scholarly journals List Experiments, Political Sophistication, and Vote Buying: Experimental Evidence from Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-234
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Castro Cornejo ◽  
Ulises Beltrán
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
Survey Techniques

This research conducted list experiments to estimate the percentage of respondents who received electoral gifts during the 2015 legislative and the 2015 and 2017 subnational campaigns in Mexico. Consistent with recent studies on sensitive survey techniques, our research finds that list experiments seem to methodologically work better among more sophisticated voters (e.g. those with higher levels of education). Such findings suggest that previous studies that rely on list experiments tend to underestimate the percentage of voters who receive electoral gifts since this technique tends to work better among respondents who are, in fact, least likely to be targeted by clientelistic strategies. Given levels of education in the region, we suggest that research solely relying on list experiments approach its empirical findings with caution.

Pressure, Favours, and Vote-buying: Experimental Evidence from Romania and Bulgaria

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 940-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Mares ◽  
Aurelian Muntean ◽  
Tsveta Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Vote Buying

Kicking Up a Fuss?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Real World ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
The Public ◽  
European Public ◽  
The Eu ◽  
The Way

This chapter demonstrates that public opinion towards the EU is highly responsive to changes in real-world conditions and moves in predictable ways. The analysis in the chapter combines natural experimental evidence with uniquely designed survey experimental evidence to show that support and scepticism react both to national and European events. This underlines the importance of the benchmark theory of European public opinion that this book presents. Moreover, the findings reported in this chapter support the intuition outlined in Chapter 2 that people are able to distinguish the policies a system provides from the way the system operates. Finally, the chapter shows that the public is responsive to changes in real-world conditions regardless of the level of political sophistication that individuals exhibit.

scholarly journals The Conditionality of Vote-Buying Norms: Experimental Evidence from Latin America

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Gonzalez Ocantos ◽  
Chad Kiewiet de Jonge ◽  
David W. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Vote Buying

Vote Buying and Social Desirability Bias: Experimental Evidence from Nicaragua

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Gonzalez-Ocantos ◽  
Chad Kiewiet de Jonge ◽  
Carlos Meléndez ◽  
Javier Osorio ◽  
David W. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Desirability Bias ◽  
Vote Buying

scholarly journals Carrots and sticks: Experimental evidence of vote-buying and voter intimidation in Guatemala

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Gonzalez-Ocantos ◽  
Chad Kiewiet de Jonge ◽  
Carlos Meléndez ◽  
David Nickerson ◽  
Javier Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Desirability Bias ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
The Social ◽  
Commitment Problem ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
The Cost

How do parties target intimidation and vote-buying during elections? Parties prefer the use of carrots over sticks because they are in the business of getting voters to like them and expect higher legitimacy costs if observers expose intimidation. However, their brokers sometimes choose intimidation because it is cheaper and possibly more effective than vote-buying. Specifically, we contend that brokers use intimidation when the cost of buying votes is prohibitively high; in interactions with voters among whom the commitment problem inherent to clientelistic transactions is difficult to overcome; and in contexts where the risk of being denounced for violence is lower. We probe our hypotheses about the different profile of voters targeted with vote-buying and intimidation using two list experiments included in an original survey conducted during the 2011 Guatemalan general elections. The list experiments were designed to overcome the social desirability bias associated with direct questions about illegal or stigmatized behaviors. Our quantitative analysis is supplemented by interviews with politicians from various parties. The analysis largely confirms our expectations about the diametrically opposed logics of vote-buying and intimidation targeting, and illuminates how both are key components of politics in a country with weak parties and high levels of violence.

How do memory modules differentially contribute to familiarity and recollection?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olya Hakobyan ◽  
Sen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Memory Modules ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Memory Contents

Abstract We fully support dissociating the subjective experience from the memory contents in recognition memory, as Bastin et al. posit in the target article. However, having two generic memory modules with qualitatively different functions is not mandatory and is in fact inconsistent with experimental evidence. We propose that quantitative differences in the properties of the memory modules can account for the apparent dissociation of recollection and familiarity along anatomical lines.

Redox Reactions in Lipid Membranes as a Model for Primordial Energy-Conserving Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Salvatore Di Bernardo ◽  
Romana Fato ◽  
Giorgio Lenaz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Asymmetrical Distribution ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractOne of the peculiar aspects of living systems is the production and conservation of energy. This aspect is provided by specialized organelles, such as the mitochondria and chloroplasts, in developed living organisms. In primordial systems lacking specialized enzymatic complexes the energy supply was probably bound to the generation and maintenance of an asymmetric distribution of charged molecules in compartmentalized systems. On the basis of experimental evidence, we suggest that lipophilic quinones were involved in the generation of this asymmetrical distribution of charges through vectorial redox reactions across lipid membranes.

A Method for Setting the Clearance Angle

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
Michael T. Bucek ◽  
Howard J. Arnott
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Clearance Angle ◽  
Crude Approximation ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

It is believed by the authors, with supporting experimental evidence, that as little as 0.5°, or less, knife clearance angle may be a critical factor in obtaining optimum quality ultrathin sections. The degree increments located on the knife holder provides the investigator with only a crude approximation of the angle at which the holder is set. With the increments displayed on the holder one cannot set the clearance angle precisely and reproducibly. The ability to routinely set this angle precisely and without difficulty would obviously be of great assistance to the operator. A device has been contrived to aid the investigator in precisely setting the clearance angle. This device is relatively simple and is easily constructed. It consists of a light source and an optically flat, front surfaced mirror with a minute black spot in the center. The mirror is affixed to the knife by placing it permanently on top of the knife holder.

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