scholarly journals Sleep and Performance during a Preseason in Elite Rugby Union Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4612
Author(s):  
Angus R. Teece ◽  
Christos K. Argus ◽  
Nicholas Gill ◽  
Martyn Beaven ◽  
Ian C. Dunican ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
H 30

Background: Preseason training optimises adaptations in the physical qualities required in rugby union athletes. Sleep can be compromised during periods of intensified training. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between sleep quantity and changes in physical performance over a preseason phase in professional rugby union athletes. Methods: Twenty-nine professional rugby union athletes (Mean ± SD, age: 23 ± 3 years) had their sleep duration monitored for 3 weeks using wrist actigraphy. Strength and speed were assessed at baseline and at week 3. Aerobic capacity and body composition were assessed at baseline, at week 3 and at week 5. Participants were stratified into 2 groups for analysis: <7 h 30 min sleep per night (LOW, n = 15) and >7 h 30 min sleep per night (HIGH, n = 14). Results: A significant group x time interaction was determined for aerobic capacity (p = 0.02, d = 1.25) at week 3 and for skinfolds at week 3 (p < 0.01, d = 0.58) and at week 5 (p = 0.02, d = 0.92), in favour of the HIGH sleep group. No differences were evident between groups for strength or speed measures (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights that longer sleep duration during the preseason may assist in enhancing physical qualities including aerobic capacity and body composition in elite rugby union athletes.

Abstract MP19: Impact of Change in Bedtime Variability on Body Composition: Secondary Findings From the Go Red for Women Strategically Focused Research Network

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre St-Onge ◽  
Ayanna Campbell ◽  
Faris M Zuraikat ◽  
Bin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Sleep Phase ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
The Impact

Variability in daily sleep duration and unstable bedtimes are emerging sleep-related factors that have been linked to metabolic syndrome. For example, in longitudinal studies, the odds of developing metabolic syndrome over 6.3 y median follow-up are 1.36 for every 1 h increase in sleep onset variability (standard deviation of bedtimes measured over 7 nights of actigraphy) in fully adjusted models. However, whether reducing bedtime variability improves markers of disease risk has not been tested. Here, we assessed whether body composition was impacted by changes in bedtime variability over a 6-wk period during which women were instructed to maintain healthy, habitual sleep patterns. This was a single arm of a randomized trial originally designed to test the impact of sleep restriction on cardiometabolic risk factors. Women, aged 20 y and older and with body mass index 20-33 kg/m 2 were recruited. All women were required to have adequate sleep duration of 7-9 h/night, determined over 2 wk using wrist-worn actigraphy. Upon randomization, women were given bed and wake time prescriptions aligned with their average screening bed and wake times in order to ensure maintenance of adequate sleep duration over the 6 wk study phase. The alternate phase required women to delay their bedtimes to achieve sleep restriction. Only data from the adequate sleep phase were used for the present analyses. Bedtime variability and body composition data were available for 37 women (age 34.9±12.4 y, BMI 24.7±2.9 kg/m 2 , screening sleep duration 7.58±0.49 h/night). Body composition was measured at baseline (0 wk) and endpoint (6 wk) using magnetic resonance imaging. Bedtime and sleep data were collected weekly using wrist actigraphy. Change in bedtime variability was calculated as the difference in the standard deviation of bedtimes measured during the 2-wk screening period and the 6-wk study phase. Sleep duration did not differ between screening and the average of 6 wk of the sleep phase (-4.8±24.7min, P=0.24). Average percent change in bedtime SD was 24.4±25.2% in those who increased their bedtime variability and -39.9±23.5% in those who reduced their bedtime variability. Results showed that, compared to women who increased or did not change (n=8) bedtime variability, women who reduced their bedtime variability (n=29) during the intervention had significant reductions in total (reduced: -0.52±0.98 vs increase/no change: 0.63±0.41 L, P<0.001) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (reduced: -0.48±0.86 vs increase/no change: 0.56±0.31 L, P<0.001). Thus, results provide novel preliminary information showing that reducing bedtime variability can improve body composition over time. Given that bedtimes are highly individualized, this may provide an easy public health message to maintain healthy sleep hygiene, particularly stable bedtime routine, to achieve better weight management and reduced CVD risk.

scholarly journals The effects of diurnal Ramadan fasting on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in healthy men

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 1023-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana’a A. Alsubheen ◽  
Mohammad Ismail ◽  
Alicia Baker ◽  
Jason Blair ◽  
Adeboye Adebayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Diurnal Effect

AbstractThe study aimed to examine the effects of diurnal Ramadan fasting (RF) on substrate oxidation, energy production, blood lipids and glucose as well as body composition. Nine healthy Muslim men (fasting (FAST) group) and eight healthy non-practicing men (control (CNT) group) were assessed pre- and post-RF. FAST were additionally assessed at days 10, 20 and 30 of RF in the morning and evening. Body composition was determined by hydrodensitometry, substrate oxidation and energy production by indirect calorimetry, blood metabolic profile by biochemical analyses and energy balance by activity tracker recordings and food log analyses. A significant group×time interaction revealed that chronic RF reduced body mass and adiposity in FAST, without changing lean mass, whereas CNT subjects remained unchanged. In parallel to these findings, a significant main diurnal effect (morning v. evening) of RF on substrate oxidation (a shift towards lipid oxidation) and blood metabolic profile (a decrease in glucose and an increase in total cholesterol and TAG levels, respectively) was observed, which did not vary over the course of the Ramadan. In conclusion, although RF induces diurnal metabolic adjustments (morning v. evening), no carryover effect was observed throughout RF despite the extended daily fasting period (18·0 (sd 0·3) h) and changes in body composition.

scholarly journals Traditional Versus Velocity-Based Resistance Training in Competitive Female Cyclists: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almudena Montalvo-Pérez ◽  
Lidia B. Alejo ◽  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Jaime Gil-Cabrera ◽  
Eduardo Talavera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction

We assessed the effects of a short-term velocity-based resistance training (VBRT, where exercise intensity is individualized based on the loads and repetitions that maximize power output) program compared with traditional resistance training (TRT, where the same number of repetitions and relative load are used for every individual) on body composition, muscle strength/power, and endurance performance in competitive female cyclists. Seventeen participants were randomly assigned to 6 weeks (two sessions/week) of TRT (n = 8) or VBRT (n = 9), during which they maintained their usual endurance program. Both interventions included squat, hip thrust, and split squat exercises. Training loads were continuously registered, and outcomes were measures of muscle strength/power, body composition, and endurance performance (incremental test and 8-min time trial). No differences between TRT and VBRT groups were found for overall internal training loads during resistance training or cycling sessions (p &gt; 0.05). Both interventions led to significant improvements in all strength/power-related outcomes, but VBRT induced greater improvements than TRT in maximum muscle strength and power as assessed with the hip thrust exercise (p &lt; 0.05 for the group by time interaction effect). However, no significant group by time interaction effect was found for body composition or endurance performance-related outcomes. In conclusion, the addition of a short-term intervention of VBRT or TRT to the usual training regimen of competitive female cyclists improves muscle strength/power, albeit VBRT might induce superior gains on maximum strength/power for the hip thrust exercise.

scholarly journals Greater Power but Not Strength Gains Using Flywheel Versus Equivolumed Traditional Strength Training in Junior Basketball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Marko D. M. Stojanović ◽  
Mladen Mikić ◽  
Patrik Drid ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
Nebojša Maksimović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
And Control

The main aim of the present study was to compare the effects of flywheel strength training and traditional strength training on fitness attributes. Thirty-six well trained junior basketball players (n = 36; 17.58 ± 0.50 years) were recruited and randomly allocated into: Flywheel group (FST; n = 12), traditional strength training group (TST; n = 12) and control group (CON; n = 12). All groups attended 5 basketball practices and one official match a week during the study period. Experimental groups additionally participated in the eight-week, 1–2 d/w equivolume intervention conducted using a flywheel device (inertia = 0.075 kg·m−2) for FST or free weights (80%1 RM) for TST. Pre-to post changes in lower limb isometric strength (ISOMET), 5 and 20 m sprint time (SPR5m and SPR20m), countermovement jump height (CMJ) and change of direction ability (t-test) were assessed with analyses of variance (3 × 2 ANOVA). Significant group-by-time interaction was found for ISOMET (F = 6.40; p = 0.000), CMJ (F = 7.45; p = 0.001), SPR5m (F = 7.45; p = 0.010) and T test (F = 10.46; p = 0.000). The results showed a significantly higher improvement in CMJ (p = 0.006; 11.7% vs. 6.8%), SPR5m (p = 0.001; 10.3% vs. 5.9%) and t-test (p = 0.045; 2.4% vs. 1.5%) for FST compared to the TST group. Simultaneously, th FST group had higher improvement in ISOMET (p = 0.014; 18.7% vs. 2.9%), CMJ (p = 0.000; 11.7% vs. 0.3%), SPR5m (p = 0.000; 10.3% vs. 3.4%) and t-test (p = 0.000; 2.4% vs. 0.6%) compared to the CON group. Players from the TST group showed better results in CMJ (p = 0.006; 6.8% vs. 0.3%) and t-test (p = 0.018; 1.5% vs. 0.6%) compared to players from the CON group. No significant group-by-time interaction was found for sprint 20 m (F = 2.52; p = 0.088). Eight weeks of flywheel training (1–2 sessions per week) performed at maximum concentric intensity induces superior improvements in CMJ, 5 m sprint time and change of direction ability than equivolumed traditional weight training in well trained junior basketball players. Accordingly, coaches and trainers could be advised to use flywheel training for developing power related performance attributes in young basketball players.

scholarly journals The Impact of Nordic Walking on Bone Properties in Postmenopausal Women with Pre-Diabetes and Non-Alcohol Fatty Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7570
Author(s):  
Xiaming Du ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Xiangqi Zhang ◽  
Zhen Qi ◽  
Sulin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Nordic Walking ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of Nordic walking on bone properties in postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A total of 63 eligible women randomly participated in the Nordic walking training (AEx, n = 33), or maintained their daily lifestyle (Con, n = 30) during intervention. Bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) of whole body (WB), total femur (TF), femoral neck (FN), and lumbar spine (L2-4) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum osteocalcin, pentosidine, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) levels were analyzed by ELISA assay. After an 8.6-month intervention, the AEx group maintained their BMCTF, BMDTF, BMCL2−4, and BMDL2−4, and increased their BMCFN (p = 0.016), while the Con group decreased their BMCTF (p = 0.008), BMDTF (p = 0.001), and BMDL2−4 (p = 0.002). However, no significant group × time interaction was observed, except for BMDL2−4 (p = 0.013). Decreased pentosidine was correlated with increased BMCWB(r = −0.352, p = 0.019). The intervention has no significant effect on osteocalcin and RANKL. Changing of bone mass was associated with changing of pentosidine, but not with osteocalcin and RANKL. Our results suggest that Nordic walking is effective in preventing bone loss among postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and NAFLD.

361 Relative Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and its Components in Improving Insomnia Symptoms in Older Adults

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A144-A144
Author(s):  
Kathleen O’Hora ◽  
Beatriz Hernandez ◽  
Laura Lazzeroni ◽  
Jamie Zeitzer ◽  
Leah Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of insomnia complaints in older adults is 30–48%, compared to 10–15% in the general population. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is a first-line, non-pharmacological sleep treatment for Insomnia. However, the relative impact of Behavioral (BT) and Cognitive (CT) components compared to that of CBT-I in older adults is unknown. Methods 128 older adults with insomnia were randomized to receive CBT-I, BT, or CT. Sleep diaries and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were collected pre- and post-treatment and at a 6-month follow-up. We conducted split-plot linear mixed models with age and sex as covariates to assess within and between subject changes to test effects of group, time, and their interaction on ISI, sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), time in bed (TIB), sleep efficiency (SE), and percent of treatment responders (ISI decrease&gt;7) and remitters (ISI&lt;8). Effect size (d) was calculated by dividing the difference between means by the root-mean-squared error of the mixed effects model. Results All treatments lead to a significant improvement across outcome measures at post-treatment (p’s&lt;0.001) and 6-months (p’s&lt;0.01), with the exception of TIB, response, and remission. For TIB, there was a significant Group x Time interaction (p&lt;0.001): while all treatments significantly reduced TIB post-treatment relative to baseline, CBT-I (p&lt;0.001,d=-2.26) and BT (p&lt;0.001,d=-1.59) performed significantly better than CT (p=0.003, d=-0.68). In contrast, at 6-months CBT-I (p&lt;0.001,d=-1.16) performed significantly better at reducing TIB than CT (p=0.195,d=-0.24) or BT (p=0.023,d=-0.61) relative to baseline. There was also a non-significant trend for a Group x Time interaction for remission status (p=0.062). Whereas, the percentage of remitters within all groups post-treatment did not differ from chance (p&gt;0.234), at 6 months, the percentage of remitters was significantly higher than chance in CBT-I (73.63%,p=0.026) and BT (78.08%,p=0.012), but not CT (47.85%,p=0.826). There were no other significant time or interaction effects (all p&gt;0.05). Conclusion CBT-I and its components are effective in improving subjective insomnia symptoms in older adults. Evidence suggests CBT-I may be superior to either CT or BT alone in improving TIB in older adults. Support (if any) NIMHR01MH101468; MIRECC at VAPAHCS

scholarly journals Relationship of Limb Lengths and Body Composition to Lifting in Weightlifting

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Dafnis Vidal Pérez ◽  
José Miguel Martínez-Sanz ◽  
Alberto Ferriz-Valero ◽  
Violeta Gómez-Vicente ◽  
Eva Ausó
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Level I ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of

Weightlifting is a discipline where technique and anthropometric characteristics are essential to achieve the best results in competitions. This study aims to analyse the relationships between body composition, limb length and barbell kinematics in the performance of weightlifters. It consists of an observational and descriptive study of 19 athletes (12 men [28.50 ± 6.37 years old; 84.58 ± 14.11 kg; 176.18 ± 6.85 cm] and 7 women [27.71 ± 6.34 years old; 64.41 ± 7.63 kg; 166.94 ± 4.11 cm]) who met the inclusion criteria. A level I anthropometrist took anthropometric measures according to the methodology of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK), and the measurement of the barbell velocity was made with the software Kinovea. In terms of body composition, both genders are within the percentage range of fat mass recommended for this sport. In female weightlifters, there is a positive correlation between foot length, maximal velocity in the Snatch (ρ = 0.775, p = 0.041), and performance indicator in the Snatch and the Clean & Jerk (ρ = 0.964, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.883, p = 0.008, respectively). In male weightlifters, a positive correlation between tibial length and average velocity of the barbell in the Snatch is observed (ρ = 0.848, p < 0.001). Muscle mass percentage correlates positively with performance indicator in both techniques (ρ = 0.634, p = 0.027; ρ = 0.720, p = 0.008). Also, the relative length of the upper limb is negatively correlated with the performance indicator (ρ = −0.602, p = 0.038). Anthropometry and body composition may facilitate skill acquisition among this sport population, contributing to increase the limited body of scientific knowledge related to weightlifting.

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