Scaling up Maternal Nutrition Programs to Improve Birth Outcomes: A Review of Implementation Issues

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2_suppl1) ◽  
pp. S6-S26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar G. Victora ◽  
Fernando C. Barros ◽  
Maria Cecilia Assunção ◽  
Maria Clara Restrepo-Méndez ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Micronutrient Supplementation ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Nutrition Programs

Background Maternal nutrition interventions are efficacious in improving birth outcomes. It is important to demonstrate that if delivered in field conditions they produce improvements in health and nutrition. Objective Analyses of scaling-up of five program implemented in several countries. These include micronutrient supplementation, food fortification, food supplements, nutrition education and counseling, and conditional cash transfers (as a platform for delivering interventions). Evidence on impact and cost-effectiveness is assessed, especially on achieving high, equitable, and sustained coverage, and reasons for success or failure Methods Systematic review of articles on large-scale programs in several databases. Two separate reviewers carried out independent searches. A separate review of the gray literature was carried out including websites of the most important organizations leading with these programs. With Google Scholar a detailed review of the 100 most frequently cited references on each of the five above topics was conducted. Results Food fortification programs: iron and folic acid fortification were less successful than salt iodization initiatives, as the latter attracted more advocacy. Micronutrient supplementation programs: Nicaragua and Nepal achieved good coverage. Key elements of success are antenatal care coverage, ensuring availability of tablets, and improving compliance. Integrated nutrition programs in India, Bangladesh, and Madagascar with food supplementation and/or behavioral change interventions report improved coverage and behaviors, but achievements are below targets. The Mexican conditional cash transfer program provides a good example of use of this platform to deliver maternal nutritional interventions. Conclusions Programs differ in complexity, and key elements for success vary with the type of program and the context in which they operate. Special attention must be given to equity, as even with improved overall coverage and impact inequalities may even be increased. Finally, much greater investments are needed in independent monitoring and evaluation.

scholarly journals The Potential for a Conditional Cash Transfer Program in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to Impact Maternal and Child Nutrition: An Exploration of Facilitating and Limiting Factors (P10-148-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demewoz Woldegebreal ◽  
Stephen Vosti ◽  
Reina Engle-Stone
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Maternal And Child Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer Program

Abstract Objectives To identify facilitating and limiting factors that could affect the potential impacts on maternal and child nutrition of the Ethiopian urban conditional cash transfer program. Methods An exploratory qualitative study was conducted among the beneficiaries of the Ethiopian urban conditional cash transfer program (urban Productive Safety Net Program, urban PSNP) and key informants (program administrators and stakeholders). Eight focus group discussions (FGD), seven in-depth interviews, and eleven key informant interviews were conducted in five sub-cities of Addis Ababa. Coding was facilitated by NVivo 12 software. Results A substantial number of pregnant, lactating, and women with children under five years of age are beneficiaries of the urban PSNP. Beneficiaries reported that the majority of the money received from the program was spent on food (mostly on staples) and rent. FGD participants and key informants believed that the amount of cash provided by the PSNP program was too small to improve maternal and child nutrition. The conditional urban PSNP involves working an assigned job and beneficiaries are required to save 20% of the cash from the PSNP program, but no nutrition-specific conditions are imposed. Household barriers identified by interviewees included: low autonomy among women to use the cash transferred, and the size of the cash transfer (based on a family of 4) relative to actual family size. Programmatic facilitating factors were: existing national nutrition initiatives (National Nutrition program) that could be linked with the urban PSNP, urban PSNP organizational structure (i.e., the existence of urban PSNP peer support groups) initiatives to engage the PSNP beneficiaries in nutrition-sensitive jobs (e.g., urban agriculture), and targeting the cash transfer to poor households having a child under five years of age. Conclusions If strengthened and modified, the urban PSNP has the potential to improve maternal and child nutrition in Ethiopia. This impact can be strengthened by collaborating with ongoing and planned nutrition programs (e.g., Ministry of Health). Further study of the effects and cost-effectiveness of including alternative maternal and child nutrition programs in the current urban PSNP is recommended. Funding Sources UC Davis Blum Center for Developing Economies and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Combination of conditional cash transfer program and environmental health interventions reduces child mortality: an ecological study of Brazilian municipalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anelise Andrade de Souza ◽  
Sueli Aparecida Mingoti ◽  
Rômulo Paes-Sousa ◽  
Leo Heller
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Solid Waste Collection ◽  
Access To Water

Abstract Background This study aims to assess the interactive effects of Brazilian public interventions, environmental health programs (access to water, sanitation and solid waste collection) and a Conditional Cash Transfer Program (PBF), on the mortality reduction due to diarrhea and malnutrition among children under 5 years old. Methods The study design is ecological, with longitudinal analysis in a balanced panel. The period covered is 2006 to 2016, including 3467 municipalities from all regions of the country, which resulted in 38,137 observations. The generalized linear models were adjusted considering the Negative Binomial (NB) distribution for the number of deaths due to malnutrition and diarrhea, with fixed effects. NB models with and without zero-inflation were assessed. Subsequent interaction models were applied to assess the combined effects of the two public policies. Results In relation to the decline of mortality rates due to diarrhea in the municipalities, positive effect modification were observed in the presence of: high coverage of the target population by the PBF and access to water, 0.54 (0.28–1.04) / 0.55 (0.29–1.04); high coverage by the total population by the PBF and access to water, 0.97 (0.95–1.00) and high coverage by the total population by the PBF and access to sanitation, 0.98 (0.97–1.00). Decline on diarrhea mortality was also observed in the joint presence of high coverage of solid waste collection and access to water, categories 1 (> 60% ≤85%): 0.98 (0.96–1.00), 0.98 (0.97–1, 00) and 2 (> 85% ≤ 100%): 0.97 (0.95–0.98), 0.97 (0.95–0.99). Negative effect modification were observed for mortality due to malnutrition in the presence of simultaneous high coverage of the total population by the PBF and access to sanitation categories 1 (≥ 20 < 50%): 1.0061 (0.9991–1.0132) and 2 (≥ 50 < 100%): 1.0073 (1.0002–1.0145) and high coverage of the total population by the PBF and solid waste collection, 1.0004 (1.0002–1.0005), resulting in malnutrition mortality rates increase. Conclusion Implementation of environmental health services and the coverage expansion by the PBF may enhance the prevention of early deaths in children under 5 years old due to diarrhea, a poverty related disease.

Interactions between Conditional Cash Transfers and Preferred Secondary Schools in Jamaica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diether Beuermann ◽  
Andrea Ramos Bonilla ◽  
Marco Stampini
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Selective School

We explore whether the academic benefit from attending a preferred secondary school differs between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the Jamaican Conditional Cash Transfer Program, Programme of Advancement through Health and Education (PATH). The academic outcomes assessed include end of secondary and post-secondary high-stakes examinations independently administered by the Caribbean Examinations Council. Among girls, receiving PATH benefits before secondary school enrollment does not influence the academic gains from attending a more selective school. However, boys who received PATH benefits prior to secondary school enrollment benefit significantly less from subsequently attending a more selective school with respect to comparable peers who did not receive PATH benefits. These results suggest negative dynamic interactions between PATH and selective secondary schools among boys.

Anti-Poverty Transfers and Poverty Reduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Barrientos
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Bolsa Familia ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer Program

This chapter examines the role that public policy initiatives—specifically anti-poverty transfers—have played in the reduction of poverty and inequality in Brazil. A number of anti-poverty initiatives are considered in turn, and not just the widely known Bolsa Familia conditional cash transfer program. The analysis establishes that such transfers—including conditional cash transfers—have proved surprisingly effective, even helping to tackle long-standing income inequality. It is recognized that explicit anti-poverty initiatives were not the only drivers of the reduced incidence of poverty and inequality: factors such as growth and improved access to labor markets also played a role. However, progress is now threatened by the recent economic and political crisis.

scholarly journals Stunting on children under five years on family of beneficiary family hope program in Wonogiri district, Central Java

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2735
Author(s):  
Titus Priyo Harjatmo ◽  
Maria Poppy Herlianty ◽  
Antonius Sri Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer Program

Background: The nutritional status of infants and toddlers is one indicator of public nutrition, and even has developed into one of the indicators of health and welfare. Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2013 showed that 37,2% children under five suffering from nutritional status is stunting. One of the efforts that have been made by the Indonesian government to reduce malnutrition in infants and toddlers is through a program that is integrated with the health sector namely Conditional Cash Transfer Program (Program Keluarga Harapan). The specific objectives were to identify the characteristics of families recieve Conditional Cash Transfer Program and analysis stunting children under five years in families receiving Conditional Cash Transfer Program in Baturetno subdistric, Wonogiri district.Methods: The study was conducted in the subdistrict of Baturetno, Wonogiri district and has collected a total of 112 infants of families Conditional Cash Transfer Program participants. Sampling of children under five years was done purposively. This study was conducted from July to August 2017.Results: The proportion of children who stunting quite high at 33.0% higher than the results of the Nutritional Status Monitoring in 2016 amounted to 27.5%. If stunting is associated with the age group of stunting problems occur in all age groups in the amount of 31.3% in under 23 months and 34.3% at 23 months upwards of 31.3% children under five short, as much as 25.0% children under five are overweight according to height (weight for height) is normal and thus potentially becoming obese.Conclusions: The implementation of weight monitoring should be monitored the height of children under five in the hope family program.

scholarly journals Alteraciones en la racionalidad económica causadas por el subsidio “familias en acción” en San Juan de Pasto, Colombia

Tendencias ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Vanessa Katherine Bolaños Guerrero ◽  
Daisy Viviana Triviño Jaramillo
Keyword(s):  
Extended Period ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Economic Rationality ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer Program ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The City

En esta investigación se estudian algunas alteraciones generadas por el Programa “Familias en Acción” en la racionalidad económica de beneficiarios de este subsidio en la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. Se parte de los postulados de la Economía del Comportamiento y de la metodología propuesta por la Economía Experimental. Mediante una plataforma de simulación, en el marco de un diseño cuasi-experimental, se analiza el comportamiento de los sujetos frente al consumo de bienes suntuarios, decisiones de ahorro e inversión y la búsqueda de un trabajo remunerado. Los hallazgos señalan que la recepción del subsidio otorgado por el programa no genera alteraciones significativas en las decisiones de ahorro, inversión y búsqueda de un empleo remunerado de los beneficiarios, sin embargo, se presenta un aumento en el consumo de bienes suntuarios, esta variación es mayor en la población que ha recibido el subsidio durante un período prolongado de tiempo, por lo cual podría afirmarse que un programa de transferencias condicionadas que se perpetúa durante mucho tiempo, genera hábitos de comportamiento en los beneficiarios contrarios a los esperados por la política. ABSTRACTThis current research studies some alterations generated by the program “Families in Action” on economic rationality of beneficiaries of this subsidy in the city of San Juan de Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. It starts the candidates’ Behavioral Economics and the methodology proposed by the Experimental Economics. Through a simulation platform, as part of a quasi-experimental design, the behavior of the subjects is analyzed by viewing the consume of sumptuary properties, saving and investment decisions and the search of a well-paid job. The findings indicate that the reception of the subsidy from the program does not generate significant changes in the decisions of beneficiaries about savings, investment and seeking gainful employment, however, an increase in the consumption of luxury goods is presented, this variation is higher in the population that has received the subsidy for an extended period of time, so it could be argued that a conditional cash transfer program that is perpetuated long, generates behavioral habits beneficiaries different from those expected by politics. RESUMOA presente investigação estuda algumas alterações geradas pelo programa “Famílias em Ação” na racionalidade econômica dos beneficiários deste subsídio, na cidade de San Juan de Pasto, Nariño, Colômbia. Começa dos candidatos Economia Comportamental e da metodologia proposta pela Economia Experimental. Através de um delineamento quasi-experimental, em que por meio de uma plataforma de simulação, se analiso o comportamento dos indivíduos frente ao consumo de bens de luxo, decisões de poupança e inversão e de procurar um trabalho remunerado. Os resultados indicam que a recepção do subsídio do programa não gera mudanças significativas nas decisões dos beneficiários sobre poupança, investimento e à procura de emprego remunerado, no entanto, um aumento no consumo de bens de luxo é apresentado, esta variação é maior no população que tem recebido osubsídio por um período prolongado de tempo, então pode-se argumentar que um programa de transferência condicionada de renda que se perpetua por muito tempo, gera hábitos comportamentais beneficiários diferentes dos esperados pela política.

scholarly journals Compulsory education laws or incentives from CCT programs? Explaining the rise in secondary school attendance rate in Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Edo ◽  
Mariana Marchionni ◽  
Santiago Garganta
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Latin American ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
National Education ◽  
Upper Secondary Education ◽  
The Impact

Argentina has traditionally stood out in terms of educational outcomes among its Latin American counterparts. Schooling of older children, however, still shows room for improvement especially among the more vulnerable. Fortunately, during the last years a sizeable improvement in attendance rates for children aged 15 through 17 took place. This could be related to the 2006 National Education Law that made upper-secondary education compulsory. In this paper, instead, we claim that the Asignación Universal por Hijo (Universal Child Allowance, AUH) -a massive conditional cash transfer program implemented in 2009 in Argentina- may be mostly responsible for this improvement. Using a difference-in-difference strategy we estimate that the program accounts for a 3.9 percentage point increase in the probability of attending secondary school among eligible children aged 15 through 17. The impact seems to be led by boys and is more relevant for children living in larger families where the head of household has a lower educational level.

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