scholarly journals Alteration in the Respiratory Pathway of the Freshwater Fish Channa Punctatus Induced by Euphorbia Royleana Stem Bark Extract

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0600100
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu Tiwari ◽  
Ajay Singh
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Channa Punctatus ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Diethyl Ether Extract

The piscicidal activity of the diethyl ether extract of Euphorbia royleana stem bark has been well established, but its ultimate mode of action and short, as well as long-term, biochemical effects are not yet known. Exposure of fish for either 24 or 96 hours to sub-lethal doses (40% and 80% of LC50) of the diethyl ether extract of the stem bark, significantly (P<0.05) altered total protein, total free amino acids, nucleic acids, glycogen, pyruvate, and lactate levels, as well as protease, aminotransferase, phosphatases and cytochrome oxidase enzyme activity in liver and muscle tissue of the freshwater fish Channa punctatus. These alterations were significantly (P<0.05) time and dose dependent. Thus, the diethyl ether extract of E. royleana stem bark shifts the aerobic pathway of fish respiration towards the anaerobic segment and also suppresses ATP production. This toxic effect was reversible, and seven days after withdrawal, all biochemical parameters were back to normal. These results support the view that the diethyl ether extract of E. royleana stem bark can be used for controlling unwanted populations of the predatory fish C. punctatus from aquaculture ponds.

scholarly journals Effect of Euphorbia royleana on Growing Stages of Freshwater Fish Channa punctatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Singh Jaya ◽  
Singh Digvijay ◽  
Singh Ajay
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Channa Punctatus ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Bioassay Test ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Static Bioassay

In this study toxicity of Euphorbia royleana latex and stem bark extract was evaluated in a static bioassay test for the fry and fingerlings of freshwater fish Channa punctatus. For fry the LC50 values for Euphorbia royleana latex were 12.66, 6.27, 4.04 and 3.05 mg/L whereas for stem bark extract the LC50 values were 113.77, 89.16, 71.99 and 56.59 mg/L for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. It seems that toxicity of latex was more pronounced as compared to stem bark extract. The LC50 values for latex for fingerlings were 22.58, 18.14, 14.99 and 12.34 mg/L whereas for stem bark extract the LC50 values were 614.35, 585.06, 535.93 and 475.37 mg/L for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. The activities of the latex and stem bark extract were time- and dose-dependant. The present study clearly indicates that Euphorbia royleana extracts should be applied with great precautions nearby the aquatic reservoirs as it is toxic to growing stages of the fish.

scholarly journals Isolation and Elucidation Structure of 28-Hydroxy-3-Friedelanone of Nyamplung (Callophyllum inophyllum, Linn.) Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Triana Kusumaningsih ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Widyo Wartono ◽  
Nais Puji Wijanarti ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Nonpolar Solvent ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Diethyl Ether Extract ◽  
Isolated Compound

The isolation triterpenoid from Nyamplung (Callophyllum inophyllum, Linn.) leaves has been conducted. The isolation was employed by maceration using ethanol as solvent and liquids extraction using ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate extract was partitioned successively using nonpolar solvent with hexane, dichloromethane, and diethyl ether, respectively. The diethyl ether extract was purified by column chromatography. The isolated compound of fraction D1 was obtained as white solids crystal with yield of 0.0035%. The isolated compound was determined based on the FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, HSQC, and HMBC spectra. The isolated compound was identified as 28-hydroxy-3-friedelanone.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Komposisi Kimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Biji Kurma (Phoenix dactylifera)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-189
Author(s):  
Yusraini Dian Inayati Siregar ◽  
Tarso Rudiana ◽  
Windi Riyadi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Diethyl Ether Extract

Dates are a component of dates that have 6.10-11.47% of all dates. In some countries, dates are a major problem in the processing industry because the seeds currently only become waste. This research was conducted to determine the solvent that produces the largest yield using the soxhletation method and determine its antioxidant activity. Dates are disoxletasion with a variety of solvents n-hexane, diethyl ether, and ethanol. Also carried out the variation of extraction time for 1.5; 2; and 2.5 hours. Based on the results of the study showed that the results of the largest date seed extract were obtained using ethanol of 4.93% for 2.5 hours. Antioxidant activity of date palm seed extract (IC50) using DPPH ethanol extract method has IC50 of 2.27 ppm; n-hexane extract 8396.56 ppm; and diethyl ether extract 9826.88 ppm. Inhibition of date palm seed extract using the TBA method derived from ethanol extract of 98.22% at a concentration of 250 ppm. The results of the analysis using LC-MS showed that ethanol extract was thought to contain 13-hydroxyabscisic acid compound, 1-ethylidene-4-methylidene-2oxo-7-(propan-2-il)-tocahydro-1H-indent-5-il- 3-methylpent-2-enoate, 12-hydroxy-acid (8,10,14) -eicosatrienoic and 1-hydroxy-3- (pentadecanoiloxy) propan-2-il (5,8,11,14) -icosa-5, 8,11,14-tetraenoate. The results of the analysis using GC-MS on n-hexane extract showed 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and 9-octadecenoic acid. Diethyl ether extract contains 9-octadecenoic acid and mono (2-ethylhexyl) benzocarboxylic acid.  

scholarly journals Chromenes and Prenylated Benzoic Acid Derivatives from the Liverwort Pedinophyllum interruptum

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 825-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildegard Feld ◽  
David S. Rycroft ◽  
Josef Zapp
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Benzoic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Diethyl Ether Extract

The chemical composition of a diethyl ether extract of the Scottish liverwort Pedinophyllum interruptum has been examined. Two new prenylated benzoic acid derivatives, methyl 2,6- dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3-(3’-methyl-2’-butenyl)benzoate and methyl 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-(3’-methyl- 2’-butenyl)benzoate, two new chromenes, methyl 5,7-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene-6- carboxylate and methyl 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene-8-carboxylate, and the two known chromenes methyl 8-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene-6-carboxylate and methyl 8- methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene-6-carboxylate were isolated. Methyl 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-(3’- methyl-2’-butenyl)benzoate was unstable in air and was quickly converted into methyl 2,4,6- trihydroxy-3-(2’-hydroperoxy-3’-methyl-3’-butenyl)benzoate. All structures were elucidated by means of NMR spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals Relative Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of Eucalyptus globulus and Centella asiatica against Mosquito Vectors Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savitha Sekhar Nair ◽  
Vinaya Shetty ◽  
Nadikere Jaya Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Diethyl Ether Extract ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

The larvicidal activity of different solvent leaf extracts (hexane, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, and methanol) of Eucalyptus globulus and Centella asiatica against two geographically different strains of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi was investigated. The extracts were tested against the late third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi, and larval mortality was observed after 24 hours of treatment. LC50 and LC90 were calculated. The LC50 values of hexane extract of Eucalyptus globulus against the late third instar larvae of the BSN and JPN strains of Aedes aegypti and the DLC and KNG strains of Anopheles stephensi were 225.2, 167.7, 118.8, and 192.8 ppm, while those of the hexane extract of Centella asiatica were 246.5, 268.7, 50.6, and 243.5 ppm, respectively. The LC50 values of diethyl ether extract of Centella asiatica were 339.6, 134.5, 241, and 14.7 ppm. The hexane extracts of both plants and the diethyl ether extract of C. asiatica presented the highest potential for the control of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. The present findings also reveal the necessity of assaying multiple strains of a species to fully comprehend the larvicidal efficacy of a compound.

Anticonceptive and Pharmacognostic Studies on the Seed and Diethyl Ether Extract of RICOM-1013-J

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
A Olayinka ◽  
O Onorovwe ◽  
C Isichei ◽  
I Usar ◽  
O Ekwere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Diethyl Ether Extract

scholarly journals A Puna Collection of Senecio punae, Main Source of a Versatile Eremophilane-type Ketone

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
Ana María Rodríguez ◽  
Susana Montanaro ◽  
Alicia Bardón ◽  
Elena Cartagena ◽  
Susana Borkosky
Keyword(s):  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Desert Region ◽  
Diethyl Ether Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
First Time ◽  
D 23 ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Senecio punae Cabrera (Asteraceae-Senecioneae) is an endemic species from Puna semi-desert region of Argentina. The major compound, 4β,5β-eremophil-7(11)9-dien-8-one, also known as dehydrofukinone (D), was isolated from the diethyl ether extract (E) of the plant. The phytochemical constituents from S punae are presented here for the first time, as well as bioassays employing D, a molecule with versatility to carry out many different biological activities. E and D showed acute molluscicidal activity against the bilharzia vector snail Biomphalaria peregrina with LD50 values of 68.6 and 16.7 μg/mL, respectively. D exerted moderate and strong effects against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and L. braziliensis, with IC50 values of 34.3±1.2 and 9.93±0.17 μg/mL, respectively. Antibacterial effects were also found. Diethyl ether extract (E) and dehydrofukinone (D) were slightly active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus at 50 and 25 μg/mL, respectively. However, D and E improved the effectiveness of oxacillin at 6 μg/mL against S aureus growth and its biofilm, but did not affect beneficial lactobacilli strains. Synergistic effects were also measured between D (23 μg/mL) and ciprofloxacin (0.25 μg/mL) against two P. aeruginosa strains (FIC index = 0.38), as well as against two S aureus strains (FIC indexes = 0.38 and 0.25). Finally, when 250 μg of either dehydrofukinone (D) or diethyl ether extract (E) were incorporated into the diet of the pest Oryzaephillus surinamensis, an alteration in the feeding behavior of the insect (Repellency indexes = +60 and +10, respectively) was observed.

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