scholarly journals How feminists pick porn: Troubling the link between ‘authenticity’ and production ethics

Sexualities ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 136346072093647
Author(s):  
PJ Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stigma Reduction ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Consumption Ethics ◽  
Sex Positive

This article presents findings from an empirical study into the experiences of feminists who use pornography, with a focus on how feminists choose the material with which they engage. It discusses the ways in which participating feminists understood notions of authenticity in relation to porn, as well as the role played by perceptions of ‘authentic representation’ in their porn selection processes and ethical decision-making. The article problematizes the link made by interviewees between more authentic-seeming representations of sex, bodies and pleasure on one hand, and superior production standards and/or more enthusiastic performer consent on the other. It furthermore argues that uncritical demands for authenticity in porn risk undermining broader ‘sex positive’ or ‘anti-anti-porn’ feminist political goals, particularly around stigma reduction and the elimination of exploitative industry practices. In this way the article offers a meaningful contribution to academics, activists and others engaged in the discussion around porn consumption ethics and the ethics of porn consumption, as well as those working on ways to address exploitation within the pornography industries.

Care Ethics: A Concept in Search of a Framework

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich H. Loewy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Care Ethics ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Care Ethic ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, I want to try to put what has been termed the “care ethics” into a different perspective. While I will discuss primarily the use of that ethic or that term as it applies to the healthcare setting in general and to the deliberation of consultants or the function of committees more specifically, what I have to say is meant to be applicable to the problem of using a notion like “caring” as a fundamental precept in ethical decision making. I will set out to examine the relationship between theoretical ethics, justice-based reasoning, and care-based reasoning and conclude by suggesting not only that all are part of a defensible solution when adjudicating individual cases, but that these three are linked and can, in fact, be mutually corrective. I will claim that using what has been called “the care ethic” alone is grossly insufficient for solving individual problems and that the term can (especially when used without a disciplined framework) be extremely dangerous. I will readily admit that while blindly using an approach based solely on theoretically derived principles is perhaps somewhat less dangerous, it is bound to be sterile, unsatisfying, and perhaps even cruel in individual situations. Care ethics, as I understand the concept, is basically a non- or truly an anti-intellectual kind of ethic in that it tries not only to value feeling over thought in deliberating problems of ethics, but indeed, would almost entirely substitute feeling for thought. Feeling when used to underwrite undisciplined and intuitive action without theory has no head and, therefore, no plan and no direction; theory eventuating in sterile rules and eventually resulting in action heedlessly based on such rules lacks humanity and heart. Neither one nor the other is complete in itself. There is no reason why we necessarily should be limited to choosing between these two extremes.

scholarly journals Influences on ethical decision-making among porn consumers: The role of stigma

2020 ◽  
pp. 146954052097024
Author(s):  
PJ Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Support Worker ◽  
Worker Rights ◽  
Stigma Reduction ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Sex And Sexuality

This paper presents findings from a grounded theory study of consumer ethics among feminists who use porn. It presents a range of exogenous and endogenous factors reported to be influential on ethical decision-making in this context and demonstrates how such factors may be perceived as impeding or facilitating the types of behaviour that consumers consider to be more in keeping with their moral and political beliefs. It furthermore highlights how such influences are often undergirded by seemingly deep-seated stigma around pornography, and often around sex and sexuality at large. The paper concludes that the direct and indirect effects of stigma may present additional obstacles for “fairtrade” and feminist-branded porn projects seeking to leverage consumer demand to support the development of more ethical industry practices. While it has been argued that stigma-reduction efforts can help reduce exploitative practices in the porn industry – by improving sex workers’ ability to demand rights, freedoms, safety, and better labour conditions and remuneration – the analysis from this study suggests that such efforts may also result in secondary benefits. These may be brought about by (a) removing obstacles to the types of consumer practice that could in turn support worker rights and livelihoods, and (b) disrupting rationalisations used to justify consumer choices that threaten to undermine these ends.

Utility, Duty, Morality, and Justice

2015 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Moral Imagination ◽  
Moral Virtue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Good Will ◽  
The Mean

Utility is the theory of the greatest happiness to as many people as possible. The end justifies the means where consequences matter and what makes the action moral is the result. Duty deontology implies that we are doing a good job as long as we are following the rules even if it is against our will. It is our duty, our obligation, even sometimes leading to pain. All actions and decisions should be of a good will regardless of the results. On the other hand, moral virtue is acquired by habit and does not come by nature. Virtue represents the mean between extremes. Therefore, moral virtue has to do with feelings followed by actions, where the mean is not always the middle of two opposite extremes. This chapter explores utility, duty, morality, and justice as philosophical foundations of moral imagination in ethical decision making.

A Socratic Dialogue on the Question ‘What is Love in Nursing?

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Les Fitzgerald ◽  
Stan van Hooft
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Socratic Dialogue ◽  
Risk Takers ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Moral Attitudes

It is the thesis of the authors that the caring ethic and moral state of being of nurses ideally suffuses their professional caring and is thus implicit in their ethical decision making. Socratic dialogue is a technique that allows such moral attitudes to be made explicit. This article describes a Socratic dialogue conducted with nurses on the topic: ‘What is love in nursing?’ The conclusions drawn were based on the belief that the current western-style health care system restricts the practice of nursing in such a way as to limit professional caring and loving possibilities. Nurses who love in the practice of caring go beyond the role definition of the duty of care; they are people who are prepared to think differently about their practice as professionals, and are identified as competent risk takers committed to the betterment of the other. From this dialogue, ‘love in nursing’ was understood as the willingness and commitment of the nurse to want the good of the other before the self, without reciprocity.

scholarly journals The Importance of WE in POWER: Integrating Police Wellness and Ethics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Blumberg ◽  
Konstantinos Papazoglou ◽  
Michael D. Schlosser
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Wellness Program ◽  
Recommendations For Action

In this article, the authors introduce the POWER perspective of police wellness and ethics. POWER stands for Police Officer Wellness, Ethics, and Resilience. The perspective represents the view that wellness and ethics cannot be discussed separately; they are inextricably connected to each other. Initiatives to address one should always, simultaneously, include the other. Although there is a need for wellness and ethics to be addressed on an organizational level, the present article emphasizes the importance of POWER for individual police officers. The authors make the argument that officers need to expand the way in which they conceptualize their own wellness to include efforts to maintain ethical decision-making. Specifically, officers will remain psychologically healthier when they take active steps to stay steadfastly committed to their ethical principles. Likewise, officers who utilize a comprehensive wellness program, including strategies to boost resilience, will be far less likely to experience lapses in ethical decision-making. Further recommendations for action and implication of this matter in law enforcement are presented and discussed.

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