scholarly journals The EPA Cancer Risk Assessment Default Model Proposal: Moving Away From the LNT

Dose-Response ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932581878984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Calabrese ◽  
Jaap C. Hanekamp ◽  
Dima Yazji Shamoun
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Model Uncertainty ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Default Model ◽  
Novel Approach

This article strongly supports the Environmental Protection Agency proposal to make significant changes in their cancer risk assessment principles and practices by moving away from the use of the linear nonthreshold (LNT) dose–response as the default model. An alternate approach is proposed based on model uncertainty which integrates the most scientifically supportable features of the threshold, hormesis, and LNT models to identify the doses that optimize population-based responses (ie, maximize health benefits/minimize health harm). This novel approach for cancer risk assessment represents a significant improvement to the current LNT default method from scientific and public health perspectives.

Cancer and non-cancer health risk assessment of occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene in a petrochemical plant in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 960-970
Author(s):  
Mohsen Sadeghi-Yarandi ◽  
Ali Karimi ◽  
Vahid Ahmadi ◽  
Ali Asghar Sajedian ◽  
Ahmad Soltanzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Petrochemical Plant

1,3-Butadiene is classified as carcinogenic to humans by inhalation. This study aimed to assess cancer and non-cancer risk following occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a petrochemical plant producing acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer in Iran. Occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene was measured according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 1024 method. Cancer and non-cancer risk assessment were performed according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency method. The average occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene during work shifts among all participants was 560.82 ± 811.36 µg m−3. The average lifetime cancer risk (LCR) in the present study was 2.71 × 10−3; 82.2% of all exposed workers were within the definite carcinogenic risk level. Also, the mean non-cancer risk (hazard quotient (HQ)) among all participants was 10.82 ± 14.76. The highest LCR and HQ were observed in the safety and fire-fighting station workers with values of 7.75 × 10−3 and 36.57, respectively. The findings revealed that values of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk in the majority of participants were within the definitive and unacceptable risk levels. Therefore, corrective measures are necessary to protect these workers from non-cancer and cancer risks from 1,3-butadiene exposure.

scholarly journals Implementing a Population-Based Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-253.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Silver ◽  
Neil Wenger ◽  
Zhuoer Xie ◽  
David Elashoff ◽  
Kristina Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Assessment

scholarly journals Cancer Risk Assessment and the Biostatistical Revolution of the 1970s—A Reflection

Dose-Response ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581880640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny Crump
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Multistage Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Assessment Guidelines ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Before around 1960, assessment of risk from exposure to toxic substances, including risk of cancer, was generally implemented using the NOAEL-safety factor approach that essentially assumed that an exposure threshold existed and exposures below the threshold carried no risk. In the 1970s there came a realization that cancer could develop from a mutation in a single cell and consequently it was unlikely that a threshold existed for substances that could cause such mutations, and that risk could increase linearly with exposure. During this time the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was formed and charged with protecting the public from a perceived high risk of environmental cancer. Faced with this difficult task, EPA decided to assess cancer risk by fitting a statistical model to dose-response cancer data and extrapolating to low dose using the fitted model. After some early experimentation EPA selected the Linearized Multistage Model for this fitting, which predicted risk increased linearly with exposure at low exposures. This approach led to an increased emphasis on statistical issues in risk assessment. Today, cancer risk assessment guidelines allow for different approaches depending upon the understanding of a substance's mode of action. However, a review of EPA's experience with current guidelines indicates that most cancer risk assessments still follow procedures similar to those initiated more than 40 years ago.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document