risk factors. Examining the influence of parental broader autism phenotype—a set of sub-clinical characteristics of autism spectrum disorder—on child autism spectrum disorder phenotypes may help reduce heterogeneity in potential genetic predisposition for autism spectrum disorder. We assessed the associations between parental broader autism phenotype and child phenotype among children of age 30–68 months enrolled in the Study to Explore Early Development (N = 707). Child autism spectrum disorder phenotype was defined by a replication of latent classes derived from multiple developmental and behavioral measures: Mild Language Delay with Cognitive Rigidity, Mild Language and Motor Delay with Dysregulation (e.g. anxiety/depression), General Developmental Delay, and Significant Developmental Delay with Repetitive Motor Behaviors. Scores on the Social Responsiveness Scale-Adult measured parent broader autism phenotype. Broader autism phenotype in at least one parent was associated with a child having increased odds of being classified as mild language and motor delay with dysregulation compared to significant developmental delay with repetitive motor behaviors (odds ratio: 2.44; 95% confidence interval: 1.16, 5.09). Children of parents with broader autism phenotype were more likely to have a phenotype qualitatively similar to broader autism phenotype presentation; this may have implications for etiologic research.

scholarly journals The Broader Autism Phenotype and Its Implications on the Etiology and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Gerdts ◽  
Raphael Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Broader Autism Phenotype ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
High Concordance ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Phenotype

The presence of autism-related traits has been well documented in undiagnosed family members of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The most common finding is mild impairments in social and communication skills that are similar to those shown by individuals with autism, but exhibited to a lesser degree. Termed thebroader autism phenotype(BAP), these traits suggest a genetic liability for autism-related traits in families. Genetic influence in autism is strong, with identical twins showing high concordance for the diagnosis and related traits and approximately 20% of all ASD cases having an identified genetic mechanism. This paper highlights the studies conducted to date regarding the BAP and considers the implications of these findings for the etiology and treatment of ASD.

scholarly journals Early emergence of discrepancy in adaptive behavior and cognitive skills in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1485-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Bradshaw ◽  
Scott Gillespie ◽  
Cheryl Klaiman ◽  
Ami Klin ◽  
Celine Saulnier
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Broader Autism Phenotype ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Daily Living Skills ◽  
Adaptive Skills ◽  
Living Skills ◽  
Autism Phenotype

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder and average IQ exhibit a widening discrepancy between lagging adaptive skills relative to their cognitive potential, but it is unknown when this discrepancy emerges in development. To address this important question, we measured adaptive and cognitive skills longitudinally, from 12–36 months, in 96 low-risk typically developing infants and 69 high-risk siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder who at 36 months were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder ( N = 21), the broader autism phenotype ( N = 19), or showed no concerns (unaffected; N = 29). Results indicate that both cognitive and adaptive communication skills remained stable over time for all four groups, but toddlers with autism spectrum disorder and the broader autism phenotype failed to keep pace with unaffected and typically developing toddlers with regard to adaptive socialization skills and, to a lesser extent, daily living skills. The odds of having a discrepant developmental profile, with average cognitive skills and below average adaptive skills, was significantly greater for socialization and daily living skills in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder or the broader autism phenotype and increased over time from 12 to 36 months. The discrepancy between adaptive skills and cognition emerges early and widens over time for infants with autism spectrum disorder symptomology, supporting early assessment and intervention of adaptive socialization and daily living skills.

scholarly journals Ratings of Broader Autism Phenotype and Personality Traits in Optimal Outcomes from Autism Spectrum Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 3505-3518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Suh ◽  
Alyssa Orinstein ◽  
Marianne Barton ◽  
Chi-Ming Chen ◽  
Inge-Marie Eigsti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Broader Autism Phenotype ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Optimal Outcomes ◽  
Autism Phenotype
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