scholarly journals Changes in alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Bente-Marie Ihlen ◽  
Arvid Amundsen ◽  
Liv Trønnes ◽  
Hans Andreas Sande
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Biological Markers ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Maternity Ward ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: to chart the use of alcohol and tobacco during pregnancy. Design: prospective study. Setting: outpatient clinic at a major hospital in Oslo at the time of 17th week ultrasound examination and the maternity ward at the time of delivery. Subjects: representative sample of pregnant women in the Oslo area. Main outcome measures: interview at 17th week of pregnancy, questionnaire at time of birth, biological markers for tobacco and alcohol. Results: Alcohol consumption decreased significantly, mainly among women with low levels of consumption. Use of tobacco showed a relatively stable tendency during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Polytobacco use among a nationally-representative sample of black high school students

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamika D. Gilreath ◽  
Derek T. Dangerfield ◽  
Francisco A. Montiel Ishino ◽  
Ashley V. Hill ◽  
Renee M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Abstract Background Studies of the patterns of polytobacco use have increased. However, understanding the patterns of using multiple tobacco products among Black adolescents is minimal. This study identified the patterns of polytobacco use among U.S. Black adolescents. Methods Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of adolescent polytobacco use among a representative sample of Black youth from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 2782). Ever and recent (past 30 day) use of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, cigars, and dip or chewing tobacco were used as latent class indicators. Multinomial regression was conducted to identify the association if smoking adjusting for sex, age, grade, and marijuana use. Results Most students were in the 9th grade (29%), e-cigarette users (21%) and were current marijuana users (25%). Three profiles of tobacco use were identified: Class 1: Non-smokers (81%), Class 2: E-cigarette Users (14%), and Class 3: Polytobacco Users (5%). Black adolescent Polytobacco users were the smallest class, but had the highest conditional probabilities of recent cigarette use, e-cigarette use, ever smoking cigars or chewing tobacco. Ever and current use of marijuana were associated with increased odds of being in the e-cigarette user versus non-smoker group, and current marijuana use was associated with increased odds of polytobacco use (aOR = 24.61, CI = 6.95–87.11). Conclusions Findings suggests the need for targeted interventions for reducing tobacco use and examining the unique effects of polytobacco use on Black adolescents. Findings confirm a significant association of marijuana use with tobacco use.

Smoking, alcohol consumption, body fatness, and risk of myelodysplastic syndromes: a prospective study

2021 ◽  
pp. 106593
Author(s):  
Harindra Jayasekara ◽  
Robert J. MacInnis ◽  
Surender Juneja ◽  
Julie K. Bassett ◽  
Fiona Bruinsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndromes ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
A Prospective Study

scholarly journals Clinical Significance of Gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase Combined with Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin for the Assessment of Excessive Alcohol Consumption in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis

Medicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Akihiko Shibamoto ◽  
Tadashi Namisaki ◽  
Junya Suzuki ◽  
Takahiro Kubo ◽  
Satoshi Iwai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Biological Markers ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽  
Serum Total Bilirubin ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

: Background: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GTP) to assess the single and combined benefits of these biological markers for the detection of chronic excessive alcohol consumption in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Methods: Biological markers were determined in blood samples from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (drinking group, n = 35; nondrinking group, n = 81). The prediction accuracy of %CDT alone, γ-GTP alone, and their combination for the detection of excessive alcohol consumption was determined in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Results: Serum total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-GTP, and alkaline phosphatase levels and %CDT were significantly higher and serum albumin levels were significantly lower in the drinking group than in the nondrinking group. The combination of %CDT and γ-GTP compared with %CDT or γ-GTP alone showed a higher prediction accuracy. The combination of %CDT and γ-GTP exhibited a higher specificity than γ-GTP alone. However, in terms of sensitivity, no significant difference was found between single or combined markers. Conclusions: The combination of %CDT and γ-GTP is considered a useful biomarker of chronic excessive alcohol consumption in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption and cause-specific mortality in Cuba: prospective study of 120 623 adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 100692
Author(s):  
Nurys B. Armas Rojas ◽  
Ben Lacey ◽  
Daniel Martin Simadibrata ◽  
Stephanie Ross ◽  
Patricia Varona-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Specific Mortality

A Prospective Study of Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umed A Ajani ◽  
William G Christen ◽  
Joann E Manson ◽  
Robert J Glynn ◽  
Debra Schaumberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
A Prospective Study

A Prospective Study of Free Bilirubin and Other Risk Factors in the Development of Kernicterus in Premature Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy A. Ritter ◽  
John D. Kenny ◽  
H. James Norton ◽  
Arnold J. Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Total Bilirubin Level ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Clinical Applicability ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
A Prospective Study

To assess the value of free bilirubin (FB) measurements in predicting kernicterus (KI) in sick premature infants, 91 newborns weighing less than 1,500 gm at birth were observed during the first week of life with twice daily FB and total bilirubin determinations. Autopsies were performed on 30 of the 53 infants who died. Seven had KI and 23 did not. There were no differences between infants with and without KI in the maximum FB level (KI 18.2 ± 4.5 [SEM] nm/liter, no KI 11.1 ± 0.9 nm/liter, P not significant) or the total bilirubin level (KI 7.3 ± 1.3 mg/100 ml, no KI 6.1 ± 0.5 mg/100 ml, P not significant). In fact, three kernicteric infants had very low maximum FB levels (<10 nm/liter). These three infants had prolonged episodes of acidosis, hypoxemia, or hypothermia during the 24 hours preceding their maximum level of FB. Although elevated levels of FB may be predictive of KI in some infants, other factors may make the blood-brain barrier more permeable to low levels of FB. This may limit the clinical applicability of FB measurements.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document