scholarly journals Effects of Salinity and Suspended Solids on Tropical Phytoplankton Mesocosm Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 194008292093976
Author(s):  
Genevieve Sew ◽  
Peter Todd
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Phytoplankton Composition ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblage ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
Natural Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton play a fundamental role in marine food webs but are affected by both natural and anthropogenic fluctuations in environmental conditions. Here, to simulate a dynamic coastal environment, we used mesocosms to examine how different salinity levels and suspended solids concentrations (SSCs) impact a natural phytoplankton assemblage collected from a tropical estuary in Singapore. Significant differences in the phytoplankton composition between the baseline and treatments with medium and high SSC were found, but not among the three salinities tested. Differences can be attributed to nutrient limitation (particularly silicate) and the use of kaolinite for the suspended sediment. Silicate limitation is likely to have caused the observed switch in dominant genus from Skeletonema sp. to Chaetoceros sp. and the occurrence of weakly silicified genera such as Cylindrotheca. Kaolinite affected phytoplankton abundance through effects such as shading, flocculation, and nutrient adsorption. These results demonstrated how the combination of various physicochemical effects of suspended solids can influence tropical phytoplankton communities. Furthermore, as suspended solids such as kaolin can be found in the natural environment, this study showed that their potential effects should be evaluated beyond just their concentration.

scholarly journals Lake Phytoplankton Assemblage Altered by Irregularly Shaped PLA Body Wash Microplastics but Not by PS Calibration Beads

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2650
Author(s):  
Kiyoko Yokota ◽  
Marissa Mehlrose
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblage ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Natural Phytoplankton

Microplastics are an emerging environmental pollutant, whose global ubiquity is becoming increasingly evident. Conventional wastewater treatment does not completely remove them, and there are growing concerns about microplastics in source water and post-treatment drinking water. Microplastics have been reported to alter the development, physiology, and behavior of various aquatic organisms; however, limited knowledge exists on their effect on natural phytoplankton communities. Many studies also use uniformly spherical plastic beads, while most scrub particles in consumer products and secondary microplastics in the environment have various shapes and sizes. We tested the effects of two types of microplastics, 50 µm polystyrene (PS) calibration beads and polylactic acid (PLA) plastic body wash scrub particles, and one type of plant-derived body wash scrub particle on a natural phytoplankton assemblage through a 7-day incubation experiment in a temperate, mesotrophic lake. The calibration beads and the plant-derived particles generally did not alter the taxonomic composition of the phytoplankton in the mesocosms, while the PLA body wash microplastics eliminated cryptophytes (p < 0.001) and increased chrysophytes (p = 0.041). Our findings demonstrate differential effects of irregularly shaped PLA body wash microplastics vs. PS calibration beads on lake phytoplankters and empirically support potential bottom-up alteration of the aquatic food web by secondary microplastics.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton adapt to changing ocean environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (18) ◽  
pp. 5762-5766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Irwin ◽  
Zoe V. Finkel ◽  
Frank E. Müller-Karger ◽  
Luis Troccoli Ghinaglia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Environmental Preferences ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
Carbon Retention

Model projections indicate that climate change may dramatically restructure phytoplankton communities, with cascading consequences for marine food webs. It is currently not known whether evolutionary change is likely to be able to keep pace with the rate of climate change. For simplicity, and in the absence of evidence to the contrary, most model projections assume species have fixed environmental preferences and will not adapt to changing environmental conditions on the century scale. Using 15 y of observations from Station CARIACO (Carbon Retention in a Colored Ocean), we show that most of the dominant species from a marine phytoplankton community were able to adapt their realized niches to track average increases in water temperature and irradiance, but the majority of species exhibited a fixed niche for nitrate. We do not know the extent of this adaptive capacity, so we cannot conclude that phytoplankton will be able to adapt to the changes anticipated over the next century, but community ecosystem models can no longer assume that phytoplankton cannot adapt.

Photoacclimation of natural phytoplankton communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 542 ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Graff ◽  
TK Westberry ◽  
AJ Milligan ◽  
MB Brown ◽  
G Dall’Olmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Natural Phytoplankton

Implementation of Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) to analyses of environmental parameters and phytoplankton biomass in a macrotidal estuary and artificial lake

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roksana Jahan ◽  
Hyu Chang Choi ◽  
Young Seuk Park ◽  
Young Cheol Park ◽  
Ji Ho Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
Macrotidal Estuary ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Self Organizing

Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) have been used for patterning and visualizing ten environmental parameters and phytoplankton biomass in a mactrotidal (>10 m) Gyeonggi Bay and artificial Shihwa Lake during 1986–2004. SOM segregated study areas into four groups and ten subgroups. Two strikingly alternative states are frequently observed: the first is a diverse non-eutrophic state designated by three groups (SOM 1–3), and the second is a eutrophic state (SOM 4: Shihwa Lake and Upper Gyeonggi Bay; summer season) characterized by enhanced nutrients (3 mg l−1 dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 0.1 mg l−1 PO4) that act as a signal and response to that signal as algal blooms (24 µg chlorophyll-a l−1). Bloom potential in response to nitrification is affiliated with high temperature (r = 0.26), low salinity (r = −0.40) and suspended solids (r = –0.27). Moreover, strong stratification in the Shihwa Lake has accelerated harmful algal blooms and hypoxia. The non-eutrophic states (SOM 1–3) are characterized by macro-tidal estuaries exhibiting a tolerance to pollution with nitrogen-containing nutrients and retarding any tendency toward stratification. SOM 1 (winter) is more distinct from SOM 4 due to higher suspended solids (>50 mg l−1) caused by resuspension that induces light limitation and low chlorophyll-a (<5 µg l−1). In addition, eutrophication-induced shifts in phytoplankton communities are noticed during all the seasons in Gyeonggi Bay. Overall, SOM showed high performance for visualization and abstraction of ecological data and could serve as an efficient ecological map that can specify blooming regions and provide a comprehensive view on the eutrophication process in a macrotidal estuary.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton community of a polymictic reservoir, La Plata River basin, Uruguay

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. PÉREZ ◽  
S. BONILLA ◽  
G. MARTÍNEZ
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Phytoplankton Composition ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Phytoplankton Distribution ◽  
Aulacoseira Granulata

This paper deals with the analysis of phytoplankton composition and abundance from four sampling stations at the polymictic system, Rincón del Bonete water reservoir in Uruguay. Sampling data were obtained in 4 seasonal periods between February and November 1993. A hundred and twenty-four taxa were identified, where Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenb.) Simon., A. granulata var. angustissima (Muller) Simon., A. granulata var. angustissima f. spiralis, (Muller) Simon., A. cf. ambigua, (Grun.) Simon., A. cf.. distans (Ehrenb.) Simon., Cryptomonas spp. and Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg, were always present. Phytoplankton abundance fluctuated between 29 (autumn) and 2129 (summer) ind/ml. The general dominance of Aulacoseira spp. could be related to the polymictic condition of the system. In cold months phytoplankton distribution was homogeneous among sampling stations, while in warm months, spatial heterogeneity was detected, suggesting that sampling stations can behave as independent compartments.

Stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes in sediments and biota from three tropical marine food webs: Application to chemical bioaccumulation assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2521-2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yun Teng ◽  
Tra Thi Thanh Doan ◽  
Yun Wei Yat ◽  
Sheot Harn Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Marine Food

scholarly journals Krill: a potential vector for domoic acid in marine food webs

2002 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bargu ◽  
CL Powell ◽  
SL Coale ◽  
M Busman ◽  
GJ Doucette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Marine Food
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