scholarly journals Immune-inflammatory activation after a single laparotomy in a rat model: effect of adenosine, lidocaine and Mg2+ infusion to dampen the stress response

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 482-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Davenport ◽  
Hayley L Letson ◽  
Geoffrey P Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Activation ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Coagulation Status ◽  
Acid Base Disturbance

Our aim was to examine the effect of low-volume 0.9% NaCl adenosine, lidocaine and Mg2+ (ALM) ‘drip’ on early immune-inflammatory activation after a single laparotomy with no further manipulation. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized and randomly assigned to one of the groups, baseline, 1 h infusion 0.9% NaCl ± ALM and metrics, 1 h infusion and 6-h metrics, and 6 h continuous infusion and metrics. Complete blood count, acid–base balance, systemic levels of IL-6 and IL-10, and coagulation status were measured. After 1 h, there was a disproportionate increase in circulating neutrophils between saline and ALM groups despite an identical 45% fall in lymphocytes. Disproportionate increases also occurred in platelet counts 1 h after surgery, and saline controls had increased respiratory alkalosis at 6 h with higher lactate. Systemic inflammation was also evident after 1 h in both groups (plasma IL-6 increase) and was amplified in saline-controls after 6 h. The ALM group increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Surgery was not associated with acute coagulopathy; however, there were significant reductions in fibrinolysis. Following a single laparotomy, ALM infusion appeared to reduce stress-induced release of neutrophils and platelets into the circulation, and reduced acid–base disturbance. After 1 h, both groups had similar IL-6 levels, but ALM animals had increased IL-10, indicating improved inflammatory balance. The uncoupling of inflammation and coagulation activation but not fibrinolysis may offer a unique opportunity to investigate differential activation of innate immunity in response to sterile injury in this model.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Erythropoietin Production by Cobaltous Chloride

Blood ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn E. Miller ◽  
Donald Howard ◽  
Frederick Stohlman ◽  
Patricia Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Erythropoietin Production ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Subsequent Effect ◽  
Significant Measure ◽  
Dose Levels

Abstract Normal and nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with CoCl2 at three dose levels, 10, 20, and 25 µm/ 100 g body weight. The effects of this drug on acid-base balance were related to the production of erythropoietin. Within 6 hr after the administration of CoCl2 to normal rats, a dose-related respiratory alkalosis occurred associated with an increase in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. This was followed by an increase in the production of erythropoietin. Nephrectomy altered the acid-base balance of the animal such that a profound acidosis occurred after the administration of CoCl2 with an associated decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. Erythropoietin could not be detected in these nephrectomized rats given CoCl2. These findings demonstrate that the production of erythropoietin after the administration of CoCl2 is related in significant measure to changes in acid-base balance with its subsequent effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.

The effects of enforced activity on ventilation, circulation and blood acid-base balance in the semi-terrestrial anuran, Bufo marinus

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Author(s):  
D. G. McDonald ◽  
R. G. Boutilier ◽  
D. P. Toews
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Acid Base Disturbance ◽  
Base Disturbance

Strenuous exercise results in a marked blood acid-base disturbance which is accompanied by large increases in ventilation rate, heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. Recovery to normal resting values follows an exponential time course with a half-time of approximately 2 h for all parameters except Pa, CO2 and ventilation rate. The latter return to normal by 30 min following the exercise period. Analysis reveals that there is initially a large discrepancy between the quantity of metabolic acids buffered in the blood and the blood lactate levels. The significance of this finding is discussed. Significant changes in the concentrations of chloride, bicarbonate and lactate, in both plasma and erythrocytes, accompany the blood acid-base disturbance. Chloride and bicarbonate appear to be passively distributed between the two compartments according to a Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium whereas lactate only slowly permeates the erythrocyte.

Practical Evaluation of Acid-Base Balance

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Herbert P Jacobi ◽  
Anthony J Barak ◽  
Meyer Beber
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
Practical Evaluation ◽  
Base Balance

Abstract The Co2 combining power bears a variable relationship to the in vivo plasma bicarbonate concentration, depending upon the type and severity of acid-base distortion. In respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis the Co2 combining power will usually be greater than the in vivo plasma bicarbonate concentration; whereas, in respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis the Co2 combining power will usually be less. Co2 content, on the other hand, will always parallel the in vivo plasma bicarbonate concentration quite closely, being only slightly greater. These facts, together with other considerations which are discussed, recommend the abandonment of the determination of CO2 combining power.

Effect of systemic acid-base balance on ileal secretion

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. G330-G335
Author(s):  
D. S. Goldfarb ◽  
P. M. Ingrassia ◽  
A. N. Charney
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Secretory Process ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Base Balance

We previously reported that systemic pH and HCO3 concentration affect ileal water and electrolyte absorption. To determine whether these effects could influence an ongoing secretory process, we measured transport in ileal loops exposed to either saline or 50-75 micrograms cholera toxin in mechanically ventilated Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The effects of acute respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis were then examined. Decreases in systemic pH during respiratory acidosis caused equivalent increases in net water (54 +/- 8 microliters . cm-1 . h-1) and Na absorption (7 +/- 1 mu eq . cm- . h-1) and smaller increases in Cl absorption in cholera toxin compared with saline loops. These increases reversed the net secretion of these ions observed during alkalemia in the cholera toxin loops to net absorption. Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis and respiratory compensation of systemic pH of these metabolic disorders also altered cholera toxin-induced secretion in a direction consistent with the pH change. The increase in net HCO3 secretion caused by cholera toxin was unaffected by the respiratory disorders and did not vary with the HCO3 concentration in the metabolic disorders. These findings suggest that the systemic acid-base disorders that characterize intestinal secretory states may themselves alter intestinal absorptive function and fluid losses.

The effect of heat stress on respiratory alkalosis, blood acid base balance and insulin sensitivity in cinnamon supplemented pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2415
Author(s):  
J. J. Cottrell ◽  
F. Liu ◽  
S. Wan ◽  
U. A. Wijesiriwardana ◽  
K. DiGiacomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

scholarly journals Acid-base balance of dairy cows and its relationship with alcoholic stability and mineral composition of milk

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Fagnani ◽  
Vanerli Beloti ◽  
Ana Paula P. Battaglini
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

This study aimed to associate the occurrence of acid-base disorders with the alcoholic stability of milk from animals in the field, and to evaluate differences between the mineral composition of milk that was both stable and unstable in alcohol. The sample comprised 96 dairy cows, where the milk and blood of each corresponding animal was collected. The mineral composition of stable and unstable milk in alcohol was different and may be related to acid-base disturbances. The average amount of phosphate was lower in the milk that was unstable in alcohol, while potassium was greater. Frequency of the alcoholically unstable milk cases was higher in the cows with acid-base disturbances. Respiratory alkalosis was the disorder that was most observed.

Acid-base balance and arterial and CSF lactate levels following human head injury

1974 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel R. King ◽  
Robert L. McLaurin ◽  
Harvey C. Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Csf Lactate ◽  
Lactate Levels

✓ Sequential arterial and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate, pH, pCO2, HCO3−, and pO2 levels were determined for 4 days in 17 patients immediately following uncomplicated head injury. Lactate was initially markedly elevated in both fluids and decreased by the third day after injury. There was mild arterial metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis on admission; the alkalosis continued. Arterial pO2 was below normal at all times. The CSF showed a normal pO2, and metabolic acidosis related to lactate accumulation. Blood and CSF pCO2 and HCO3− levels equilibrated well, probably because of the time factor; CSF and arterial pO2 levels were not significantly related. The clinical implications of CSF lacticacidosis after head injury are discussed.

Acid-base balance at high altitude in lowlanders and indigenous highlanders

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Tymko ◽  
Christopher K. Willie ◽  
Connor A. Howe ◽  
Ryan L. Hoiland ◽  
Rachel Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Altitude Exposure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Base Balance

High-altitude exposure results in a hyperventilatory-induced respiratory alkalosis followed by renal compensation (bicarbonaturia) to return arterial blood pH(a) toward sea-level values. However, acid-base balance has not been comprehensively examined in both lowlanders and indigenous populations - where the latter are thought to be fully adapted to high-altitude. The purpose of this investigation was to compare acid-base balance between acclimatizing lowlanders, and Andean and Sherpa highlanders at various altitudes (~3,800, ~4,300, and ~5,000 m). We compiled data collected across five independent high-altitude expeditions and report the following novel findings: 1) at 3,800 m, Andeans (n=7) had elevated pHa compared to Sherpas (n=12; P<0.01), but not to lowlanders (n=16; nine days acclimatized; P=0.09); 2) at 4,300 m, lowlanders (n=16; 21 days acclimatized) had elevated pHa compared to Andeans (n=32) and Sherpas (n=11; both P<0.01), and Andeans had elevated pHa compared to Sherpas (P=0.01); and 3) at 5,000 m, lowlanders (n=16; 14 days acclimatized) had higher pHa compared to both Andeans (n=66) and Sherpas (n=18; P<0.01, and P=0.03, respectively), and Andean and Sherpa highlanders had similar blood pHa (P=0.65). These novel data characterize acid-base balance acclimatization and adaptation to various altitudes in lowlanders and indigenous highlanders.

scholarly journals Effects of NaHCO3 loading on acid-base balance, lactate concentration, and performance in racing greyhounds

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyle D. Kesl ◽  
Richard L. Engen
Keyword(s):  
Base Excess ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Recovery Curves ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Times ◽  
And Control ◽  
Acid Base Disturbance

This investigation examined the effects of NaHCO3 loading on lactate concentration ([La]), acid-base balance, and performance for a 603.5-m sprint task. Ten greyhounds completed a NaHCO3 (300 mg/kg body weight) and control trial in a crossover design. Results are expressed as means ± SE. Presprint differences ( P < 0.05) were found for NaHCO3 vs. control, respectively, for blood pH (7.47 ± 0.01 vs. 7.42 ± 0.01), [Formula: see text] (28.4 ± 0.4 vs. 23.5 ± 0.3 meq/l), and base excess (5.0 ± 0.3 vs. 0.2 ± 0.3 meq/l). Peak blood [La] increased ( P < 0.05) in NaHCO3 vs. control (20.4 ± 1.6 vs. 16.9 ± 1.3 mM, respectively). Relative to control, NaHCO3 produced a greater ( P < 0.05) reduction in blood base excess (−18.5 ± 1.4 vs. −14.1 ± 0.8 meq/l) and[Formula: see text] (−17.4 ± 1.2 vs. −12.8 ± 0.7 meq/l) from presprint to postexercise. Postexercise peak muscle H+concentration ([H+]) was higher ( P < 0.05) in NaHCO3 vs. control (158.8 ± 8.8 vs. 137.0 ± 5.3 nM, respectively). Muscle [H+] recovery half-time (7.2 ± 1.6 vs. 11.3 ± 1.6 min) and time to predose values (22.2 ± 2.4 vs. 32.9 ± 4.0 min) were reduced ( P < 0.05) in NaHCO3 vs. control, respectively. No differences were found in blood [H+] or blood [La] recovery curves or performance times. NaHCO3 increased postexercise blood [La] but did not reduce the muscle or blood acid-base disturbance associated with a 603.5-m sprint or significantly affect performance.

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