scholarly journals Is Self-Sacrificial Competitive Altruism Primarily a Male Activity?

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 147470491201000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis T. McAndrew ◽  
Carin Perilloux
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Altruistic Behavior ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Group Problem ◽  
Group Problem Solving ◽  
Competitive Altruism ◽  
Male Activity ◽  
Monetary Success ◽  
Experimental Partner ◽  
Cold Stressor

This study explored the basis of self-sacrificial prosocial behavior in small groups. Seventy-eight undergraduates (39M, 39F) filled out a thirty-item personality scale and then participated in a “group problem-solving study” in which the monetary success of a three-person group depended upon one of its members volunteering to endure pain (a cold stressor test) and inconvenience (being soaked in a dunk tank). There were 13 groups consisting of two females and one male, and 13 groups consisting of two males and one female. Across groups, the behavior of the altruist was judged to be more costly, challenging, and important and he/she was liked better, rewarded with more money, and preferred as a future experimental partner. Groups containing two males showed more evidence of competition to become altruists than groups containing two females, and personality traits were more effective predictors of altruistic behavior in males than in females. We conclude that competition between males and “showing off” are key factors in triggering self-sacrificial altruistic behavior.

Learning Disabled Children's Peer Interactions during a Small-Group Problem-Solving Task

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanis Bryan ◽  
Mavis Donahue ◽  
Ruth Pearl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Peer Interactions ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Group Problem ◽  
Group Problem Solving ◽  
Problem Solving Task

Learning disabled children in grades three through eight participated in a problem-solving task requiring group decision making. An analysis of group choices indicated that the independently made choices of learning disabled children were less likely to be among the group's final choices. Analyses of the children's communication patterns revealed that learning disabled children were less likely to disagree with classmates, less likely to try to argue for their choices, and more likely to agree with their peers. In addition, learning disabled children were found to be less likely to engage in “conversational housekeeping” than nondisabled children. Hence, learning disabled children were less persuasive than nondisabled children, apparently as a result of their assuming a submissive, deferential role when interacting with small groups of peers.

ANALYZING AND DESIGNING THE GROUP COGNITION EXPERIENCE

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 157-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERRY STAHL
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Group Cognition ◽  
Group Problem ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Group Problem Solving ◽  
Groupware Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
It Knowledge ◽  
Collaborative Knowledge ◽  
Online Group

More than we realize it, knowledge is often constructed through interactions among people in small groups. The Internet, by allowing people to communicate globally in limitless combinations, has opened enormous opportunities for the creation of knowledge and understanding. A major barrier today is the poverty of adequate groupware. To design more powerful software that can facilitate the building of collaborative knowledge, we need to better understand the nature of group cognition — the processes whereby ideas are developed by small groups. We need to analyze interaction at both the individual and the group unit of analysis in order to understand the variety of processes that groupware should be supporting. This paper will look closely at an empirical example of an online group problem-solving experience and suggest implications for groupware design.

Group Problem Solving

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 519-519
Author(s):  
MARVIN E. SHAW
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Group Problem ◽  
Group Problem Solving

PERBEDAAN PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA MATERI TERMOKIMIA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN GROUP DAN INDIVIDUAL PROBLEM SOLVING

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
St Fatimah Azzahra
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Problem ◽  
Group Problem ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Group Problem Solving

ABSTRACTThis research is aimed to know the differences increase critical thinking skills through learning group and individual problem solving in thermochemical material. This research uses a quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group design and study sample consisted of 103 students, divided into the first experimental (group problem solving) (35 students), the two group experimental (individual problem solving) (34 students). The collected through pretest-posttest. The analyzed with the Kruskal Wallis test, the results showed that the learning problem solving as a group or individually can improve students’ critical thinking skills. Statistical test there are significant differences in the students critical thinking skills thermochemical material between students who received group and individual problem solving. Critical thinking skills improvement with problem solving individual learning higher compared with group learning problem solving.Keywords: problem solving learning, critical thinking skillsABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa melalui pembelajaran group dan individual problem solving pada materi termokimia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi experimen dengan desain Nonequivalent Control Group Design dan sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 103 siswa yang terbagi ke dalam kelompok eksperimen pertama (pembelajaran group problem solving) (35 siswa), kelompok eksperimen kedua (pembelajaran individual problem solving) (34 siswa).Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pretest-posttest. Data dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal Wallis Test, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran problem solving secara group maupun secara individual dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Data uji statistik, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi termokimia antara siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran group problem solving dan individual problem solving. Peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan pembelajaran individual problem solving lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran group problem solving.Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Problem Solving, Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis

Epistemic Free Riding

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Group Problem ◽  
Group Problem Solving ◽  
Division Of Cognitive Labor ◽  
Group Member

Free riding occurs in the practical domain when some action is rational for each group member to perform but such that when everyone performs that action, it is worse overall for everyone. Dunn argues that some surprising empirical evidence about group problem-solving reveals that groups will often face cases where it is epistemically best for each individual to believe one thing, even though this is ultimately epistemically worse for the group that each member believes in this way. Dunn’s work is thus an extension of work on the division of cognitive labor and ways that group inquiry might differ from individual inquiry.

Sharing of Knowledge and Problem Solving When Teammates Have Diverse Hearing Status

2021 ◽  
pp. 104649642110102
Author(s):  
Michael Stinson ◽  
Lisa B. Elliot ◽  
Carol Marchetti ◽  
Daniel J. Devor ◽  
Joan R. Rentsch
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Postsecondary Students ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Group Problem ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Group Problem Solving ◽  
Complete Problem ◽  
Hearing Status

This study examined knowledge sharing and problem solving in teams that included teammates who were deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). Eighteen teams of four students were comprised of either all deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), all hearing, or two DHH and two hearing postsecondary students who participated in group problem-solving. Successful problem solution, recall, and recognition of knowledge shared by team members were assessed. Hearing teams shared the most team knowledge and achieved the most complete problem solutions, followed by the mixed DHH/hearing teams. DHH teams did not perform as well as the other two types of teams.

scholarly journals The Process and Implication of Inter-Professional Education: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Dewi Prabawati
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Focus Group Interview ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Group Problem ◽  
Group Problem Solving ◽  
Social Networking Website

Background: The practice of inter-professional education (IPE) is expanding rapidly especially in the developing countries.  The goal of IPE is to develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes that result in effective Inter-professional (IP) team behaviors and competency. Therefore, it is essential to understand more about the activity, other professional’s involvement and its implications for nursing students and institutions.Purpose: This paper aimed to review the process and other professional’s involvement in IPE’s nursing education, and describe the implication after implementing IPE for nursing students and institution.Methods: A comprehensive multi-step search of the literature in IPE using ProQuest, EBSCO and Cengage databases was performed. Samples of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria and were used in this study.Results: None of the studies reported findings from developing country, while there were only two studies conducted in Asia. IPE programs utilize a variety of combinations of interactive learning methods, such as group problem solving, focus group interview, social networking (website), and simulated patient or simulated based training (SBT) which is becoming the most common methods employed.  IPE gives benefits for the students, such as improving communication skills, recognizing the role and responsibilities, understanding the value and ethics and also increasing teamwork and team-based care.Conclusion: Despite the limitations, this systematic review found a number of activities and other professionals that can be involved with nursing in the IPE implementation.  It also found out that IPE applied in a variety of clinical settings is well received by the students and enable them to learn the knowledge and skills for collaborative learning.

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