scholarly journals Political Culture and Treatment Strategies in the Nordic Countries

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 240-252
Author(s):  
Jan E. Grindheim
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Nordic Country ◽  
Methadone Treatment ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Strong Control

Taking as a point of departure Mary Douglas' grid-group analysis, elaborated on by Aaron Wildavsky in his cultural theory, the article explores the variations in the development of methadone treatment programmes in the Nordic countries from the mid-1960's to the mid-1990's. In Sweden, the first Nordic country to start an organized treatment of heroin addicts with methadone in 1966, the strategy has been characterized by many rules and strong control. In Denmark, methadone treatment was introduced in the late 1960's, and it has been characterized by few rules and weak control. In Norway, methadone treatment was banned in 1979, after some years of occasional experiments. But the spread of HIV among intravenous heroin addicts altered the attitudes and a small and highly regulated program was set up in the beginnings of the 1990's. In Finland, the attitude has been reserved, primarily due to the small population of heroin addicts. The organized treatment in the 1970's was limited, and still is, as it was set up again in 1995. In spite of the differences, however, there are two main patterns of harmonization that should be noticed. Firstly, as a result of HIV, regulated programmes have been developed in all four countries in the 1990's. Secondly, the prevailing abstinence-oriented philosophy has been questioned and supplemented by harm-reducing measures. Today, there is a stronger tendency to treat drug addicts as clients in the Nordic welfare state, entitled to individual treatment in the countries' general health and welfare systems.

Aggressive responding of male heroin addicts under methadone treatment: psychometric and neuroendocrine correlates

2001 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Gerra ◽  
Amir Zaimovic ◽  
Maria Augusta Raggi ◽  
Francesca Giusti ◽  
Roberto Delsignore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Treatment ◽  
Heroin Addicts

scholarly journals Group Analytic Methods Beyond the Clinical Setting—Working with Researcher–Managers

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Mowles
Keyword(s):  
Group Analysis ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Analytic Thinking ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Professional Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Management Scholarship

Group analytic scholars have a long history of thinking about organizations and taking up group analytic concepts in organizational contexts. Many still aspire to being more of a resource to organizations given widespread organizational change processes which provoke great upheaval and feelings of anxiety. This article takes as a case study the experience of running a professional management research doctorate originally set up with group analytic input to consider some of the adaptations to thinking and methods which are required outside the clinical context. The article explores what group analysis can bring to management, but also what critical management scholarship can bring to group analysis. It considers some of the organizational difficulties which the students on the doctoral programme have written about, and discusses the differences and limitations of taking up group analytic thinking and practice in an organizational research setting.

scholarly journals MODERN TRENDS OF BASIC RESEARCH IN PATHOGENESIS OF PROGRESSIVE MYOPIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
E. N. Iomdina ◽  
E. P. Tarutta
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Progressive Myopia ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
And Control

The growing prevalence of progressive myopia and its disabling consequences explains the elaboration of reliable diagnostic markers and new treatment strategies based on the research results of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of the condition. The paper reviews recent basic pathogenetic research studies which have greatly broadened the awareness of the deep causes of progressive myopia associated with the activity of certain growth factors, local and systemic protein metabolism, and regulation of hormonal and neural processes. Practical clinical guidelines for new criteria of diagnosis and control of myopia are published as they could be useful while selecting individual treatment plans including indications to sclera-strengthening therapy and its evaluation. The results may be promising in the elaboration of systemic and local medications for the prevention of myopia progression, which should address the regulation of connective tissue disorders, hormonal shifts, and imbalanced autonomic nervous system. 

scholarly journals Complex laboratory investigations in occupational respiratory diseases

2008 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
L. A. Ivanova ◽  
M. N. Gorizontova ◽  
Yu. V. Statsenko ◽  
I. V. Babenko ◽  
G. M. Vologzhanina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bronchial Epithelium ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Brush Biopsy ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Bronchial Mucus ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
Quartz Dust

Results of complex laboratory examination of 103 patients with dust related bronchitis caused by exposure of various industrial dusts, 22 patients with pneumoconiosis and 12 subjects not having respiratory pathology and not exposed to quartz dust or any other occupational hazards are presented in this article. Laboratory examination included morphological investigations of sputum and bronchial brush biopsy specimens, cytochemical characterization of bronchial ciliated epithelium and blood cells, and bacteriological and serological investigations of bronchial mucus. Our results demonstrated that morphological lesions of bronchial epithelium cells leading to their death followed cell dysfunction, disorders of enzyme activity, hypoxemia, predominance of Haemophilus influenzae in microflora, and significant inflammatory and allergic response in blood. These changes were found in different clinical stages of dust related bronchitis and pneumoconiosis. The findings obtained are of great importance for understanding pathogenic mechanisms of dust related lung diseases as well as from clinical point of view such as diagnosis and development of individual treatment strategies.

Treatment strategies for protein-losing enteropathy in Fontan-palliated patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-709
Author(s):  
Anastasia Schleiger ◽  
Stanislav Ovroutski ◽  
Björn Peters ◽  
Stephan Schubert ◽  
Joachim Photiadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Transplantation ◽  
Fontan Procedure ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Interventional Treatment ◽  
Vasodilator Therapy ◽  
Protein Losing Enteropathy ◽  
Pulmonary Vasodilator

AbstractObjective:Protein-losing enteropathy is an infrequent but severe condition occurring after Fontan procedure. The multifactorial pathogenesis remains unclear and no single proposed treatment strategy has proven universally successful. Therefore, we sought to describe different treatment strategies and their effect on clinical outcome and mortality.Material and Methods:We performed a retrospective observational study. From the total cohort of 439 Fontan patients treated in our institution during the study period 1986–2019, 30 patients (6.8%) with protein-losing enteropathy were identified. Perioperative, clinical, echocardiographic, laboratory, and invasive haemodynamic findings and treatment details were analysed.Results:Median follow-up after disease onset was 13.1 years [interquartile range 10.6]. Twenty-five patients received surgical or interventional treatment for haemodynamic restrictions. Medical treatment, predominantly pulmonary vasodilator and/or systemic anti-inflammatory therapy with budesonide, was initiated in 28 patients. In 15 patients, a stable remission could be achieved by medical or surgical procedures (n = 3 each), by combined multimodal therapy (n = 8), or ultimately by cardiac transplantation (n = 1). Phrenic palsy, bradyarrhythmia, Fontan pathway stenosis, and absence of a fenestration were significantly associated with development of protein-losing enteropathy (p = 0.001–0.48). Ten patients (33.3%) died during follow-up; 5-year survival estimate was 96.1%. In unadjusted analysis, medical therapy with budesonide and pulmonary vasodilator therapy in combination was associated with improved survival.Conclusions:Protein-losing enteropathy is a serious condition limiting survival after the Fontan procedure. Comprehensive assessment and individual treatment strategies are mandatory to achieve best possible outcome. Nevertheless, relapse is frequent and long-term mortality substantial. Cardiac transplantation should be considered early as treatment option.

scholarly journals PO 8719 INTRODUCING A NEW AFRICA MENINGITIS NETWORK – A NORTH-SOUTH COLLABORATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A63.1-A63
Author(s):  
Mosepele Mosepele ◽  
Cecilia Kanyama ◽  
David Meya ◽  
Fiona Cresswell ◽  
Timothee Chammard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Cns Infections ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundCentral nervous system infections, including meningitis, continue to cause significant morbidity in Africa. HIV has contributed to the epidemiology of CNS infections in this setting. Notable advances in the study of CNS infections by several groups have demonstrated the utility of new diagnostic strategies and impact of novel treatment strategies. However, efforts to coordinate meningitis research in Africa, and between Africa and the rest of the world remain very limited.MethodsIn a bid to promote a coordinated study of CNS infections across Africa, and in collaboration with other meningitis groups globally, the researchers of the AMBITION study (High Dose Ambisome on a Fluconazole Backbone for Cryptococcal Meningitis Induction Therapy in Sub-saharan Africa: A Randomised Controlled Non-inferiority Trial) are leveraging the EDCTP support for the AMBITION trial to set up an Africa Meningitis Trials Network.ResultsThe Africa Meningitis Trials Network (AMNET) was launched in Malawi in early 2018. Main achievements since the launch of the network, include an internal review of meningitis research across network sites and launch of the network website. The network also has two study protocols pending ethics review at all sites. These studies will provide much needed information on resources available for meningitis care, research and provide a baseline epidemiology of meningitis in Africa.ConclusionAMNET provides a rare opportunity for investigators interested in meningitis research to leverage the ongoing AMBITION trial to conduct Africa-wide preliminary research on meningitis. The network is recruiting additional members in Africa and globally to collaborate on meningitis research, and also apply for research funding to support meningitis work. Anyone interested in knowing more about the network should contact the AMNET communications officer, Ms Phum’lani Machao, [email protected]

Methadone Treatment of Heroin Addicts

JAMA ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 219 (7) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
Robert A. Maslansky
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Treatment ◽  
Heroin Addicts

scholarly journals Communication as a moral vocation: Safe space and freedom of speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
David W. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Safe Spaces ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Set Up ◽  
A Site ◽  
The University

The use of safe spaces in universities has become increasingly controversial over the last few years. Safe spaces are set up to offer an environment in which marginalised identities and hidden experiences can be given a voice, allowing for acceptance and affirmation. Their critics charge that they are at odds with the university as a site of debate; that their use has a chilling effect on free speech; and even that safe spaces are harmful to liberal democratic society itself. This article draws on social and cultural theory in order to counter these attacks on safe spaces. Working with Max Weber, Judith Butler and Emmanuel Levinas, the first section introduces the idea of communication as a moral vocation, calling for greater recognition of the need to balance the universal (freedom of speech) with a responsibility to hear voices that are not already amplified. Building on this, and drawing additionally on Jacques Derrida and Sara Ahmed, the second section introduces the idea of debate fetishism, which serves to negate the moral function of communication, naturalise the dominance of privileged voices, and neutralise the struggles of the struggling to be heard. It is concluded that safe spaces pose no threat to freedom of speech but that the stigmatisation of their use acts to further disadvantage underrepresented identities.

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