The Psychophysics of Workload — A Second Look at the Relationship between Subjective Measures and Performance

1985 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 640-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gopher ◽  
Nella Chillag ◽  
Nira Arzi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Second Look ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

Load estimates based upon subjective and performance indices were compared for subjects performing size matching and letter typing tasks under 6 levels of priorities, in single and dual task conditions. Each half of the group used a different task as reference in their subjecitve judgement. The results are interpreted to indicate that subjective measures are especially sensitive to voluntary allocation of attention and to the load on working memory. Association with performance is expected whenever these two factors are main determinants of peformance efficiency, otherwise the two are likely to dissociate.

scholarly journals The Fear to Move in a Crowded Environment. Poor Spatial Memory Related to Agoraphobic Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Micaela Maria Zucchelli ◽  
Laura Piccardi ◽  
Raffaella Nori
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Tasks ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crowded Environment ◽  
Active Processing

Individuals with agoraphobia exhibit impaired exploratory activity when navigating unfamiliar environments. However, no studies have investigated the contribution of visuospatial working memory (VSWM) in these individuals’ ability to acquire and process spatial information while considering the use of egocentric and allocentric coordinates or environments with or without people. A total of 106 individuals (53 with agoraphobia and 53 controls) navigated in a virtual square to acquire spatial information that included the recognition of landmarks and the relationship between landmarks and themselves (egocentric coordinates) and independent of themselves (allocentric coordinates). Half of the participants in both groups navigated in a square without people, and half navigated in a crowded square. They completed a VSWM test in addition to tasks measuring landmark recognition and egocentric and allocentric judgements concerning the explored square. The results showed that individuals with agoraphobia had reduced working memory only when active processing of spatial elements was required, suggesting that they exhibit spatial difficulties particularly in complex spatial tasks requiring them to process information simultaneously. Specifically, VSWM deficits mediated the relationship between agoraphobia and performance in the allocentric judgements. The results are discussed considering the theoretical background of agoraphobia in order to provide useful elements for the early diagnosis of this disorder.

How Working Memory Mediates the Relationship Between Incivility and Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 13658
Author(s):  
Amir Erez ◽  
Christine L. Porath ◽  
Trevor Foulk
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Is it really a mediating construct?

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakr M.T. Suliman
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Continuance Commitment ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

This paper aims at exploring the mediating role of organizational commitment that continues to be one of the most controversial issues in HRM. Using a self‐administered questionnaire, 1,000 employees from 20 industrial companies were randomly selected and surveyed in order to examine this mediating role. The results revealed that organizational commitment and its two factors (normative and continuance commitment) play different roles in mediating the relationship between perceived work climate and performance, as rated by the employees themselves and their immediate supervisors. The implications of the results for both managers and researchers are also discussed in the paper.

Division of Attention: The Single-Channel Hypothesis Revisited

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Gladstones ◽  
Michael A. Regan ◽  
Robert B. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Information Load ◽  
Dual Task Performance ◽  
Serial Reaction ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Two experiments are reported in which subjects performed two forced-paced serial reaction time tasks separately and together at their maximum sustainable rates of information processing. Experiment 1 investigated the effects on the relationship between single- and dual-task performance of using tasks with the same or different input and output modality characteristics; an additional condition tested the effects on this relationship of using tasks with higher S–R compatibility. Experiment 2 investigated the effects on the relationship between single- and dual-task performance of varying information load (number of S–R alternatives). No significant differences were found in subjects’ capacities to process information in single- and dual-task conditions. This finding was unaffected by: (a) the absolute information levels of the tasks, (b) whether inputs and/or outputs involved the same or different modalities, or (c) the level of S–R compatibility. The data from both experiments provide strong support for the single-channel hypothesis.

P4-126: The relationship between objective and subjective measures of sleep and memory performance (retrospective, prospective, and working memory) in older adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (7S_Part_18) ◽  
pp. P826-P827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina G. Cavuoto ◽  
Ben Ong ◽  
Kerryn E. Pike ◽  
Christian L. Nicholas ◽  
Glynda J. Kinsella
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
The Relationship

Validation of the Trust Tool in a Greek Perioperative Setting

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
V-E Chatzea ◽  
D Sifaki-Pistolla ◽  
N Dey ◽  
E Melidoniotis
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Individual Comparison ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
And Performance ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the TRUST questionnaire in a Greek perioperative setting. The TRUST questionnaire assesses the relationship between trust and performance. A bilingual translation and pre-test process was followed. Internal consistency, reproducibility (test-retest) and criterion validity were calculated (Cronbach's alpha, kappa correlation coefficient, bivariate analysis). Overall internal consistency presented very high alpha values for individual comparison (Cronbach's =0.97, 95% CI=0.95–0.99, P value<0.001). The reproducibility and construct validity (Pearson r=0.86, P value<0.001) were retained at very good levels. According to factor analysis, two factors were extracted with eigenvalues>1 (KMO=0.83, Barlett's test of sphericity P value<0.001). The study assessed the levels of trust and performance in the surgery and anaesthesiology department during a very stressful period for Greece (economic crisis) and offered a user friendly and robust assessment tool. The study concludes that the Greek version of the TRUST questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring team performance among Greek perioperative teams.

Does Working Memory Enhance or Interfere With Speech Fluency in Adults Who Do and Do Not Stutter? Evidence From a Dual-Task Paradigm

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Eichorn ◽  
Klara Marton ◽  
Richard G. Schwartz ◽  
Robert D. Melara ◽  
Steven Pirutinsky
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Speaking Task

Purpose The present study examined whether engaging working memory in a secondary task benefits speech fluency. Effects of dual-task conditions on speech fluency, rate, and errors were examined with respect to predictions derived from three related theoretical accounts of disfluencies. Method Nineteen adults who stutter and twenty adults who do not stutter participated in the study. All participants completed 2 baseline tasks: a continuous-speaking task and a working-memory (WM) task involving manipulations of domain, load, and interstimulus interval. In the dual-task portion of the experiment, participants simultaneously performed the speaking task with each unique combination of WM conditions. Results All speakers showed similar fluency benefits and decrements in WM accuracy as a result of dual-task conditions. Fluency effects were specific to atypical forms of disfluency and were comparable across WM-task manipulations. Changes in fluency were accompanied by reductions in speaking rate but not by corresponding changes in overt errors. Conclusions Findings suggest that WM contributes to disfluencies regardless of stuttering status and that engaging WM resources while speaking enhances fluency. Further research is needed to verify the cognitive mechanism involved in this effect and to determine how these findings can best inform clinical intervention.

scholarly journals Examining Movement-Specific Reinvestment and Performance in Demanding Contexts

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Malhotra ◽  
Jamie M. Poolton ◽  
Mark R. Wilson ◽  
Liis Uiga ◽  
Rich S.W. Masters
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Motor Processing ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Attention Demands ◽  
Insight Into

Two experiments examined the roles of the dimensions of movement-specific reinvestment (movement selfconsciousness and conscious motor processing) on performance under demanding conditions. In Experiment 1, novice golfers practiced a golf putting task and were tested under low- and high-anxiety conditions. Conscious motor processing was not associated with putting proficiency or movement variability; however, movement self-consciousness was positively associated with putting proficiency and appeared to be negatively associated with variability of impact velocity in low-anxiety conditions, but not in high-anxiety conditions. Increased anxiety and effort possibly left few attention resources for movement self-consciousness under high anxiety. In Experiment 2, participants performed a quiet standing task in single- and dual-task conditions. Movement self-consciousness was positively associated with performance when attention demands were low (single task) but not when attention demands were high (dual task). The findings provide insight into the differential influence of the two dimensions of movement-specific reinvestment under demanding conditions.

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