Multidimensional Scaling as a Method for Probing the Conceptual Structure of State Categories: An Individual Differences Analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica C. Zubritzky ◽  
Bruce G. Coury
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Classification Task ◽  
System State ◽  
System Data ◽  
The Impact

Identifying the underlying decision criteria used by operators to classify system state, and revealing the way in which that information is internally represented is one of the challenges facing designers of control systems. This paper describes the use of multidimensional scaling (MDS) to probe the structure and composition of the internal conceptual models used by operators to identify system state. Specifically, the issue of individual differences in mental model is addressed, as well as the impact of these differences on individual performance in a classification task. Twenty subjects were trained as operators to classify instances of system data into one of four system state categories. After training, subjects were asked to rate the similarity between instances of system state. Results showed that the dominant dimensions used by an individual are related to his/her performance on the classification task.

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

Just Like Leaves in the Wind? Exploring the Effect of the Interplay of Media Coverage and Personal Characteristics on Issue Salience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agatha Kratz ◽  
Harald Schoen
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Issue Salience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores the effect of the interplay of personal characteristics and news coverage on issue salience during the 2009 to 2015 period and during the election campaign in 2013. We selected four topics that played a considerable role during this period: the labor market, pensions and healthcare, immigration, and the financial crisis. The evidence from pooled cross-sectional data and panel data supports the notion that news coverage affects citizens’ issue salience. For obtrusive issues, news coverage does not play as large a role as for rather remote topics like the financial crisis and immigration. The results also lend credence to the idea that political predilections and other individual differences are related to issue salience and constrain the impact of news coverage on voters’ issue salience. However, the evidence for the interplay of individual differences and media coverage proved mild at best.

Predictors of Positive Psychological Capital: An Attempt Among the Teacher Communities in Rural Jharkhand, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 0258042X2199101
Author(s):  
Mukti Clarence ◽  
Viju P. D. ◽  
Lalatendu Kesari Jena ◽  
Tony Sam George
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Positive Psychological Capital ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

In the recent times, researchers have shown an increased interest in positive psychological capital (PsyCap). However, it is acknowledged that due to the limited number of studies conducted on the antecedents of psychological capital, there is a lack of sufficient data for conclusively proving the antecedents of PsyCap. Consequently, this article aims to explore the potential antecedents of PsyCap as a reliable source of data in the context of rural school teachers. The focus is to investigate both the individual differences and the contextual factors as desirable variables that constitute PsyCap among the school teachers of rural Jharkhand, India. Samples of 1,120 respondents from different rural schools were collected and analysed with Structural Equation Modeling (AMOS 20.0). The findings of the study explained that both the individual differences ( proactive personality and emotional intelligence) and the contextual factors ( perceived organizational support, servant leadership and meaningful work) have a positive relationship with PsyCap. The impact of PsyCap on teacher performance can form the basis for further research on the subject. JEL Codes: M12, M53

Assessing the impact of Queensland's late‐night alcohol restrictions using health system data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Livingston ◽  
Kerri Coomber ◽  
Dominique de Andrade ◽  
Nicholas Taylor ◽  
Jason Ferris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Late Night ◽  
System Data ◽  
Health System Data ◽  
The Impact

Copyright & Art

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1762-1776
Author(s):  
Eberhard Ortland ◽  
Reinold Schmücker
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aesthetic Concepts ◽  
Neighbouring Rights

What is the impact of copyright(and neighbouring rights)on art— on the conditions for artistic production as well as on other art-related practices in modern societies like trading, conserving, exhibiting, performing, reproducing and distributing works of art or reproductions thereof in various media? And what is the particular relevance of art (and of aesthetic concepts, or theories of art) for copyright? Why should the dogmatics of copyright be concerned with aesthetics at all, and what function do aesthetic concepts fulfil in the conceptual structure of copyright and in the context of its legitimization?

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