Phrase-Reading Mediates Between Words and Syntax in Struggling Adolescent Readers

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patsy Nomvete ◽  
Susan R. Easterbrooks
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Struggling Readers ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Reading Rate ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Syntactic Awareness ◽  
Adolescent Readers ◽  
Struggling Adolescent Readers ◽  
Positive Significant Correlation ◽  
Passage Reading

The components involved in adolescent reading are complex and not clearly understood in struggling readers. Phrase reading, a language skill associated with prosodic understanding of syntactic phrases, has received little attention. We studied 70 adolescent readers including delayed readers to answer the following questions: (a) Do phrase-reading ability, syntactic awareness, passage-reading rate, and reading comprehension have a positive, significant correlation; (b) Do language-related variables (i.e., phrasing ability, syntactic awareness) account for more of the variance in comprehension than passage-reading rate; (c) Does phrase-reading ability, as measured by phrase-level prosody, provide a mechanism for, or at least partially mediate, how passage-reading rate and syntactic awareness affect reading comprehension? Data were analyzed using hierarchical regression and mediation regression. All answers were affirmative suggesting that researchers studying adolescent struggling readers should investigate prosodic phrasing-reading ability as a tool for improving reading comprehension.

scholarly journals A Synthesis of the Sustainability of Remedial Reading Intervention Effects for Struggling Adolescent Readers

2020 ◽  
pp. 002221942097218
Author(s):  
Johny Daniel ◽  
Philip Capin ◽  
Paul Steinle
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Struggling Readers ◽  
Reading Interventions ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Adolescent Readers ◽  
Struggling Adolescent Readers ◽  
And Control

A majority of reading-related intervention studies aiming to remediate struggling readers’ reading outcomes assess student performance immediately following the conclusion of an intervention to determine intervention effects. Few studies collect follow-up data to measure the long-term sustainability of treatment effects. Hence, the aim of the current synthesis was to examine follow-up intervention effects of reading interventions involving adolescent struggling readers in Grades 6 to 12. Our literature search yielded only 10 studies that reported follow-up data for intervention participants, which highlights the dearth of intervention research that examines sustainability of intervention effects. Of the 10 included studies, the weighted mean effect size for all reading outcome measures was gw = 0.78 at immediate posttest and gw = 0.27 at follow-up, in favor of treatment group students. Although the magnitude of difference between treatment and control groups diminished at follow-up time, a comparison of treatment group students’ immediate posttest and follow-up scores showed that students mostly maintained gains made during intervention at follow-up time points.

The Differential Importance of Component Skills on Reading Comprehension Test Performance Among Struggling Adolescent Readers

2020 ◽  
pp. 002221942093213
Author(s):  
Nathan H. Clemens ◽  
Yu-Yu Hsiao ◽  
Kejin Lee ◽  
Amanda Martinez-Lincoln ◽  
Clinton Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Reading Test ◽  
Adolescent Readers ◽  
Component Skills ◽  
Struggling Adolescent Readers ◽  
Text Reading ◽  
Comprehension Tests ◽  
Reading Comprehension Tests

Reading comprehension tests vary in format and characteristics, which may influence the extent to which component skills are involved in test performance. With students in Grades 6 to 8 with reading difficulties, dominance analyses examined the differential importance of component reading and language skills (word- and text-reading fluency, vocabulary, listening comprehension, and working memory) on several standardized tests of reading comprehension: The Gates-MacGinitie Reading Test, 4th edition (GMRT), Group Reading Assessment and Diagnostic Evaluation, Gray Oral Reading Test, 5th edition (GORT-5), and the Test of Silent Reading Efficiency and Comprehension (TOSREC). Students’ word- and text-reading fluency skills were generally the most dominant predictors of performance on most reading comprehension tests, especially those with a time limit (GMRT and TOSREC). Listening comprehension was most important on the GORT-5, a test in which students read passages orally and listen to questions read by an examiner. Working memory was the least important component skill across the reading comprehension tests. Overall, results were consistent with previous work indicating that reading comprehension measures vary with regard to the skills or knowledge sources that are most important for test performance and extend these findings to struggling adolescent readers. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Syntactic awareness and reading ability: Is there any evidence for a special relationship?

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATE CAIN
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Order Correction ◽  
Special Relationship ◽  
Syntactic Awareness ◽  
Grammatical Knowledge ◽  
Explained Variance

Syntactic awareness has been linked to word reading and reading comprehension. The predictive power of two syntactic awareness tasks (grammatical correction, word-order correction) for both aspects of reading was explored in 8- and 10-year-olds. The relative contributions of vocabulary, grammatical knowledge, and memory to each were assessed. After vocabulary, memory explained variance on the word-order correction task; in contrast, grammatical knowledge explained performance on the grammatical correction task. The relation between syntactic awareness and reading comprehension was mediated by vocabulary, grammatical knowledge, and memory; in contrast, word reading and syntactic awareness shared unique variance not explained by these controls. The implications for how we measure syntactic awareness and its relation with reading ability are discussed.

Gaming to Increase Reading Skills

2016 ◽  
pp. 258-271
Author(s):  
Laura Kieran ◽  
Christine Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Grade Student ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Adolescent Readers ◽  
Instructional Supports ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Struggling Adolescent Readers ◽  
8Th Grade

When considering instructional supports for struggling adolescent readers, Fisher and Ivey (2006) suggested that the interventions be comprehensive, include a variety of authentic reading and writing opportunities, and be based on varied assessment data. The researchers developed a schedule for Maya, an 8th grade student to work on vocabulary and reading comprehension via games that reviewed discreet skills as well as social media per Maya's preferences. The use of technology interventions for Maya allowed her to read, listen to, and think about meaningful texts, while maintaining balance with instruction in skills related to reading for a variety of purposes.

The Cycle of Academic Reading Fear Among Undergraduates

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Noor Hanim Rahmat ◽  
Mazlen Arepin ◽  
Suraiya Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Academic Reading ◽  
Reading Anxiety

This study investigates students' fear in academic reading as well as the influence of perceived difficulties in their reading comprehension. The paper aims to study the level of anxiety as experienced by undergaduate students in academic reading. Data from 25 respondents were analyzed quantitatively using Reading Anxiety Scale (FLRAS) developed by Saito, Horwitz, and Garza (1999). Te objectives of the study are to examine the influence of students' fear and perceived difficulties in academic reading. The findings of this study reveal that factors such as background and culture, general reading ability, vocabulary, grammar as well as teaching method can make readers fear reading. The results of this study bear interesting implications towards the teaching and learning of academic reading in English as a Second Language.

Examining Mindset and Grit in Concurrent and Future Reading Comprehension: A Twin Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly M. Martinez ◽  
LaTasha R Holden ◽  
Sara Ann Hart ◽  
Jeanette Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Potential Intervention ◽  
Comprehension Ability ◽  
Twin Method ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Ability Measure ◽  
Reading Comprehension Ability

Non-cognitive factors have gained attention in recent years as potential intervention targets for academic achievement improvement in students. Two notable facets, intelligence mindset and grit, have been of particular interest. Both have been shown to consistently improve educational outcomes, although little work has focused on reading ability. We used a correlational and twin method design to preliminary test if mindset and grit could be potential intervention targets to increase reading ability. As such, we examined the relation between both grit and mindset on current, future, and change in reading comprehension ability in a twin sample. We used data from 422 twin pairs (171 monozygotic pairs, 251 dizygotic pairs) drawn from the Florida Twin Project on Reading, Behavior and Environment (Taylor et al., 2019). Twins were on average 13 years old when the questionnaire and first reading ability measure were collected, and on average 15 years old when the second reading ability measure was collected. Weak and moderate positive correlations were found between both mindset and grit with each reading ability score and neither were significantly related to change in reading ability. Twin modeling suggested little to no common genetic or environmental influences between mindset and grit to reading ability. In total, our results do not lend support to the notion of mindset or grit being a mechanism of change for reading ability.

Aphasic Performance on Visual Tracking Program

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-346
Author(s):  
Elisabeth H. Wiig ◽  
Patricia H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Visual Tracking ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Silent Reading ◽  
Reading Rate ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Reading Deficits ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

The performance of 9 adult aphasics on a visual tracking program was investigated. The results indicated (1) significant increases in visual tracking rate over an 8-wk. training period, (2) significant increases in performance on tests of silent reading rate and over-all reading ability, and (3) no direct relationships between increases in visual tracking rate and silent reading rate or over-all reading ability. The significant gains observed in perceptual speed and accuracy, silent reading rate, and over-all reading ability indicated that the visual tracking program (Gaeke & Smith, 1962) may contribute significantly to the remediation of reading deficits in aphasia.

scholarly journals Applying Sight Translation as a Means to Enhance Reading Ability of Iranian EFL Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Moslem Fatollahi
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Comprehension Ability ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Iranian Context ◽  
Reading Comprehension Ability

<p>Sight translation is the oral translation of a written text and is a mixture of translation and interpreting. Sight translation is a widely-used activity in translation training programs. Yet, this mode of translation has rarely been applied as a reading instruction technique in Iranian EFL instruction context in spite of the growing interest in using sight translation in language teaching and learning. This study aims at investigating the effect of sight translation on the reading comprehension ability of Iranian undergraduate EFL students. This is a quasi-experimental study involving treatment. To this end, four reading comprehension classes involving 70 learners were divided into two groups, with the experimental one receiving reading instruction with sight translation exercises and the control group receiving reading instruction without sight translation exercises. The posttest results revealed that the experimental group performing sight translation exercises in classroom outperformed the control group who had not engaged in sight translation. This study has implications for ELT instructors and learners in an Iranian context as they can use sight translation exercises as an effective technique for improving the reading comprehension ability of their learners.</p>

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