Social determinants of child trafficking addressed by government and non-government strategies in South and Southeast Asia: an integrative review

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 808-819
Author(s):  
Pragya Gautam Poudel ◽  
Cristina S. Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Child Trafficking ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
The Government

Aims: Child trafficking in South and Southeast Asia is widespread and deeply troubling. While several agencies have initiated anti-child-trafficking interventions, it is unknown whether they address the 21 social determinants of child trafficking identified by Perry and McEwing (2013). The aim of this integrative review was to explore the anti-child-trafficking strategies employed by governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that target the social determinants of child trafficking in South and Southeast Asia, and identify which levels of the socio-ecological model (SEM) they address. Methods: The authors performed a literature search for journal articles and reports by researchers, local or national governments, and international organizations on the prevention of child trafficking in eight South Asian and eight Southeast Asian nations. Identified manuscripts were analyzed to determine which social determinants and socio-ecological levels were addressed by the programs described. Results: Sixteen journal articles and 31 reports from the gray literature were identified. The government and NGO anti-child-trafficking strategies in 16 South and Southeast Asian nations addressed 15 and 12 of the 21 social determinants, respectively. Social determinants at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and policy levels of SEM were addressed, but failed to address the organizational level. Conclusions: The gravity of child trafficking necessitates that interventions address all of the 21 social determinants of child trafficking at all levels of the SEM. The authors found no account on any anti-child-trafficking intervention from four South Asian and five Southeast Asian nations. Dissemination and continuous evaluation of anti-trafficking interventions are warranted.

South Asian and Southeast Asian Ideologies

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochana Bajpai ◽  
Carlo Bonura
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
Comparative Inquiry ◽  
Postcolonial Politics

The chapter examines how transnational currents of political thought and national ideological formations are intertwined, in the context of South and Southeast Asia. Focusing on trajectories of liberalism; communism; nationalism; religious ideologies; and ideologies of race, indigenity, and caste, it suggests that ideology constitutes an important terrain for analysing the dynamics of colonial and postcolonial politics. Rather than provide an exhaustive survey, this chapter seeks to diagnose the broad contours of the principal ideological fields across the regions and establish a basis for further comparative inquiry. The conclusion notes the absence of the theme of ideology in the scholarship on South and Southeast Asian politics, regions which are themselves products of ideology.

scholarly journals Postcolonial International Law Discourses on Regional Developments in South and Southeast Asia

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane A. Desierto
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
International Legal Order ◽  
International Legal System

The development of international law in South and Southeast Asia exemplifies myriad ideological strands, historical origins, and significant contributions to contemporary international law doctrines’ formative and codification processes. From the beginnings of South and Southeast Asian participation in the international legal order, international law discourse from these regions has been thematicallypostcolonialand substantivelydevelopment-oriented.Postcolonialism in South and Southeast Asian conceptions of international law is an ongoing dialectical project of revisioning international legal thought and its normative directions — towards identifying, collocating, and applying South and Southeast Asian values and philosophical traditions alongside the Euro-American ideologies that, since the classical Post-Westphalian era, have largely infused the content of positivist international law. Of increasing necessity to the intricacies of the postmodern international legal system and its institutions is how the postcolonial project of South and Southeast Asian international legal discourse focuses on areas of international law that create the most urgent development consequences: trade, investment, and the international economic order; the law of the sea and the environment; international humanitarian law, self-determination, socio-economic and cultural human rights.

From Manuscript to Print in South and Southeast Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Emmrich
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
The Other ◽  
Printing Press ◽  
Manuscript Culture ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
Textual Practice ◽  
Local Solutions ◽  
Library Catalogue ◽  
The Relationship

The historical shift from manuscript to print is only one aspect of the relationship between the two media, yet it has attracted the most attention. Influential media historiographies have either stressed or downplayed the degrees to which this particular change impacted textual practice in Asia. Playing one medium against the other, however, hinders our understanding of how print and manuscript have been shaping each other since the emergence of Buddhism. A broadened understanding of print that comprises early dhāraṇī estampage and later Chinese and Tibetan block prints, as well as the European printing press, shows that technological innovations in the reproduction, preservation, and distribution of writing spread out of and moved back into parts of South and Southeast Asia, recurring in multiple waves and in diverse forms, with differing local solutions defying attempts at a comprehensive media-centric periodization. Clay as the earliest preserved medium for the printed reproduction of Buddhist texts was replaced by paper as South Asian Buddhism spread northwest into Central and East Asia, impacting script cultures in Vietnam and Tibet and facilitating a division of labor which ensured that prints resembled manuscripts and manuscript came to dominate entire genres and social niches in the economy of the book. In the southern Himalayas, Tibetan block print and South Asian manuscript culture intermingled freely, even after the introduction of the European printing press, with Western print in isolated but striking cases upholding the prestige and supporting the ongoing reproduction of manuscripts. Similarly, in Sri Lanka and Thailand it was the colonial impact of print that led to a retooling and reevaluation of manuscripts as the key commodity through which to justify publishing and archiving efforts at the service of the project to build the nation-state, leading to the emergence of a new genre in South Asia, the library catalogue. Burma and Cambodia, with their interrupted trajectories toward Buddhist nationhood, saw interplay between manuscript, print, and epigraphy, in one case, and the detachment from the larger Thai manuscript lineage by the creation of a new mixed manuscript and print tradition in the other. More recent Buddhist traditions never experienced any of the passages from manuscript to print, emerging in a textual environment entirely constituted by the European printing press. Yet, in this and in the general contemporary Buddhist environment too, the manuscript persists in novel forms, either as a preliminary stage in the ontogenesis of any published or unpublished material or in the myriad instances in which jotting down on slips of paper contributes to the organization of the Buddhist everyday.

The Ambivalent Alliance between Beijing and Jakarta

2019 ◽  
pp. 132-151
Author(s):  
Taomo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
West Java ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Ethnic Chinese ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
The Government ◽  
A Chain

This chapter explores Beijing's strategic collaborations with Jakarta through the second Afro-Asia Conference, the Game of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO), and konfrontasi—Indonesia's campaign to block Britain's plan to merge the remains of its former Southeast Asian colonies into the Federation of Malaysia. However, closer bilateral relations failed to prevent anti-Chinese riots in Indonesia. In May 1963, shortly after Liu Shaoqi's historic visit to Indonesia, which was the first visit by a head of state of the People's Republic of China, a chain of anti-Chinese riots broke out in West Java. Unlike the government-led anti-Chinese acts in 1959–60, the attacks against ethnic Chinese in 1963 were eruptions of popular discontent sparked by economic conditions. Meanwhile, the two countries' common struggle against the Western imperialist presence in Southeast Asia led to new discord. Beijing and Jakarta clashed over policies toward the ethnic Chinese in Malaya, the Chinese-dominated Communist guerillas in Sarawak, and the Chinese-majority country of Singapore.

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