Review of Responsive Design Concept Based On Framework Materialize On The Website

Responsive web design is a website design that can adjust each size on each device. Based on the results of several respondents, 60% of respondents agreed that some websites were not able to adjust the display size on the web, 50% of respondents agreed that design affects the convenience factor, 58% of respondents agreed that the main content and functionality of websites that are difficult to access via mobile devices, 53% of respondents agreed that the appearance of a website that was not attractive had a bad effect on the comfort factor of the respondents, 50% of respondents also agreed that the website was not able to adjust the size on every mobile device. From the results of this review, it can be concluded that an unresponsive website greatly affects the inconvenience of users in accessing information through the website.

Floral traits and environmental factors regulate insects visits to flowering plants at night

Flower-visiting insects have co-evolved with flowering-plants. While it has been shown that floral traits and environmental factors influence insects visitations during the day, it is yet unclear how these factors influence insects visitations at night. We sampled a montane meadow located near Jilin in northeastern China in July and August in 2019, 4 nights each month, and two time periods each night. We sampled 94 flower-visiting insect species in total and documented the floral traits and ambient factors. First, focusing on the insects functions, we allocated all insects into three functional groups (pollination, predation, and feeding). We found that most nocturnal insects exhibited predation behavior, and they had the highest species turnover rate. Second, focusing on the environmental factors, we found that ambient temperature and relative humidity strongly influence the diversity of flower-visiting insects. Variation partitioning analysis further suggested that ambient temperature has a stronger effect on the flowering-visiting insects at early night, while the relative humidity has a stronger effect on the flowering-visiting insects at late night. Third, focusing on floral traits, we found that most insects have a preference for flowers with moderately-sized corolla diameters (20 to 30 mm). Furthermore, display size had a strong linear correlation with flowering-visiting insect species richness and frequency of presence. In sum, our findings suggest that ambient temperature, relative humidity, and floral display size strongly regulate nocturnal flower-visiting insects.

A Compact Raster Lensless Microscope Based on a Microdisplay

Lensless microscopy requires the simplest possible configuration, as it uses only a light source, the sample and an image sensor. The smallest practical microscope is demonstrated here. In contrast to standard lensless microscopy, the object is located near the lighting source. Raster optical microscopy is applied by using a single-pixel detector and a microdisplay. Maximum resolution relies on reduced LED size and the position of the sample respect the microdisplay. Contrarily to other sort of digital lensless holographic microscopes, light backpropagation is not required to reconstruct the images of the sample. In a mm-high microscope, resolutions down to 800 nm have been demonstrated even when measuring with detectors as large as 138 μm × 138 μm, with field of view given by the display size. Dedicated technology would shorten measuring time.

Smartphone display size can influence perceptual judgments

Classic research in perception has suggested that visual context can impact how individuals perceive object characteristics like physical size. The current set of studies extends this work to an applied setting by examining whether smartphone display size can impact the perception of objects presented on smartphones. Participants viewed several target items, on two different sized virtual device displays based on actual consumer devices and were asked to make simple judgments of the size of presented objects. Results from both experiments confirm that display size impacts perceived size, such that larger displays cause users to significantly underestimate the size of objects moreso than smaller displays. This is the first study to confirm such an effect, and suggests that beyond aesthetics or cost, one’s personal choice of device might have additional performance consequences.

Examining Potential User Experience Trade-Offs Between Common Computer Display Configurations

Objective To determine how ultrawide (UW) and dual displays configurations can influence neck biomechanics and performance compared to a single display. Background Studies have assessed neck kinematics and performance when using dual displays, but these studies have used screen sizes smaller than today’s display size, have inconsistent participant placement, and few have assessed these two variables together. Methods Seventeen participants completed five tasks on six display configurations. Neck kinematics and performance were tracked for each configuration. Results Centered configurations produced significantly different median neck rotation angles compared to secondary configurations ( p < .001) for three of the tasks. A 34” curved UW display with a longer viewing distance produced similar neck kinematics to a single 24” display with the potential to also reduce screen interactions. When compared to single, the benefit of secondary versus centered monitors was dependent on the type of task being performed. Users may prefer the UW, centered dual, and secondary dual configurations over the single display. Conclusion The benefit of secondary versus centered displays is dependent on the type of task being performed. Dual displays are still beneficial but should be used with a monitor arm to switch between centered and secondary configurations as necessary. Future work should look at larger UW displays to see if these results hold compared to dual display configurations. Application The results can be used to make evidence-based guidelines for displays based on size and task. Researchers can use this information to design future studies looking at specific configurations.

Selection for two different mating systems in Aquilegia canadensis

Because plants are sessile, they depend on biotic and/or abiotic vectors to transfer pollen from the male pollen-producing anthers to the female pollen-receiving stigmas. As a result, plant mating systems evolve through selection on the floral traits that influence how much pollen is transferred from anthers to stigmas within flowers (self-pollination) vs. between flowers on different individuals (outcrossing). Thus, mating systems are influenced by the traits that dictate the relative abundance of self-versus outcrossed pollen on stigmas. Spatial separation between anthers and stigmas within flowers (herkogamy) is expected to regulate self-pollination yet there are few estimates of how natural selectin acts on this trait. Aquilegia canadensis (columbine, Ranunculaceae) is a short-lived herbaceous plant of rocky outcrops throughout eastern North America that makes seed through both self-fertilization which is influenced by herkogamy, and outcrossing, which is likely influenced by the plant’s floral display size (flower number and size). Selfing provides reproductive assurance in natural populations of columbine, whereas outcrossing appears to produce much fitter offspring, and there is a trade-off between thes two components of the mating system. We, therefore, predicted correlational selection between herkogamy and display size: selection would favour reduced herkogamy among individuals with small floral displays (to enhance reproductive assurance) and increased herkogamy among individuals with large floral displays (to reduce selfing when outcrossing is likely). We tested this prediction by using multivariate linear regression to estimate phenotypic selection through seeds/fruit and seeds/plant on floral traits and plant size for 1015 plants from nine populations of A. canadensis at the Queen’s University Biological Station. Although we detected positive direction selection on display size mostly through flower number, we did not detect selection on herkogamy or correlational selection between herkogamy and display size. As expected, large size is universally favoured yet selection of floral morphology is weak.

A Search Advantage for Horizontal Targets in Dynamic Displays

Several lines of evidence point to the existence of a visual processing advantage for horizontal over vertical orientations. We investigated whether such a horizontal advantage exists in the context of top-down visual search. Inspired by change detection studies, we created displays where a dynamic target -- a horizontal or a vertical group of five dots that changed contrast synchronously -- was embedded within a randomly flickering grid of dots. The display size (total dots) varied across trials, and the orientation of the target was constant within interleaved blocks. As expected, search was slow and inefficient. Importantly, participants were almost a second faster finding horizontal compared to vertical targets. They were also more efficient and more accurate during horizontal search. Such findings establish that the attentional templates thought to guide search for known targets can exhibit strong orientation anisotropies. We discuss possible underlying mechanisms and how these might be explored in future studies.