Comprehension of Over-the-Counter Drug Label Warnings Concerning Consumption of Acetaminophen and Alcohol

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1540-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deane B. Cheatham ◽  
Michael S. Wogalter
Keyword(s):  
Drug Label ◽  
Over The Counter

Age differences in search time for two over-the-counter (OTC) drug label formats

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina C. Mendat ◽  
Aaron M. Watson ◽  
Christopher B. Mayhorn ◽  
Michael S. Wogalter
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Drug Label ◽  
Over The Counter

scholarly journals Impact of a pilot community pharmacy system redesign on reducing over-the-counter medication misuse in older adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Gilson ◽  
Jamie A. Stone ◽  
Ashley O. Morris ◽  
Roger L. Brown ◽  
Ka Z Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Drug Label ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Medication Misuse ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario

AbstractObjectivesThis pilot study examines effectiveness of an innovative pharmacy design change on over-the-counter (OTC) medication misuse in older adults (ages ≥65). Few interventions have attempted to decrease older adult OTC misuse, and none have addressed system barriers. A structural redesign of the pharmacy (the Senior Section™) was conceptualized to increase awareness of higher-risk OTC medications. The Senior Section contains a curated selection of OTC medications (for pain, cough/cold, allergy, sleep) and is close to the prescription department to facilitate pharmacy staff/patient engagement to reduce misuse.MethodsA pre-/post-implementation design was used to recruit 87 older adults from three pharmacies. Using a hypothetical scenario, participants selected an OTC medication, which was compared to their medication list and health conditions, and their reported use was compared against the product labeling. Four misuse outcomes were determined: (1) Drug/Drug, (2) Drug/Disease, (3) Drug/Age, and (4) Drug/Label with five sub-types. Patient characteristics were collected and compiled into a propensity-score matching logistic regression model to estimate their effects on the Senior Section’s association with misuse outcomes at pre-/post-implementation.ResultsPatient characteristic were uniform between pre-/post-implementation and, once entered into a propensity-score matching model, Drug/Disease Misuse significantly lessened over time (z=-2.09, p=0.037). The Senior Section reduced Drug/Drug Misuse, but not significantly. Drug/Label Misuse varied according to the sub-type, with reduced Daily-Dosage (z=-2.42, p=0.016) and Single-Dosage misuse (z=-5.82, p=0.001); however, Timing/Frequency misuse increased (z=2.16, p=0.031).ConclusionsThese nascent outcomes support a well-conceived pharmacy-based OTC aisles redesign as valuable for reducing older adult OTC medication misuse. The Senior Section, when broadly implemented, would create new permanent structures and processes to assist older adults in accessing risk information for confidently selecting safer OTC medications.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, beliefs and use of over the counter drug products among medical undergraduates

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1358
Author(s):  
Mamta Rani ◽  
M. C. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
General Information ◽  
Drug Label ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Medical Undergraduates ◽  
Day By Day

Background: Over the counter (OTC) drug products are available without prescription and considered safe, effective, affordable and easily accessible. Among medical students use of OTCs and even prescription drugs available as OTCs is increasing day by day. The objective of the study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and beliefs about OTCs, their use, safety and regulatory issues of OTCs among medical undergraduates.Methods: A questionnaire-based study was conducted and 151 medical students participated in this study. A preformed and validated questionnaire consisting of 2 parts was used. Part 1 consisted of general information regarding OTCs and Part 2 consisted information about knowledge, attitude, beliefs and use of OTCs. Data were analyzed and the results were expressed as percentages.Results: 100% participating students were aware about OTCs. 70% used them a lot because of availability and belief on safety. Chemist was a good source of advice over minor medical problems according to 38% of students. Information to be read on drug label was known to 62.5% of them. Affordability and accessibility (84%) was the main reason for OTCs use. Common medications bought without prescription were antibiotics, antihistaminics (100%) and cough syrups (90%). Headache and fever (100%), acidity (91%) were common indications for OTC use. Common OTCs stored at home were painkiller, antacids and skin care products.Conclusions: All students though were aware of OTCs but had little knowledge of regulation and usage. Many prescription drugs were also available as OTCs. Medical students need to be educated and trained about OTCs and the related issues. 

Age Differences in Search Time for Two Over-Thecounter (OTC) Drug Label Formats

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina C. Mendat ◽  
Aaron M. Watson ◽  
Christopher B. Mayhorn ◽  
Michael S. Wogalter
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drug Label ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Younger Adults

This study compared older and younger adults' knowledge acquisition and search times for information on older and newer over-the-counter (OTC) drug label formats. The results showed that younger adults were faster than older adults. The younger group performed significantly faster with the newer formatted labels than the older formatted labels, whereas the older adults yielded no difference between the two formats. Potential directions for future research are discussed.

The cognitive and linguistic demands of everyday, functional literacy tasks

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheida White
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Drug Label ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Functional Literacy ◽  
Common Task ◽  
Psychometric Analyses ◽  
Linguistic Demand

After examining seminal research related to functional literacy and the national assessments of adult literacy, seven key cognitive and linguistic demands are proposed that everyday literacy tasks (e.g. reading a drug label) make: read words, comprehend sentences, search text, identify computations, perform computations, infer meaning, and apply information. The distinctiveness of the five non-quantitative task demands and their progression in difficulty were subjected to verification via independent psychometric analyses using 252 functional literacy tasks and responses of 46,000 adults aged 16 and older residing in households and prisons in the United States. The results of multidimensional item respond theory (MIRT) modeling indicate delineation among three sets of task demands. Findings are illustrated through application to a common task involving an over-the-counter drug label. Keywords: adult literacy; cognitive demand; functional literacy; linguistic demand; health literacy; over-the-counter drug labels

scholarly journals Consumers’ Perceptions About Pharmaceutical Care Provided by Community Pharmacists in China in Relation to Over-the-Counter Drugs: A Qualitative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 004695801879329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen ◽  
Carolina Oi Lam Ung ◽  
Peilian Chi ◽  
Jihong Wu ◽  
Daisheng Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Drug Label ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Otc Drugs ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

While patient-centered care is highly anticipated nowadays, investigation of consumers’ perceptions and expectations about pharmacist’s pharmaceutical care when providing over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is sparse. This article aimed to explore consumers’ perceptions regarding the pharmaceutical care that community pharmacists provide in relation to OTC drugs. Semistructured interviews were conducted with consumers recruited (N = 97) in Yinchuan City, China. The 4 main themes that emerged were expectations on pharmaceutical care, attitude toward pharmacist’s competence, experience of self-medication, and suggestions for improving pharmaceutical care. Most participants had high expectations on community pharmacists to recommend the right medicines, to advise them about the effective use of drug, to advise them about the safe use of drug, and to recommend economic drugs. However, their previous experiences at community pharmacy were far from satisfaction reportedly, leading to a general distrust in pharmacist’s certification and qualification, knowledge, communication skills, and attitude. As a result, the participants turned to self-medication based on their personal experiences, their relatives’ experiences, the information on drug label, and the information distributed in the mass media. Realizing the need to improve pharmaceutical care, the participants also made improvement suggestions specific to community pharmacist, community pharmacy, and the government.

Acetaminophen: Neonatal hepatotoxicity due to late pregnancy exposure

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
G.A. Miranda ◽  
M.A. Arroyo ◽  
C.A. Lucio ◽  
M. Mongeotti ◽  
S.S. Poolsawat
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Neonatal Liver ◽  
Childbearing Women

Exposure to drugs and toxic chemicals, during late pregnancy, is a common occurrence in childbearing women. Some studies have reported that more than 90% of pregnant women use at least 1 prescription; of this, 60% used more than one. Another study indicated that 80% of the consumed drugs were not prescribed, and of this figure, 95% were “over-the-counter” drugs. Acetaminophen, the safest of all over-the-counter drugs, has been reported to induce fetal liver necrosis in man and animals and to have abortifacient and embryocidal action in mice. This study examines the degree to which acetaminophen affects the neonatal liver and kidney, when a fatty diet is simultaneously fed to the mother during late pregnancy.Timed Swiss Webster female mice were gavaged during late pregnancy (days 16-19) with fat suspended acetaminophen at a high dose, HD = 84.50 mg/kg, and a low dose, LD = 42.25 mg/kg; a control group received fat alone.

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