Can we Train Humans to be Systematic Inspectors?

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (16) ◽  
pp. 1165-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Nickles ◽  
Valerie Sacrez ◽  
Anand K. Gramopadhye
Keyword(s):  
Search Strategy ◽  
Random Search ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Search Pattern ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Inspection Task ◽  
Job Aid

Previous research in inspection has shown that a systematic search strategy is more effective than a random search strategy in looking for defects. Moreover, past studies have shown that training can improve search strategy. The purpose of this study was to determine if a job aid could be used to train inspectors to adopt a systematic search strategy and thereby improve their search performance. The study used a computer simulated inspection task and a job aid, which included a cursor that traced a systematic search pattern over the inspection surface represented by the screen. An experiment was designed wherein sixteen subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, those who received practice and instructions on the use of a systematic search strategy and those who received training on the job aid. The results are analyzed and reported

Training for Systematic Search Using a Job Aid

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (20) ◽  
pp. 1457-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Koenig ◽  
Guillaume M. Y. Liebhold ◽  
A.K. Gramopadhye
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Viewing Screen ◽  
Job Aid

A dominant component of quality control, visual inspection can be broken down into two elements: visual search and decision-making. This study focuses on the search process. The search process has been mathematically described as random, systematic, or somewhere in between. Mathematical models and empirical studies have shown that the best performance in detecting defects during visual inspection results from the use of a systematic search strategy. For this study, a job aid that could potentially be used as an off-line training tool was developed to promote systematic visual search strategy. The job aid, a moving cursor on the viewing screen, was used to determine an optimal search speed or a range of optimal speeds for which the highest inspection accuracy could be achieved.

A Variable-Memory Model of Visual Search

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Arani ◽  
M. H. Karwan ◽  
C. G. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Random Search ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Family Of Curves ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Variable Memory

Previous models of visual search have hypothesized either a random search or a repeated systematic search strategy. Although both models reproduce well the cumulative search time distribution, F(t), neither fully accords with eye movement data. A new model is proposed in which search is intended to be systematic but suffers from imperfect memory. Systematic search is then a special case in which the memory is perfect, and random search a special case in which the memory is totally lacking. The model was derived for single and multiple occurrences of a single fault (or target) type. Where the model could be proved to be insoluble, a simulation model was used. Simulation results were compared with the previous calculations of Morawski, Drury, and Karwan (1980) and were shown to give identical results for pure random and pure systematic search. As the parameters of the memory model were varied, a family of curves between these extremes was produced.

scholarly journals Evaluating Different Display Techniques for Communicating Search Strategy Training in a Collaborative Virtual Aircraft Inspection Environment

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (26) ◽  
pp. 2244-2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mehta ◽  
S. Sadasivan ◽  
J. S. Greenstein ◽  
A. K. Gramopadhye ◽  
A. T. Duchowski
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Strategy Training ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Ray Casting ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
Inspection Task

Aircraft inspection is vital to assure safe and reliable air transportation. Search strategy training has been recognized to be effective in improving an inspector's performance in a visual inspection task. Improving the search performance of novice inspectors can be expedited by providing cognitive feedfoward information about the search strategy adopted by an expert inspector. In a collaborative virtual aircraft inspection environment using eye tracking equipment, novice inspectors can observe in real time the point of regard (POR) data of an expert inspector performing an inspection task. This research evaluates the effectiveness of three display techniques —‘dot’, ‘ray casting’ and ‘decaying trace’ – for representing, the gaze slaved visual deictic reference (VDR) of the expert inspector during search strategy training in an aircraft inspection task. Increase in performance of the novices performing an inspection task after training show the ‘decaying trace’ as the most effective form for representing the expert's VDR.

scholarly journals Optimization Algorithms for Detection of Social Interactions

Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Cutello ◽  
Georgia Fargetta ◽  
Mario Pavone ◽  
Rocco A. Scollo
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Local Search ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Community Detection ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Random Search ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Greedy Optimization

Community detection is one of the most challenging and interesting problems in many research areas. Being able to detect highly linked communities in a network can lead to many benefits, such as understanding relationships between entities or interactions between biological genes, for instance. Two different immunological algorithms have been designed for this problem, called Opt-IA and Hybrid-IA, respectively. The main difference between the two algorithms is the search strategy and related immunological operators developed: the first carries out a random search together with purely stochastic operators; the last one is instead based on a deterministic Local Search that tries to refine and improve the current solutions discovered. The robustness of Opt-IA and Hybrid-IA has been assessed on several real social networks. These same networks have also been considered for comparing both algorithms with other seven different metaheuristics and the well-known greedy optimization Louvain algorithm. The experimental analysis conducted proves that Opt-IA and Hybrid-IA are reliable optimization methods for community detection, outperforming all compared algorithms.

How Interface Design and Search Strategy Influence Children’s Search Performance and Evaluation

2014 ◽  
pp. 241-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Jochmann-Mannak ◽  
Leo Lentz ◽  
Theo Huibers ◽  
Ted Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Visual Design ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Navigation Structure ◽  
Performance And Evaluation

This chapter presents an experiment with 158 children, aged 10 to 12, in which search performance and attitudes towards an informational Website are investigated. The same Website was designed in 3 different types of interface design varying in playfulness of navigation structure and in playfulness of visual design. The type of interface design did not have an effect on children’s search performance, but it did influence children’s feelings of emotional valence and their evaluation of “goodness.” Children felt most positive about the Website with a classical navigation structure and playful aesthetics. They found the playful image map Website least good. More importantly, children’s search performance was much more effective and efficient when using the search engine than when browsing the menu. Furthermore, this chapter explores the challenge of measuring affective responses towards digital interfaces with children by presenting an elaborate evaluation of different methods.

scholarly journals A systematic approach to searching: an efficient and complete method to develop literature searches

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wichor M. Bramer ◽  
Gerdien B. De Jonge ◽  
Melissa L. Rethlefsen ◽  
Frans Mast ◽  
Jos Kleijnen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Text Document ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Free Text Search

Creating search strategies for systematic reviews, finding the best balance between sensitivity and specificity, and translating search strategies between databases is challenging. Several methods describe standards for systematic search strategies, but a consistent approach for creating an exhaustive search strategy has not yet been fully described in enough detail to be fully replicable. The authors have established a method that describes step by step the process of developing a systematic search strategy as needed in the systematic review. This method describes how single-line search strategies can be prepared in a text document by typing search syntax (such as field codes, parentheses, and Boolean operators) before copying and pasting search terms (keywords and free-text synonyms) that are found in the thesaurus. To help ensure term completeness, we developed a novel optimization technique that is mainly based on comparing the results retrieved by thesaurus terms with those retrieved by the free-text search words to identify potentially relevant candidate search terms. Macros in Microsoft Word have been developed to convert syntaxes between databases and interfaces almost automatically. This method helps information specialists in developing librarian-mediated searches for systematic reviews as well as medical and health care practitioners who are searching for evidence to answer clinical questions. The described method can be used to create complex and comprehensive search strategies for different databases and interfaces, such as those that are needed when searching for relevant references for systematic reviews, and will assist both information specialists and practitioners when they are searching the biomedical literature.

Use of aiding and feedback in improving visual search performance for an inspection task

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Chabukswar ◽  
Anand K. Gramopadhye ◽  
Brian J. Melloy ◽  
Laurence W. Grimes
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Inspection Task
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document