Imaging in carpal instability

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Ramamurthy ◽  
A. J. Chojnowski ◽  
A. P. Toms
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Mr Arthrography ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Carpal Instability ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plain Film Radiography

Carpal instability is a complex and heterogeneous clinical condition. Management requires accurate identification of structural injury with an understanding of the resultant movement (kinematic) and load transfer (kinetic) failure. Static imaging techniques, such as plain film radiography, stress views, ultrasound, magnetic resonance, MR arthrography and computerized tomography arthrography, may accurately depict major wrist ligamentous injury. Dynamic ultrasound and videofluoroscopy may demonstrate dynamic instability and kinematic dysfunction. There is a growing evidence base for the diagnostic accuracy of these techniques in detecting intrinsic ligament tears, but there are limitations. Evidence of their efficacy and relevance in detection of non-dissociative carpal instability and extrinsic ligament tears is weak. Further research into the accuracy of existing imaging modalities is still required. Novel techniques, including four-dimensional computerized tomography and magnetic resonance, can evaluate both cross-sectional and functional carpal anatomy. This is a narrative review of level-III studies evaluating the role of imaging in carpal instability.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional anatomy, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the banded houndshark (Triakis scyllium)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Wha Kim ◽  
Adams Hei Long Yuen ◽  
Cherry Tsz Ching Poon ◽  
Joon Oh Hwang ◽  
Chang Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Evolutionary Developmental Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractDue to their important phylogenetic position among extant vertebrates, sharks are an invaluable group in evolutionary developmental biology studies. A thorough understanding of shark anatomy is essential to facilitate these studies and documentation of this iconic taxon. With the increasing availability of cross-sectional imaging techniques, the complicated anatomy of both cartilaginous and soft tissues can be analyzed non-invasively, quickly, and accurately. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed anatomical description of the normal banded houndshark (Triakis scyllium) using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with cryosection images. Three banded houndsharks were scanned using a 64-detector row spiral CT scanner and a 3 T MRI scanner. All images were digitally stored and assessed using open-source Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine viewer software in the transverse, sagittal, and dorsal dimensions. The banded houndshark cadavers were then cryosectioned at approximately 1-cm intervals. Corresponding transverse cryosection images were chosen to identify the best anatomical correlations for transverse CT and MRI images. The resulting images provided excellent detail of the major anatomical structures of the banded houndshark. The illustrations in the present study could be considered as a useful reference for interpretation of normal and pathological imaging studies of sharks.

Teeth in the maxillary sinus – imaging and management

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 820-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lipa Bodner ◽  
Ferit Tovi ◽  
Jacob Bar-Ziv
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Maxillary Antrum ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plain Film Radiography ◽  
Sinus Wall ◽  
Prediction Of Prognosis

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the images obtained by CT in diagnosis and treatment plan of teeth in the maxillary sinus.MethodsTwelve patients with teeth in the maxillary sinus were studied by plain film radiography(PFR) and by CT with a dental software programme, which displays multiple panoramic and cross-sectional views of the mandible and maxilla. The three-dimensional morphology of the tooth, its inclination, proximity to the sinus wall, surgical planning and prediction of prognosis and complications were estimated on both PFR and on CT scans and scored.ResultsThe radiographical features interpreted from PFR were fair or poorly diagnosed whereas CT provided excellent features. The surgical approach of choice was based on CT interpretation.ConclusionCT is useful for diagnosis and treatment planning of teeth in the maxillary antrum.

Superior-capsular elongation and its significance in atraumatic posteroinferior multidirectional shoulder instability in magnetic resonance arthrography

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chih Hsu ◽  
Ru-Yu Pan ◽  
Yen-Yu I. Shih ◽  
Meei-Shyuan Lee ◽  
Guo-Shu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Mr Arthrography ◽  
Supraspinatus Tendon ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Rotator Interval ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Linear Distance

Background: Redundancy of the capsule has been considered to be the main pathologic condition responsible for atraumatic posteroinferior multidirectional shoulder instability; however, there is a paucity of measurements providing quantitative diagnosis. Purpose: To determine the significance of superior-capsular elongation and its relevance to atraumatic posteroinferior multidirectional shoulder instability at magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography. Material and Methods: MR arthrography was performed in 21 patients with atraumatic posteroinferior multidirectional shoulder instability and 21 patients without shoulder instability. One observer made the measurements in duplicate and was blinded to the two groups. The superior-capsular measurements (linear distance and cross-sectional area) under the supraspinatus tendon, and the rotator interval were determined on MR arthrography and evaluated for each of the two groups. Results: For the superior-capsular measurements, the linear distance under the supraspinatus tendon was significantly longer in patients with atraumatic posteroinferior multidirectional shoulder instability than in control subjects ( P<0.001). The cross-sectional area under the supraspinatus tendon, and the rotator interval were significantly increased in patients with atraumatic posteroinferior multidirectional shoulder instability compared to control subjects ( P<0.001 and P=0.01, respectively). Linear distance greater than 1.6 mm under the supraspinatus tendon had a specificity of 95% and a sensitivity of 90% for diagnosing atraumatic posteroinferior multidirectional shoulder instability. Cross-sectional area under the supraspinatus tendon greater than 0.3 cm2, or an area under the rotator interval greater than 1.4 cm2 had a specificity of more than 80% and a sensitivity of 90%. Conclusion: The superior-capsular elongation as well as its diagnostic criteria of measurements by MR arthrography revealed in the present study could serve as references for diagnosing atraumatic posteroinferior shoulder instability and offer insight into the spectrum of imaging findings corresponding to the pathologies encountered at clinical presentation.

Radiographic imaging

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L. Rowbotham ◽  
Andrew J. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Radiographic Imaging ◽  
Connective Tissue Disorders ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
Neuropathic Arthropathy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plain Film Radiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging

Plain film radiography is often the first imaging modality employed in the assessment of patients with a rheumatological condition. More recently this has been superseded by cross-sectional imaging, in particular ultrasound and MRI, which have improved sensitivity in detection of early disease when compared with plain film imaging. However, there remains a role for conventional radiography in both the initial diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. A standard approach to assessing radiographs in the context of arthropathy is usually employed by radiologists; by following this structured review a diagnosis or narrow differential may be reached on plain film imaging alone. Plain film radiograph findings of the most common rheumatological disorders are covered in detail in this chapter including osteoarthritis, the inflammatory arthritides, and crystal arthropathy. Findings in the connective tissue disorders are then covered, followed by less commonly encountered conditions such as SAPHO, neuropathic arthropathy, and haemochromotosis.

Brain Imaging in Functional Mental Disorders

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Young ◽  
Peter Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Eeg Topography

The application of brain imaging techniques to psychiatry is reviewed with respect to computerized tomography (CT), EEG topography, positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). While early computerized tomography studies have suggested structural abnormalities in schizophrenia, more recent studies have shown that most schizophrenics and patients with other disorders have normal CT scans. EEG topography and positron emission tomography have not been evaluated as fully as computerized tomography. However, preliminary studies indicate some functional abnormalities in schizophrenia and affective disorders compared to normal controls. Magnetic resonance imaging shows promise but has had only a limited application to date in psychiatry.

scholarly journals A new magnetic resonance-based technique for high-resolution quantification of amorphous and quasi-amorphous structures

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (123) ◽  
pp. 20160589
Author(s):  
James Rafferty ◽  
Lance Farr ◽  
Tim James ◽  
David Chase ◽  
John Heinrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biological Structures ◽  
The One

We present a novel, high-resolution magnetic resonance technique, fine structure analysis (FSA) for the quantification and analysis of amorphous and quasi-amorphous biological structures. The one-dimensional technique is introduced mathematically and then applied to one simulated phantom, two physical phantoms and a set of ex vivo biological samples, scanned with interpoint spacings of 0.0038–0.195 mm and cross-sectional sizes of 3 × 3 or 5 × 5 mm. The simulated phantom and one of the physical phantoms consists of randomly arranged beads of known size in two and three dimensions, respectively. The second physical phantom was constructed by etching lines on Perspex. The ex vivo samples are human bone specimens. We show that for all three phantoms, the FSA technique is able to elucidate the average spacing of the structures present within each sample using structural spectroscopy, the smallest of which was 180 µm in size. We further show that in samples of trabecular bone, FSA is able to produce comparable results to micro-computed tomography, the current gold standard for measuring bone microstructure, but without the need for ionizing radiation. Many biological structures are too small to be captured by conventional, clinically deployed medical imaging techniques. FSA has the potential for use in the analysis of pathologies where such small-scale repeating structures are disrupted or their size, and spacing is otherwise altered.

The Supraclavicular Artery Perforator Flap: A Comparative Study of Imaging Techniques Used in Preoperative Mapping

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (07) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kawa Mahmood ◽  
Nzar Hamawandi ◽  
Aram Mirza ◽  
Jawad Hawas ◽  
Esther Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Angiography ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Digital Subtraction Angiography ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Indocyanine Green Angiography ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Digital Subtraction ◽  
Computerized Tomography Angiography ◽  
Preoperative Mapping

Background The supraclavicular artery flap is an excellent flap for head and neck reconstruction. The aim of this study is to assess imaging techniques to define the precise vascular boundaries of this flap. Methods Six imaging techniques were used for supraclavicular artery mapping in 65 cases; handheld Doppler, triplex ultrasound, computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, digital subtraction angiography, and indocyanine green angiography. We checked the site of the perforators, the course of a supraclavicular artery, and anatomical mapping of the supraclavicular artery. Results Handheld Doppler identified perforators' sites in 80% of the cases but showed no results for the course of the vessel. Triplex ultrasound identified the site of perforators in 52.9%, and partial mapping of the course of a supraclavicular artery in 64.7% of the cases. Computerized tomography angiography showed the site of perforators in 60%, and the course of supraclavicular artery completely in 45%, and partially in an additional 30%of the cases examined. Magnetic resonance angiography showed negative results for all parameters. Digital subtraction angiography showed the partial course of a supraclavicular artery in 62.5%, but showed no perforators. Indocyanine green angiography showed the site of perforators in 60% and a partial course of supraclavicular artery distal to perforators in 60%.Anatomical mapping of the vessel was possible with computerized tomography angiogram completely in 45%, and partially in 30%, and was also possible with indocyanine green angiography partially in 60%. Conclusion Computerized tomography angiography showed best results in the mapping of the supraclavicular artery, but with an inability to define the perforator perfusion territories, and also with risks of irradiation, while indocyanine green angiography is a good alternative as it could precisely map the superficial course of the artery and angiosomes, with no radiation exposure.

Imaging of arthritis in the foot and ankle

2019 ◽  
pp. 197-226
Author(s):  
Emma Rowbotham ◽  
Richard Wakefield ◽  
Andrew Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Radiological Investigation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Rheumatological Disease ◽  
Conventional Radiology

This chapter discusses imaging of the foot and ankle in rheumatological disease, including the advantages and disadvantages of specific techniques by disease. Conventional radiology remains the mainstay for radiological investigation, and a systematic approach to viewing the plain film radiographs is covered. Findings by imaging technique and disease are described. Computerized tomography, nuclear medicine, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound are all analysed.

The pathogenesis of Kirner’s deformity: A clinical, radiological and histological study

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Fairbank ◽  
W. M. Rozen ◽  
C. J. Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Radiological Investigation ◽  
Plain Film Radiography ◽  
Kirner’S Deformity

The distal phalanx in Kirner’s disease is abnormal and recognizable both clinically and radiologically. Despite previous investigation, the cause of these abnormalities is not clear. The current study seeks to evaluate the abnormal physis in Kirner’s deformity using radiological investigation, intraoperative observation and histopathological assessment in three clinical cases. Similarities with clinodactyly are described. Three patients with Kirner’s deformity underwent plain-film radiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Intraoperative observations were recorded, and histologic assessment of anatomically abnormal tissue was performed in all three cases. All three modalities of investigation (plain-film X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging and histological findings) were consistent and supported the intraoperative observation of cartilage abnormally situated anterior to the diaphysis and deep to the flexor tendon. There is thus evidence for the presence of an incomplete volar bracket or L-shaped physis in Kirner’s deformity, analogous with the C-shaped bracket found in clinodactyly. Level of Evidence: Aetiological Study; Level 4

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