Moving Beyond Conventional Wisdom

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina B. Gibson ◽  
Dana M. McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Behavior Theories ◽  
Do So

In this article, we discuss the importance of a cross-cultural approach to organizational behavior. To do so, we illustrate how cross-cultural research in the past two decades has enabled us to reconceptualize constructs, revise models, and extend boundary conditions in traditional organizational behavior theories. We focus on three domains—teams, leadership, and conflict—and review cross-cultural empirical evidence that has extended several theories in each of these domains. We support the claim that even well-established organizational behavior theories vary in the extent to which they may be applied unilaterally across cultures, thus identifying the critical need to advance these theories via a cross-cultural research agenda.

scholarly journals When does matriliny fail? The frequencies and causes of transitions to and from matriliny estimated from a de novo coding of a cross-cultural sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1780) ◽  
pp. 20190006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary K. Shenk ◽  
Ryan O. Begley ◽  
David A. Nolin ◽  
Andrew Swiatek
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Ethnographic Data

The question of when and why societies have transitioned away from matriliny to other types of kinship systems—and when and why they transition towards matriliny—has a long history in anthropology, one that is heavily engaged with both evolutionary theory and cross-cultural research methods. This article presents tabulations from a new coding of ethnographic documents from the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample (SCCS), tallying claims of transitions in kinship systems both away from and to matriliny using various levels of stringency. We then use our counts as the outcome variables in a set of Bayesian analyses that simultaneously estimate the probability of a transition occurring given societal covariates alongside the conditional probability of detecting a transition given the volume of ethnographic data available to code. Our goal is to estimate the cross-cultural and comparative frequency of transitions away from and to matriliny, as well as to explore potential causes underlying these patterns. We find that transitions away from matriliny have been significantly more common than ‘reverse transitions' to matriliny. Our evidence suggests that both rates may be, in part, an artefact of the colonial and globalizing period during which the data comprising much of the current ethnographic record were recorded. Analyses of the correlates of transitions away from matriliny are consistent with several of the key causal arguments made by anthropologists over the past century, especially with respect to subsistence transition (to pastoralism, intensive agriculture and market economies), social complexity and colonialism, highlighting the importance of ecological factors in such transitions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.

scholarly journals Culture as Suture: on the Use of “Culture” in Cross-Cultural Studies in and Beyond Intercultural Information Ethics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Taro Lennerfors ◽  
Kiyoshi Murata
Keyword(s):  
Film Studies ◽  
Information Ethics ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Intercultural Information Ethics ◽  
Do So

AbstractIntercultural information ethics (IIE), a field which draws on the limits and richness of human morality and moral thinking in different societies, epochs and philosophic traditions as well as on their impact on today’s social appropriation of information and communication technology, has been argued to lack an adequate theoretical understanding of culture. In this paper, we take a non-essentialist view of culture as a point of departure and discuss not what culture is, but what we (both in our everyday lives, and as researchers) do when we use the concept of culture. To do so, we look for inspiration in the concept of suture, a concept which means the thread which stitches, or the act of stitching, a wound, but has had a long and intricate journey within psychoanalysis and film studies concerning the issue of identification. Three understandings of the use of culture emerge: suture as cultural misidentification, the evil in the cultural suture, and multiple, repeated cultural sutures. We use these categories to diagnose the use of culture in IIE and beyond, and suggest that the use of culture as multiple, repeated sutures—in other words, a recognition that we constantly fail in describing culture or cultural differences, and that each suture is coloured by its conditions of production, and that we cannot but suture with culture anyway—might be a way forward for cross-cultural research.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

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