Antiviral and Cytotoxic Activities of Polysaccharides Extracted from Four Tropical Seaweed Species

Polysaccharides extracted from Rhodymenia pseudopalmata, Solieria filiformis, Hydropuntia cornea (Rhodophyta) and Sargassum fluitans (Phaeophyceae) were evaluated for its cytotoxic and antiviral activities against Herpes simplex virus (HSV-Type 1). Chemical structures were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and 13C-NMR analyses. Polysaccharides from Sargassum fluitans (EC50 = 42.8 μg/ml) and Solieria filiformis (EC50 = 136.0 μg/ml) showed antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type-I in vitro at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01 ID50/cells without cytotoxicity (1–200 μg/mL). The activity observed suggests that sulphation, molecular weight and carbohydrate nature of these polysaccharides may be involved in this activity. To better understand the antiviral activity of the polysaccharides evaluated, it seems important to study the mechanism of action involved. These polysaccharides could be studied further to evaluate their potential use as antiviral drugs.

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Inactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus by Photosensitizing Anthraquinones Isolated from Heterophyllaea pustulata

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-1345-6831 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. Laura Mugas ◽

Juliana Marioni ◽

Florencia Martinez ◽

Juan J. Aguilar ◽

José L. Cabrera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Antiviral Effect ◽

Neutral Red ◽

Host Cells ◽

Type I ◽

Antiherpetic Activity ◽

Simplex Virus

Abstract Heterophyllaea pustulata is a phototoxic plant from Argentina. Aerial parts extracts, high in photosensitizing anthraquinones, have shown in vitro antiviral activity. The purpose of this study was to study the antiherpetic activity of the main purified anthraquinones, even evaluating their competence as photodynamic sensitizers to photo-stimulate the antiviral effect. In vitro antiviral activity against Herpes Simplex virus type I and the photo-inactivation of viral particle were studied by the Neutral Red uptake test and observation of the cytopathic effect. Rubiadin 1-methyl ether and 5,5′-bisoranjidiol produced a significant effect (≥ 80% inhibition) with minimal damage to host cells (subtoxic concentration). Anthraquinones with poor antiherpetic activity at its maximum noncytotoxic concentration showed an important photo-stimulated effect, such is the case of soranjidiol and 5,5′-bisoranjidiol (28.0 ± 6.3 vs. 81.8 ± 2.1% and 15.5 ± 0.3 vs. 89.8 ± 1.7%, respectively). The study also proved the decrease of viral particles, necessary to reduce infection. Therefore, photosensitizing anthraquinones from natural resources could be proposed to develop new treatments for localized viral lesions with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.

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Antiviral activities of aerial subsets of Artemisia species against Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) in vitro

Asian Biomedicine ◽

10.5372/1905-7415.0501.007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 63-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Mehrangiz Khajeh Karamoddini ◽

Seyed Ahmad Emami ◽

Masoud Sabouri Ghannad ◽

Esmaeel Alizadeh Sani ◽

Amirhossein Sahebkar

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Antiviral Agents ◽

Positive Control ◽

Type I ◽

Viral Agent ◽

Dye Absorption ◽

Antiviral Activities ◽

Simplex Virus

Abstract Background: Drug resistance to current anti-herpetic drugs has been increasingly reported. Therefore, there is a need for finding new antiviral agents, in particular from natural sources. Objective: In the present study, antiviral activity of subset extracts obtained from aerial parts of Artemisia including A. incana, A. chamaemelifolia, A. campesteris, A. fragrans, A. annua, A. vulgaris, and A. persica were investigated against Herpes Simplex type I (HSV1). Methods: Different concentrations of extracts (400, 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.125 μg/mL) were obtained from subset of each plant separately, and used against KOS strain of HSV1 in HeLa cells. After 24 hours incubation, tetrazolium dye (MTT), was added. The dye absorption by viable cells was measured and compared to the positive control (extract-untreated cells) and acyclovir (as anti-viral agent). Results: The extracts obtained from A. annua had the highest antiviral activity while those of A. chamaemelifolia showed the lowest activity. Conclusion: Subset extracts of A. annua may be an appropriate candidate for further development of anti HSV1 infection.

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Antiviral Activity of the G-Quadruplex Ligand TMPyP4 against Herpes Simplex Virus-1

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13020196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 196

Author(s):

Sara Artusi ◽

Emanuela Ruggiero ◽

Matteo Nadai ◽

Beatrice Tosoni ◽

Rosalba Perrone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Dna Replication ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

Infected Cells ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Hsv 1

The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) genome is extremely rich in guanine tracts that fold into G-quadruplexes (G4s), nucleic acid secondary structures implicated in key biological functions. Viral G4s were visualized in HSV-1 infected cells, with massive virus cycle-dependent G4-formation peaking during viral DNA replication. Small molecules that specifically interact with G4s have been shown to inhibit HSV-1 DNA replication. We here investigated the antiviral activity of TMPyP4, a porphyrin known to interact with G4s. The analogue TMPyP2, with lower G4 affinity, was used as control. We showed by biophysical analysis that TMPyP4 interacts with HSV-1 G4s, and inhibits polymerase progression in vitro; in infected cells, it displayed good antiviral activity which, however, was independent of inhibition of virus DNA replication or entry. At low TMPyP4 concentration, the virus released by the cells was almost null, while inside the cell virus amounts were at control levels. TEM analysis showed that virus particles were trapped inside cytoplasmatic vesicles, which could not be ascribed to autophagy, as proven by RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis. Our data indicate a unique mechanism of action of TMPyP4 against HSV-1, and suggest the unprecedented involvement of currently unknown G4s in viral or antiviral cellular defense pathways.

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In vitro antiviral activity of antimicrobial peptides against herpes simplex virus 1, adenovirus, and rotavirus

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ◽

10.1590/s0074-02762007005000028 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 102 (4) ◽

pp. 469-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Márcia Cristina Carriel-Gomes ◽

Jadel Müller Kratz ◽

Margherita Anna Barracco ◽

Evelyne Bachére ◽

Célia Regina Monte Barardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽

Simplex Virus

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Human neutrophil – mediated destruction of antibody sensitized herpes simplex virus type I infected cells

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m78-031 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 182-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yoshaiki Fujimiya ◽

Barry T. Rouse ◽

Lorne A. Babiuk

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Human Peripheral Blood ◽

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽

Target Cells ◽

Type I ◽

Effector Cells ◽

Ability To Act ◽

Simplex Virus

Human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were tested for their ability to act as effector cells in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) against Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infected target cells sensitized with anti-HSV serum. The PMN from all 29 individuals tested could mediate ADCC in the presence of a standard human anti-HSV serum. Since PMN are prominent cells early in herpes lesions, it was hypothesized that because ADCC could represent an in vitro model for antiviral recovery, perhaps the efficacy of PMN at mediating ADCC might be impaired in those subject to frequent recrudescent herpes. However, evidence for the hypothesis was not obtained since the PMN from individuals with frequent, infrequent, or unrecorded herpes labialis all showed approximately the same activity at mediating ADCC. Alternative ways in which PMN could be involved in antiviral recovery were discussed.

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Antiviral activity of PHA767491 against human herpes simplex virus in vitro and in vivo

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-017-2305-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jue Hou ◽

Zili Zhang ◽

Qiang Huang ◽

Jun Yan ◽

Xiaohu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Human Herpes ◽

Simplex Virus

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Cytotoxic Effect (on Tumor Cells) and in Vitro Antiviral Activity against Herpes Simplex Virus of Synthetic Spongiane Diterpenes

Journal of Natural Products ◽

10.1021/np010206t ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 189-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Liliana Betancur-Galvis ◽

Carmen Zuluaga ◽

Manuel Arnó ◽

Miguel A. González ◽

Ramón J. Zaragozá

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Simplex Virus

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Potent In Vivo Antiviral Activity of the Herpes Simplex Virus Primase-Helicase Inhibitor BAY 57-1293

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.46.6.1766-1772.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 1766-1772 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Ulrich A. K. Betz ◽

Rüdiger Fischer ◽

Gerald Kleymann ◽

Martin Hendrix ◽

Helga Rübsamen-Waigmann

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Lethal Challenge ◽

Antiviral Compounds ◽

Ocular Herpes ◽

Spread Model ◽

Simplex Virus

ABSTRACT BAY 57-1293 belongs to a new class of antiviral compounds and inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2 in the nanomolar range in vitro by abrogating the enzymatic activity of the viral primase-helicase complex. In various rodent models of HSV infection the antiviral activity of BAY 57-1293 in vivo was found to be superior compared to all compounds currently used to treat HSV infections. The compound shows profound antiviral activity in murine and rat lethal challenge models of disseminated herpes, in a murine zosteriform spread model of cutaneous disease, and in a murine ocular herpes model. It is active in parenteral, oral, and topical formulations. BAY 57-1293 continued to demonstrate efficacy when the onset of treatment was initiated after symptoms of herpetic disease were already apparent.

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