scholarly journals Moving in and out of the European cultural space: Southeast European encounters with the Creative Europe programme

2021 ◽  
pp. 136754942110554
Author(s):  
Claske Vos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
European Community ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
The Republic

In 2014, the European Commission opened the Creative Europe programme to non–European Union states. In doing so, their intention was to provide cultural actors outside the European Union with the opportunity of engaging in a larger European cultural space, leading to new forms of European belonging. This article examines the functioning of this programme in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of North Macedonia and Serbia, and it analyses what forms of belonging emerged in the process. After revealing the reasons behind engaging in the programme and mapping experiences of participation, the article concludes that the programme is not only an opportunity to (re)connect with the larger European community, but for many participants it is also a form of confrontation with persisting inequalities and their marginal position within Europe. Their experience of participating in the European cultural space is directly tied to the overlapping social, cultural and political spaces of which they are part. This confirms Lefebvre’s analysis that spaces are inseparable and that newly created spaces cannot be emptied of traces of social relations in other spaces.

Diplomatic Protection in EU Law: What’s New under the Sun?

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Forni
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
European Commission ◽  
European Community ◽  
The Sun ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Diplomatic Protection ◽  
Effective Role

Summary This article aims to assess which subjects could offer diplomatic protection in third countries to European citizens and/or European Union legal persons on the basis of eu law. The absence of a common standard of assistance and the lack of specific agreements with third states has de facto excluded the diplomatic protection ex Article 23 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (tfeu, formerly the tec or Treaty establishing the European Community). Yet the practice shows cases in which the European Commission claimed the infringement of the rights of eu citizens and eu corporations in cases of violation of an international agreement concluded by the Union, or in cases of a breach of general international law in a matter of eu exclusive competence. These evidences indicate that the eu could play an effective role in ensuring the protection of European citizens in third countries in situations in which the eu member states have transferred their competences to the European Union. However, these actions remain discretional, since the ‘duty to protect’ is far from achieved both in eu and in international law.

6. The European Union

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-141
Author(s):  
Neil Parpworth
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
European Community ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
European Council ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
The Eu

The aims of this chapter are threefold. It first briefly considers the events that have led to the creation of the European Community (EC) and the European Union (EU). Secondly, it introduces the reader to the principal institutions of the Union: the European Council; the Council of Ministers; the European Commission; the European Parliament; and the Court of Justice of the EU and General Court. The nature and functions of each of these bodies is considered. Thirdly, the chapter indicates, where appropriate, the nature of the institutional reforms which have occurred following the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty by the member states.

scholarly journals Policy, trade, economic, and technological aspects of improving nutrient intake and lifestyles in the European Union

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2a) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Hautvast ◽  
Ibrahim Elmadfa ◽  
Mike Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
European Community ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nutrition Labelling ◽  
Nutrition Committee ◽  
The Eu

Summary of recommendations1.A new Nutrition Committee for the European Union1.1 A new Nutrition Committee for the European Union, should be created to give independent scientific and policy advice on nutrition, diets and physical activity to the Commission. This should be supported by a strengthened Nutritional Unit within the Commission.2.Policy development2.1 There needs to be a comprehensive and coherent nutritional policy for the EU2.2 The development of European dietary goals should continue after the completion of the Eurodiet Project.2.3 The European Commission should revise its Recommended Daily Allowances for vitamins and minerals using a systematic, evidence-based approach. Recommended Daily Allowances should be set at a level which would prevent deficiencies and lower the risk of disease.2.4 The European Commission should produce, preferably every four years, a report on the state of nutrition, diet and physical activity in the EU. This report should contain proposals for action3.Components of a nutrition policyEducation3.1 The European Commission should not be involved in the direct delivery of lifestyle advice to the public.3.2 The European Commission should continue to support networks whose members are involved in educating the public and in training professionals about nutrition, diets and physical activity.Research3.3 European Community funding of health-related research should better reflect the Community's public health priorities.3.4 The European Community should ear-mark funds for large, multi-centre studies into nutrition, diet and physical activity with a duration of up to 10 years.Consumer protectionFood labelling3.5 The European Commission should draw up proposals for the regulation of health claims.3.6 The European Community should agree rules for the use of nutrition claims along the lines agreed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission.3.7 The European Commission should review the 1990 Nutrition Labelling Directive particularly with a view to making nutrition labelling more comprehensible and it should encourage the development of other ways of providing consumers with information about the nutrient content of foods though, for example, the Internet.Food composition3.8 The European Commission should review the Novel Food Regulations, particularly with a view to ensuring that the nutritional consequences of consuming novel foods are better assessed and to making approval procedures more efficient.3.9 European Community rules on food fortification and on food supplements should be harmonised but in such a way that the interests of consumers are paramount.Agriculture policy3.10 The Common Agriculture Policy should be subject to a regular and systematic health impact assessment.3.11 Given that there are subsidies under the Common Agricultural Policy designed to increase consumption of surplus food, these should be directed towards promoting the consumption of foods for which there is strong evidence of a need for increased consumption in the EU for health reasons.Special issuesFruit and vegetable consumption3.12 The promotion of increased fruit and vegetable consumption across the EU should be a key aspect of the European Union's proposed nutrition policy.Breast feeding3.13 The European Union should review its policy on breast feeding including assessing and, if necessary, improving its legislation on breast milk substitutes and maternity leave.Physical Activity3.14 The European Union should have a policy for promoting physical activity in Europe. This should be part of, or at least closely integrated with, the European Union's proposed nutritional policy.

scholarly journals SOCIETY, TRAPPED VALUES AND FUTURE OF HUMANITY IN EUROPE: THE LESSONS FOR UKR

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
T.L. LIAKH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
European Community ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
European Values

The article is devoted to the formation of European values in Ukraine in the conditions of social transformations. The author defines that values are the system-forming core of activity and inner spiritual life of a person, and the system of values is the link that unites society and the individual, involving them in the system of social relations. It has been found that the main European values, which are distinguished by the profile organizations and on which the European community is based, are the following: respect for human dignity; fundamental rights, including the rights of communities and families; freedom (expression of will, freedom of speech, freedom of the media); democracy; equality of all members of society, including minorities; rule of law; pluralism; non-discrimination; tolerance; justice; solidarity; responsibility; equal gender rights. By signing the Association Agreement with the European Union, Ukraine has committed itself to develop relations with the European Union on common values. European values as fundamental ones are reflected in the Constitution of Ukraine. It has been determined that in the European Union values perform various functions (political, aimed at ensuring democracy, development of the rule of law, anti-discrimination, civil rights and human freedoms; consolidating – the formation of the European community and common social and humanitarian space; society, preservation and dissemination of European values, legal – justice, guaranteed by an ombudsman, protection of human and civil rights, economic – the formation of a socially-oriented market economy, ensuring balanced economic growth, full employment, prosperity, well-being, guaranteed property, overcoming poverty; social – achieving social harmony, social security and social assistance, health care, support for the family, protection of vulnerable groups, cultural – preservation of traditions, freedom of religion, language policy support, development of education, culture; information and communication – providing access to documentation, interaction with citizens.

scholarly journals Legal framework for establishing a single maritime transport space without barriers

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-182
Author(s):  
Biserka Rukavina ◽  
Loris Rak ◽  
Silvana Buneta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information System ◽  
European Commission ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Republic

This paper provides an overview of activities of the European Commission for establishing a single European maritime transport space and indicates whether and to what extent the adopted strategy documents have established their operations in practice. Directive 2010/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on reporting formalities for ships arriving in and/or departing from ports of the Member States and repealing Directive 2002/6/ EC, as well as Directive 2002/59/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the Community vessel traffic monitoring and information system, which represent significant legislative achievements of the European Union in the process of reducing administrative burdens to which ships are exposed in the maritime transport, are particularly analyzed. Reasons for amending Directive 2002/59/EC are especially explained. In the last part of the paper, authors review the achievements of the Republic of Croatia regarding the implementation of measures for the establishment of a single European maritime transport space. Based on the results of a comparative overview of solutions contained in the Directives and Croatian bylaws, authors point to the existence of non-compliance and to the need for further action.

scholarly journals Constitutional Basis for the Application of the EU Regulation on Electronic Identification and Trust Services in the Republic of Srpska // Ustavnopravni osnov primjene EU uredbe o elektronskoj identifikaciji i uslugama povjerenja u Republici Srpskoj

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Siniša Macan ◽  
Siniša Karan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Electronic Business ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electronic Signature ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republika Srpska

The Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina guarantees the right free exchange of goods and services throughout the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the process of integration into the European Union, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska have committed themselves to adapting their regulations to EU legislation.The exschange of goods and services has switched to the domain of electronic business, by developing Internet technologies. Administration can be viewed through services provided to citizens and the business community. It can be noted that these services can be services that are available to users through different communication channels. The administration can also provide its services according to prencipes on which e-commerce is basedAccording to mentioned above, the European Union, in accordance with the Functioning Agreement, defined through the European regulation of services, services that should make available the common market in each member state of the Union. In addition, the European Union has identified ways of identifying and implementing the services of trust in the market through the adoption of eIDAS regulations, that is, the Regulation on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market No. 910/14Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska have an obligation to adopt legal framework and implement obligations adopted by eIDAS regulations. The Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina defines that all governmental functions and powers not expressly assigned to the institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina are responsibilities of the Entities. Therefore, regulating the electronic services market is the competence of the Entities. Accordingly, the Republic of Srpska has adopted a set of laws that are in line with eIDAS regulations, defining terms that are regulated by eIDAS regulations related to electronic business, electronic identification and trust services.In 2006, Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted the Law on Electronic Signature, using the provisions of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina that everything that the Entities agree on is the competence of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This law does not comply with eIDAS regulations. The paper describes how to apply eIDAS regulations in the Republic of Srpska and presents the situation in the field of application of the European Service Directive, as well as the ways to fully implement eIDAS regulations and exchange information on trust services and certification bodies with the institutions of the European Union and other Member States.

5.5 The institutions of the European Community The Treaty of Rome set up a range of institutions to make the European Community function. The number of institutions has steadily increased in the intervening decades and currently some of the most important and relevant for your purposes are: • the European Parliament; • the European Commission; • the Council of Ministers; • the European Court of Justice; • the Court of Auditors; • the European Central Bank (ECB); • the European Investment Bank (EIB) 5.5.5.1 The European Council (now known as the Council of the European Union) This is an important group and is often confused with the Council of Ministers (and of course the name makes it ripe for confusion with the Council of Europe discussed in 5.4.1.1, above, in relation to the ECHR). The Council of the European Union is made up of the heads of government of Member States with representatives from the Commission of the Union. Whilst such a group has been core in the idea of the Community from the beginning it is not part of the legal or executive institutions of the Union. It is purely composed of those with loyalty to the Member State but desiring to forward their own agenda alongside the Union. They meet twice a year or more if necessary and have the power to agree new treaties. What appears to be happening is that the Council of the European Union is exerting increasing power and influence on the policy of the Union whilst standing outside the institutions. 5.5.5.2 The important law making institutions Several institutions within the EC have essential roles in the law making process either as initiators of legislation or with the authority to make law. You will, of course, learn about these in detail in English legal system, EU and public law courses. The main ones are as follows: • the European Parliament; • the European Commission; • the Council of Ministers; • the European Council; • the ECB. These areas will be covered in detail in specific subjects such as English legal system and constitutional law but they will be discussed briefly and sometimes illustrated with tables or diagrams for two reasons: • to provide a quick overview that will hopefully aid reading set texts covering these areas; and

2012 ◽  
pp. 154-154
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
European Community ◽  
Legal System ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
European Council ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
Law Making

scholarly journals FUTURE IMAGE OF EUROPE: PERSPECTIVES ON THE EU ENLARGEMENT OF SERBIA

ZBORNIK MES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Plazinić ◽  
Mitar Božić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Future ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

The paper aims to explore different outlooks of the future of the European Union, taking into the account EU enlargement project and current negotiations process with Serbia. The analysis focuses on the perspectives from the officials of the European Commission and the Republic of Serbia, as the key actors in the negotiations process of EU memberships of Serbia, as well as the perceptions of the Serbian citizens. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to identify the motives and currents key topics in the negotiations process, which could affect the future image of Europe.

scholarly journals Autonomy of higher education in the European Union: Case C-66/18 European Commission v. Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Radmila Dragišić
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Republic

Aware of the fact that autonomy is an important prerequisite for educational institutions to be able to perform their tasks, in this paper we explore and analyze one of the most interesting cases from the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union in this area. Namely, the European Commission initiated proceedings against the Republic of Hungary for violating the rights of the European Union. The focus is on the Law on Higher Education of that member state, which has caused sharp controversies within the academic community in the countries of the European Economic Area, but also in third countries. Although the work is mostly dedicated to the free movement of services in the field of higher education, we inevitably explore the relationship between European Union law and legal instruments of the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as the views of the Court of Justice regarding their interpretation. The case we are discussing is also important for the status of countries aspiring to become members of the European organization, since the European Parliament adopted a recommendation to include in the Copenhagen criteria for accession the defense and protection of academic freedom and institutional autonomy in order to prevent their endangerment in member states.

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