Examining the Effects of Guidance Symbology, Display Size, and Field of View on Flight Performance and Situation Awareness

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Alexander ◽  
Christopher D. Wickens ◽  
Thomas J. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Display Size ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Flight Performance

Augmented Reality Procedure Assistance System for Operator Training and Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1176-1180
Author(s):  
Eugene Hayden ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
Chengjie Wu ◽  
Shi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Operator Training ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Procedural Tasks ◽  
Speed Accuracy

This study explores the design, implementation, and evaluation of an Augmented Reality (AR) prototype that assists novice operators in performing procedural tasks in simulator environments. The prototype uses an optical see-through head-mounted display (OST HMD) in conjunction with a simulator display to supplement sequences of interactive visual and attention-guiding cues to the operator’s field of view. We used a 2x2 within-subject design to test two conditions: with/without AR-cues, each condition had a voice assistant and two procedural tasks (preflight and landing). An experiment examined twenty-six novice operators. The results demonstrated that augmented reality had benefits in terms of improved situation awareness and accuracy, however, it yielded longer task completion time by creating a speed-accuracy trade-off effect in favour of accuracy. No significant effect on mental workload is found. The results suggest that augmented reality systems have the potential to be used by a wider audience of operators.

scholarly journals A Compact Raster Lensless Microscope Based on a Microdisplay

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5941
Author(s):  
Anna Vilà ◽  
Sergio Moreno ◽  
Joan Canals ◽  
Angel Diéguez
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Display Size ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Pixel Detector ◽  
Measuring Time ◽  
Maximum Resolution ◽  
Single Pixel

Lensless microscopy requires the simplest possible configuration, as it uses only a light source, the sample and an image sensor. The smallest practical microscope is demonstrated here. In contrast to standard lensless microscopy, the object is located near the lighting source. Raster optical microscopy is applied by using a single-pixel detector and a microdisplay. Maximum resolution relies on reduced LED size and the position of the sample respect the microdisplay. Contrarily to other sort of digital lensless holographic microscopes, light backpropagation is not required to reconstruct the images of the sample. In a mm-high microscope, resolutions down to 800 nm have been demonstrated even when measuring with detectors as large as 138 μm × 138 μm, with field of view given by the display size. Dedicated technology would shorten measuring time.

scholarly journals A PINHOLE SUN SENSOR FOR BALLOON-BORNE EXPERIMENT ATTITUDE DETERMINATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350005 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. KOROTKOV ◽  
M.-P. ENGLISH ◽  
G. S. TUCKER ◽  
E. PASCALE ◽  
N. GANDILO
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Determination ◽  
Pinhole Camera ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
Large Aperture ◽  
Sun Sensor ◽  
Position Sensitive

We report on the design, calibration and in-flight performance of a sun sensor, which is used to determine the attitude of a balloon-borne telescope. The device uses a position-sensitive detector (PSD) in a pinhole camera. By determining the position of the image of the Sun on the PSD, the orientation of the sun sensor and the boresight of the telescope relative to the Sun can be determined. The pinhole sun sensor (PSS) was first flown in the December 2010 flight of the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope with Polarization (BLAST-Pol). In flight the PSS achieved an accuracy (combined azimuth and elevation) of about 0.18°. The accuracy could be improved by increasing the distance between the pinhole and the PSD, but the field-of-view of the PSS would be reduced.

Human Factors for Enhancing Live Video Streams with Virtual Reality: Performance, Situation Awareness, and Feeling of Telepresence

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Pongrac ◽  
Jan Leupold ◽  
Stephan Behrendt ◽  
Berthold Färber ◽  
Georg Färber
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Video Streams ◽  
Design Guideline ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Trade Off

Telepresence systems should be designed to assist the human operator as much as possible to fulfill his task. In order to support the user concerning the visual modality, a system was designed that presents virtual reality images combined together with camera images captured at the remote teleoperator environment. In this work, two experiments were conducted. In the first, it was shown that presenting a widened field of view to the human operator enhances the human performance and the feeling of telepresence. In the second, it was examined how the transition between video and virtual views has to be designed. Relevant criteria of this transition were chosen and the results show that the operator's rating of quality, feeling of telepresence, and situation awareness are positively affected by variations of the transition parameters. Furthermore, a trade-off between the rating of quality and the situation awareness was observed. A parameter selection scheme is presented which can serve as a design guideline for combining video and virtual views depending on the desired application.

Line Criteria in Target Acquisition with Television

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Display Size ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Target Size ◽  
Target Acquisition ◽  
Line Number ◽  
Acquisition Performance ◽  
Sensor Field ◽  
Raster Scan

This paper presents a review of experimental data from tests of target acquisition with electro-optical, raster scan systems. These data, as well as equipment parameters such as sensor field of view, system line number, display size, and target size on the display, can be used to estimate target acquisition performance by system operators. The paper lists the equations required to make such performance estimations, and several examples are given. The procedure can be used to compute equipment characteristics required to insure prescribed levels of target acquisition performance.

Attention and Entropy in Simulated Flight with Varying Cognitive Loads

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-495
Author(s):  
Tianjiao Lu ◽  
Zhenshan Lou ◽  
Feng Shao ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Xuqun You
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Subject Experiment

INTRODUCTION: This study is conducted to observe the effects of cognitive load on the visual search and attention allocation strategies of pilots. Research on pilots’ visual search strategies can provide valuable information regarding attention distribution and transformation, as well as useful situation awareness (SA) predictions.METHODS: A total of 18 pilots performed flight tasks in a two-condition (high and low cognitive load) within-subject experiment to compare their flight performance and eye movement indicators. Eye movements were tracked during the flight mission by a portable eye-tracking device.RESULTS: Compared to the low cognitive load task, in the high cognitive load task, the subjects exhibited shorter average fixation times (M = 420.38, SD = 60.56), higher fixation frequencies (M = 2.27, SD = 0.30), and lower saccade frequencies (M = 2.7, SD = 0.31). Their flight performance was better during the low cognitive load task, as evidenced by the lower entropy (M = 0.11, SD = 0.03) of their eye movements. Analysis of fixation time percentages and fixation counts showed that the distribution of attention to each area of interest was adjusted dynamically over the course of the given task.DISCUSSION: Significant differences were observed in both fixation order and fixation frequency across the instrument array. When the cognitive load is high, the subjects used more efficient eye movement patterns and search strategies accompanying a higher level of SA.Lu T, Lou Z, Shao F, Li Y, You X. Attention and entropy in simulated flight with varying cognitive loads. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(6):489–495.

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