Instructor Strategies in the Assessment of Aircrews: Heuristics in CRM Assessment and Their Operational Implications

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
William A. McDougall ◽  
Thomas L. Seamster ◽  
Eleana S. Edens
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Protocol Analysis ◽  
Crew Resource Management ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Complex Line ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Training Methodologies ◽  
And Training

Established Crew Resource Management (CRM) research has concentrated on the analysis of actual crew behaviors and crew training. As CRM research and training matures, assessment issues take on increasing importance. Current research emphasis has broadened and shifted focus from crew training methodologies in recognition of the importance of the assessment process. The identification of the strategies that experienced instructors employ in efficient CRM assessment is essential to a better understanding of the assessment process. These learned strategies help experienced instructors focus on key crew behaviors in complex Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT). This present research was designed to identify these strategies employed by experienced instructors as part of a larger effort to develop a prototype CRM assessment expert system. Protocol analysis techniques were used to develop a set of assessment rules for the prototype expert system. The experienced instructor protocols were translated into a set of pseudo-code rules. The lower-level rules, derived from the experienced instructor protocols, were analyzed and abstracted into a set of general strategies. These are the strategies that the experienced instructor has learned to use to help focus on the key crew behaviors in the complex Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) scenario environment where the instructor cannot observe all behaviors. These strategies have a number of implications for training new instructor/assessors, the standardization and calibration of LOFT assessors, and for achieving more systematic CRM assessments.

scholarly journals A Relevância Do Treinamento De Habilidades Não Técnicas Na Atuação De Pilotos De Avião

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
João Pedro Lima Acosta ◽  
Nagi Hanna Salm Costa
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Crew Resource Management ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Competency Based

Historicamente, a formação de pilotos de avião foi, de modo predominante, voltada ao treinamento e desenvolvimento de habilidades técnicas, isto é, aquelas ligadas a aspectos como o controle da aeronave, o conhecimento de sistemas e motores e a navegação aérea. Com o advento de aeronaves comerciais cada vez mais automatizadas, os pilotos passaram a desempenhar também uma nova função, a de gerenciadores de sistemas automatizados. Por certo, a automação aumentou a segurança das operações aéreas devido à diminuição de falhas técnicas relacionadas à integridade da aeronave. Contudo, acidentes e incidentes aeronáuticos ainda ocorrem, tendo agora como principal fator contribuinte o aspecto humano e operacional. Logo, identificou-se a necessidade de melhorar o treinamento desses pilotos sob a ótica das habilidades não técnicas. Considerado esse cenário, o presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de elucidar a importância do desenvolvimento de habilidades não técnicas na atuação dos pilotos de avião. Tais habilidades são mais comumente ensinadas por meio de treinamentos como o Crew Resource Management (CRM), o Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT), o Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais (THS), o Multi-Crew Pilot License (MPL) e o Competency-Based Training (EBT), bem como identificadas pelo sistema NOTECHS. O propósito desses treinamentos é ensinar e desenvolver habilidades como comunicação e gerenciamento de recursos de cabine, atitude, julgamento, tomada de decisão, assim como o manejo de respostas emocionais e de fatores estressores. No entanto, tais treinamentos aqui citados ainda são de difícil acesso no mundo, principalmente no Brasil, então, é necessário que as agências reguladoras criem normas que implementem esses treinamentos nas instituições de ensino, para que no futuro tenha-se uma diminuição do fator humano como contribuinte das ocorrências aeronáuticas através de um correto treinamento e atuação dos profissionais.

Cognitive Modeling of Crm Assessment Expertise: Identification of the Primary Assessors

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Seamster ◽  
Eleana S. Edens
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Sorting Data

A cognitive model of instructor Crew Resource Management (CRM) assessment was developed as an integral component of a prototype CRM assessment expert system. The cognitive model provides an instructor-centered approach to CRM assessment in the multi-tasking, time-constrained environment of recurrent Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT). This cognitive modeling is based on systematic analysis of how experienced instructors are able to attend to key crew behaviors and derive consistent CRM assessments in the complex simulator-based training environment. Concept sorting data, collected from recurrent training instructors, was subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis. The analysis identified the mental organization or knowledge structures required to make efficient CRM assessments in the time-constrained LOFT environment. There were three primary assessment clusters that experienced instructors had in common. These clusters of assessment concepts were used to develop the architecture and content of the assessor modules for the prototype CRM assessment expert system. That expert system provides an efficient CRM assessment that is similar to the process and output of the experienced recurrent training instructor. These findings have operational implications for the feasibility of an instructor CRM assessment tool and for making the CRM assessment process more systematic.

Tools for your stroke team: adapting crew-resource management for acute stroke care

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent M. Willems ◽  
Natalia Kurka ◽  
Ferdinand Bohmann ◽  
Peter Rostek ◽  
Waltraud Pfeilschifter
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crew Resource Management ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Acute Stroke Care ◽  
And Training

Crew-resource management is an approach to work and training that focuses on non-technical skills and strategies to prevent human error in complex procedures. It was initially termed ‘cockpit-resource management’ and developed for aviation in the 1970s after several severe accidents; it has contributed to a measurable increase in flight safety. In recent years, this approach has been successfully implemented in other high-reliability environments; surgical disciplines have made particular use of crew-resource management strategies and training, with resulting reduced mortality rates. The stepwise implementation of different crew-resource management strategies in stroke care at our tertiary stroke centre has helped to speed up process times significantly, and to improve patient safety and staff satisfaction. Here, we summarise our experience in adapting different crew-resource management tools to acute stroke care, sharing specific tools that have proven valuable in our hands, and we encourage colleagues to implement such strategies in acute stroke care.

Integrating Safety and Crew Resource Management (CRM) Aspects in the Recurrent Training of Cabin Crew Members

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrina Ritzmann ◽  
Annette Kluge ◽  
Vera Hagemann ◽  
Margot Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Crew Resource Management ◽  
Training Module ◽  
Cabin Crew ◽  
Training Cycle ◽  
Aviation Training ◽  
Training Format ◽  
Instructional Design Principles ◽  
Practical Instruction

Recurrent training of cabin crew should include theoretical and practical instruction on safety as well as crew resource management (CRM) issues. The endeavors of Swiss International Air Lines Ltd. and Swiss Aviation Training Ltd. to integrate CRM and safety aspects into a single training module were evaluated. The objective of the integration was to make CRM more tangible and ease acquisition of competencies and transfer of CRM training content to practice by showing its relevance in relation to safety tasks. It was of interest whether the integrated design would be mirrored in a more favorable perception by the trainees as measured with a questionnaire. Participants reacted more positively to the integrated training than to stand-alone CRM training, although the integrated training was judged as being slightly more difficult and less oriented toward instructional design principles. In a range of forced-choice questions, the majority of participants opted for an integrated training format because it was seen as livelier and more interesting and also more practically relevant. For the forthcoming training cycle, a better alignment of training with instructional principles and an even higher degree of training integration by using simulator scenarios are striven for.

scholarly journals Enhancing Maritime Crew Resource Management Training by Applying Resilience Engineering: A Case Study of the Bachelor Maritime Officer Training Programme in Rotterdam

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Jaco Griffioen ◽  
Monique van der Drift ◽  
Hans van den Broek
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Crew Resource Management ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Resilience Engineering ◽  
Crew Resource Management Training

This paper sets out to enhance current Maritime Crew Resource Management (MCRM) training, and with that to improve the training of technical and non-technical skills given to bachelor maritime officers. The rationale for CRM training is improving safety performance by reducing accidents caused by human error. The central notion of CRM training is that applying good resource management principles during day-to-day operations will lead to a beneficial change in attitudes and behaviour regarding safety. This article therefore indicates that enhanced MCRM should play a more structural role in the training of student officers. However, the key question is: what are the required changes in attitude and behaviour that will create sufficient adaptability to improve safety performance? To provide an answer, we introduce the Resilience Engineering (RE) theory. From an RE point of view, we elaborate on the relation between team adaptability and safety performance, operationalized as a competence profile. In addition, a case study of the ‘Rotterdam Approach’ will be presented, in which the MCRM training design has been enhanced with RE, with the objective to train team adaptability skills for improved safety performance.

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