scholarly journals Flavonoids and Xanthones From the Genus Iris: Phytochemistry, Relationships with Flower Colors and Taxonomy, and Activities and Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2093715
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Iwashina ◽  
Takayuki Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Belamcanda Chinensis ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
And Function

The genus Iris consists of approximately 360 species and is distributed to Eurasia, North Africa, and North America. Belamcanda chinensis was incorporated into the genus Iris by APG III as Iris domestica. Iris species have also been cultivated as ornamentals since ancient times. Many flavonoids are isolated and identified from the flowers, leaves, and rhizomes. So far as we know, 6 anthocyanidins, 13 flavones, 20 flavonols, 20 C-glycosylflavones, 14 flavanones, 11 dihydroflavonols, 6 flavan and proanthocyanidins, and 85 isoflavonoids were reported as aglycones and glycosides. However, chalcones, dihydrochalcones, aurones, biflavonoids, and neoflavonoids are not found in the genus Iris. Fifteen xanthones that are related to flavonoids were also isolated from Iris species. In this review, we describe the flavonoids and xanthones that were isolated and characterized from Iris species. Moreover, their phytochemistry, contribution to the flower colors, relationships with taxonomy, and activities and functions are also discussed.

Memory and Human Nature and our Developments: Hypothesis from Narrow Dimensions and Generalized Dimensions

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 469-473
Author(s):  
K. Yu ◽  
J.W. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Fundamental Form ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Generalized Dimensions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Original Feature

Memory in the nature of primitive features and basic functions, which plays an important role in promoting all the developments from ancient times to nowadays, is the most fundamental form of human nature. This paper will, from both narrow dimensions and generalized dimensions hypothesize and analyze the connection between memory and human nature or our developments; the original feature and function of memory, thereby, will be revealed.

scholarly journals Endogenous Mammalian Cardiotonic Steroids—A New Cardiovascular Risk Factor?—A Mini-Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Natalia Słabiak-Błaż ◽  
Grzegorz Piecha
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Sodium Homeostasis ◽  
Cardiovascular Tissue ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
And Function ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

The role of endogenous mammalian cardiotonic steroids (CTS) in the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system and the kidneys has interested researchers for more than 20 years. Cardiotonic steroids extracted from toads or plants, such as digitalis, have been used to treat heart disease since ancient times. CTS, also called endogenous digitalis-like factors, take part in the regulation of blood pressure and sodium homeostasis through their effects on the transport enzyme called sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K-ATPase) in renal and cardiovascular tissue. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence showing deleterious effects of CTS on the structure and function of the heart, vasculature and kidneys. Understanding the role of CTS may be useful in the development of potential new therapeutic strategies.

Spilocaea oleaginea. [Distribution map].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
North Africa ◽  
New South ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Olea Europea ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Spilocaea oleaginea (Cast.) Hughes. Hosts: Olive (Olea europea). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, Morocco, North Africa, Somalia, South Africa, Tunisia, Asia, China, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Turkey, USSR, Georgia, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Europe, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Crete, Sicily, Malta, Portugal, Spain, Yugoslavia, North America, USA, California, South America, Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru.

Administrative Traditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Guy Peters
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Administrative Behavior ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Bureaucracy ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
And Function

Contemporary public administration reflects its historical roots as well as contemporary ideas about how the public bureaucracy should be organized and function. This book argues that there are administrative traditions that have their roots centuries ago but continue to influence administrative behavior. Further, within Western Europe, North America, and the Antipodes there are four administrative traditions: Anglo-American, Napoleonic, Germanic, and Scandinavian. These are not the only traditions however, and the book also explores administrative traditions in Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, Asia, and the Islamic world. In addition there is a discussion of how administrative traditions of the colonial powers influenced contemporary administration in Africa. These discussions of tradition and persistence also are discussed in light of the numerous attempts to reform and change public administration.

Nicholas Said

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bashir Salau
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Sahara Desert ◽  
Insight Into

The two versions of the autobiography that Nicholas Said published offer insight into 19th-century conditions in five continents as well as insight into life as a child, slave, manservant, and teacher. As a child in the 1830s, Said was enslaved in Borno, marched across the Sahara Desert, and passed from hand to hand in North Africa and the Middle East. After serving as a slave in various societies, Said was freed by a Russian aristocrat in the late 1850s after accompanying the aristocrat in question to various parts of Europe. In the 1850s, Said also traveled as a manservant for a European traveler to South and North America. Ultimately he settled in the United States, where he authored two versions of his autobiography, served as a teacher and soldier, got married, and disappeared from sight. This article compares the two versions of the autobiography that Said published, provides an overview of Said’s life, charts the development of scholarly works on Said, and draws attention to the primary sources related to the study of Said and his autobiography.

Cycloconium oleaginum. [Distribution map].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
North Africa ◽  
New South ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Olea Europea ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cycloconium oleaginum[Spilocaea oleagina] Cast. Hosts: Olive (Olea europea). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, Morocco, North Africa, Somalia, South Africa, Tunisia, ASIA, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Turkey, USSR (Republic of Georgia), AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia (New South Wales), EUROPE, Cyprus, France, Greece (Crete), Italy (Sicily), Malta, Portugal, Spain, Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, USA, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Chile, Peru.

Mycena inclinata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Treu
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
East Siberia

Abstract A description is provided for Mycena inclinata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On stumps of deciduous trees, occasionally on living trees. DISEASE: None. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America, Europe, Canary Islands, North Africa, East Siberia, Japan (Dennis, 1986). TRANSMISSION: Via airborne basidiospores.

Another piece for the verbal -s story: Evidence from Devon in southwest England

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Godfrey ◽  
Sali Tagliamonte
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
North America ◽  
English Language ◽  
African American Vernacular English ◽  
Linguistic Feature ◽  
Vernacular English ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Vernacular ◽  
And Function ◽  
Detailed Nature

This article aims to contribute (1) new data on verbal -s by systematically examining its behavior in Devon English (DE), a variety spoken in southwest England, and (2) a broader historical and cross-dialectal perspective for understanding the origin and function of verbal -s in nonstandard varieties of English in North America. We focus on the linguistic contexts of its occurrence from the diachronic and synchronic literature. The results show that verbal -s is conditioned by phonological, syntactic, semantic, and lexical factors. These include the few variable constraints on verbal -s attested throughout the evolution of verbal -s in the history of the English language. Moreover, DE exhibits patterns of verbal -s variability that have previously been associated with African American Vernacular English (AAVE). The detailed nature of these linguistic correspondences—not only in frequency of the features examined, but most importantly in the details of an entire set of internal linguistic factors conditioning them—reveal that verbal -s is a linguistic feature of AAVE that originated in British dialects.

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