How Is Nonverbal Auditory Information Processed? Revisiting Existing Models and Proposing a Preliminary Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1529-1533
Author(s):  
Myounghoon Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Verbal Processing ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Preliminary Model ◽  
Nonverbal Information ◽  
Attention Level

Use of multimodal displays is getting more prevalent in Human Factors and Human-Computer Interaction. Existing information processing models and theories predict the benefits of multimodality in user interfaces. While the models have been refined regarding vision, more granularity is still required regarding audition. The existing models mainly account for verbal processing in terms of representation, encoding, and retrieving, but these models do not provide sufficient explanations for nonverbal processing. In the present paper, I point out research gaps in nonverbal information processing of the representative models at the working memory and attention level. Then, I propose a preliminary conceptual model supported by neural and behavioral level evidence, and provide evaluations of the model and future works.

scholarly journals Effects of Teaching Presentation Methods and Visual and Auditory Working Memory Capacity on Young Children’s Learning Effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-740
Author(s):  
Yun Hyun Pack ◽  
Na Ya Choi ◽  
Bokyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Learning Effectiveness ◽  
Presentation Methods

Objectives: This study investigates the effects of teaching material presentation methods and young children's visual and auditory working memory capacity on their learning effectiveness. It also suggests effective instructional design and teaching-learning methods suitable for children’s information processing characteristics.Methods: Participants included 86 five-year-old children enrolled in kindergartens in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, and Daejeon. Three categories of teaching materials with different presentation methods were created. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the category groups, and participated in learning activities. After the activities, learning effectiveness, working memory, and attention were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0.Results: Results indicated that children’s learning effectiveness differed according to the teaching material presentation method. Higher learning effectiveness was observed when auditory and visual information was presented concurrently rather than sequentially, but learning was not affected by the sequential order. The groups with larger auditory working memory capacity and larger visual working memory capacity achieved higher learning effectiveness than did their respective counterparts. Additionally, learning effectiveness was greater for children with larger auditory working memory capacity when presented with auditory information before visual, and for those with larger visual working memory capacity when presented with visual information before auditory.Conclusion: The study results enhance foundational knowledge related to individual differences in young children's visual and auditory information processing abilities. Moreover, this study has practical implications for developing instructional materials and proposals suitable for young children’s individual information processing characteristics.

scholarly journals Dissociable Mechanisms of Verbal Working Memory Revealed through Multivariate Lesion Mapping

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 2542-2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghaleh ◽  
Elizabeth H Lacey ◽  
Mackenzie E Fama ◽  
Zainab Anbari ◽  
Andrew T DeMarco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Task Conditions

Abstract Two maintenance mechanisms with separate neural systems have been suggested for verbal working memory: articulatory-rehearsal and non-articulatory maintenance. Although lesion data would be key to understanding the essential neural substrates of these systems, there is little evidence from lesion studies that the two proposed mechanisms crucially rely on different neuroanatomical substrates. We examined 39 healthy adults and 71 individuals with chronic left-hemisphere stroke to determine if verbal working memory tasks with varying demands would rely on dissociable brain structures. Multivariate lesion–symptom mapping was used to identify the brain regions involved in each task, controlling for spatial working memory scores. Maintenance of verbal information relied on distinct brain regions depending on task demands: sensorimotor cortex under higher demands and superior temporal gyrus (STG) under lower demands. Inferior parietal cortex and posterior STG were involved under both low and high demands. These results suggest that maintenance of auditory information preferentially relies on auditory-phonological storage in the STG via a nonarticulatory maintenance when demands are low. Under higher demands, sensorimotor regions are crucial for the articulatory rehearsal process, which reduces the reliance on STG for maintenance. Lesions to either of these regions impair maintenance of verbal information preferentially under the appropriate task conditions.

scholarly journals Acute Intake of a Grape and Blueberry Polyphenol-Rich Extract Ameliorates Cognitive Performance in Healthy Young Adults During a Sustained Cognitive Effort

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Philip ◽  
Patricia Sagaspe ◽  
Jacques Taillard ◽  
Claire Mandon ◽  
Joël Constans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Memory And Attention

Despite an increasing level of evidence supporting the individual beneficial effect of polyphenols on cognitive performance, information related to the potential synergistic action of these phytonutrients on cognitive performance during a prolonged cognitive effort is currently lacking. This study investigated the acute and sustained action of a polyphenols-rich extract from grape and blueberry (PEGB), on working memory and attention in healthy students during a prolonged and intensive cognitive effort. In this randomised, cross-over, double blind study, 30 healthy students consumed 600 mg of PEGB or a placebo. Ninety minutes after product intake, cognitive functions were assessed for one hour using a cognitive demand battery including serial subtraction tasks, a rapid visual information processing (RVIP) task and a visual analogical scale. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and plasma flavan-3-ols metabolites quantification were also performed. A 2.5-fold increase in serial three subtraction variation net scores was observed following PEGB consumption versus placebo (p < 0.001). A trend towards significance was also observed with RVIP percentage of correct answers (p = 0.058). No treatment effect was observed on FMD. Our findings suggest that consumption of PEGB coupled with a healthy lifestyle may be a safe alternative to acutely improve working memory and attention during a sustained cognitive effort.

Auditory Information Processing in Schizophrenia

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Van Sweden ◽  
M.G. Van Erp ◽  
F. Mesotten
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Auditory Information Processing
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document