scholarly journals Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries Sustained in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men’s and Women’s Volleyball, 2013-2014 to 2014-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Baugh ◽  
Gil S. Weintraub ◽  
Andrew J. Gregory ◽  
Aristarque Djoko ◽  
Thomas P. Dompier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Participation Restriction ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Ball Contact ◽  
Women's Volleyball

Background: There were 18,844 volleyball players in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in the 2014-2015 academic year. Little research has examined sex-based differences among these athletes. Purpose: To examine injury epidemiology in NCAA men’s and women’s volleyball athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Injury surveillance data from the 2013-2014 through 2014-2015 academic years were obtained from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program for 6 men’s and 33 women’s collegiate volleyball teams. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) and injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs were calculated. Time-loss (TL) injuries resulted in participation restriction for at least 24 hours, and non-time-loss (NTL) injuries resulted in participation restriction of less than 24 hours. Results: Overall, 83 and 510 injuries were reported in men and women, respectively, leading to injury rates of 4.69 and 7.07 per 1000 AEs. The injury rate was greater in women than men (IRR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.19-1.90). TL injury rates were 1.75 and 2.62 per 1000 AEs for men and women, respectively. The ankle was the most commonly injured body part among TL injuries (men, 25.8%; women, 24.3%); the knee was the most commonly injured body part among NTL injuries (men, 25.5%; women, 16.3%). Among TL injuries, common diagnoses included sprains (men, 25.8%; women, 31.2%) and concussions (men, 19.4%; women, 14.8%). Most TL concussions were due to ball contact (men, 83.3%; women, 53.6%). Compared with men, women had a greater NTL overuse injury rate (IRR, 3.47; 95% CI, 1.61-7.46). Compared with women, men had a greater TL injury rate associated with ball contact (IRR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.07-4.68). Conclusion: There are differences in injury patterns and rates between male and female intercollegiate volleyball players. Although a limited-contact sport, a notable number of concussions were sustained, mostly from ball contact. Clinical Relevance: Understanding injury patterns may aid clinicians in injury diagnosis, management, and prevention.

Epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association Women’s Lacrosse Injuries, 2009–10 Through 2014–15

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Andrew E. Lincoln ◽  
Shane V. Caswell ◽  
David A. Klossner ◽  
Nina Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Participation Restriction ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Rate Ratios

Context: Participation in collegiate women’s lacrosse has increased dramatically, but little recent epidemiological data exists regarding injuries. Objective: Describe the epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) women’s lacrosse injuries during the 2009–10 through 2014–15 academic years. Setting: Aggregate injury and exposure data collected from 40 women’s lacrosse programs providing 83 team-seasons of data. Patients or Other Participants: Collegiate women’s lacrosse student-athletes. Intervention: Women’s lacrosse data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures: Injury rates; injury rate ratios; and injury proportions by body site, diagnosis, and injury mechanism were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Time loss (TL) injuries resulted in participation restriction time of at least 24 hours. Nontime loss (NTL) injuries resulted in participation restriction time under 24 hours. Results: There were 705 TL and NTL women’s lacrosse injuries, resulting in an injury rate of 4.93/1000 athlete-exposures (AEs; 95% CI: 4.57–5.30). The TL and NTL injury rates were 2.18/1000 AE (95% CI: 1.93–2.42) and 2.64/1000 AE (95% CI: 2.37–2.90), respectively. Most injuries were to the lower extremity (competition: 64.4%; practice: 71.2%). Most injuries in competition were sprains (26.0%), contusions (19.6%), and strains (19.2%); most injuries in practice were strains (21.4%), sprains (18.1%), and inflammatory conditions (15.8%). Concussions comprised the highest proportion of head/face injuries (competition: 82.1%; practice: 54.5%). No eye injuries were reported. The highest proportion of injuries were player contact (27.4%) in competitions and noncontact (32.1%) in practices. Contact with the ball and stick comprised 21.5% of competition and 14.0% of practice injuries. Conclusions: This study is the most robust assessment of collegiate women’s lacrosse injuries to date, utilizing surveillance data that includes both TL and NTL injuries. Over half of all injuries were NTL; inclusion of such injuries further highlights the breadth of injuries managed by team medical staff.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Secondary School Boys' and Girls' Basketball Injuries: National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1179-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex N. Allen ◽  
Erin B. Wasserman ◽  
Richelle M. Williams ◽  
Janet E. Simon ◽  
Thomas P. Dompier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Rate Ratios

Context Little is known about non–time-loss (NTL) injury patterns in basketball athletes. Knowledge of these patterns may aid in the development of prevention and management strategies for patients with these injuries. Objective To describe the epidemiology of time-loss (TL) and NTL injuries sustained by secondary school boys' and girls' basketball athletes. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Eighty-six unique schools provided data, with 84 and 83 contributing to boys' and girls' basketball, respectively. Patients or Other Participants Athletes participating in secondary school-sponsored boys' and girls' basketball. Main Outcome Measure(s) Boys' and girls' basketball data from the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION) injury-surveillance program (2011–2012 through 2013–2014 years) were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and rate ratios (IRRs) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The NATION captured 2653 injuries over 364 355 athlete-exposures (AEs) for boys' basketball and 2394 injuries over 288 286 AE for girls' basketball, producing rates of 7.28/1000 AEs (95% CI = 7.00, 7.56) for boys and 8.30/1000 AEs (95% CI = 7.97, 8.64) for girls. The overall injury rates were slightly lower for boys (IRR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.83, 0.93). For boys, 559 (21.1%) injuries were TL and 2094 (78.9%) were NTL, producing a TL injury rate of 1.53/1000 AEs (95% CI = 1.40, 1.66) and an NTL injury rate of 5.75/1000 AEs (95% CI = 5.50, 5.99). For girls, 499 (20.8%) injuries were TL and 1895 (79.2%) were NTL, producing a TL injury rate of 1.73/1000 AEs (95% CI = 1.58, 1.88) and an NTL injury rate of 6.57/1000 AEs (95% CI = 6.28, 6.87). Rates of TL injuries were similar between boys' and girls' basketball (IRR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.79, 1.00); NTL injury rates were lower for boys (IRR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.82, 0.93). Conclusions When NTL injuries were included, the rates of injury in boys' and girls' secondary school basketball were higher than previously reported.

scholarly journals Ball-Contact Injuries in 11 National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports: The Injury Surveillance Program, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 698-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Fraser ◽  
Dustin R. Grooms ◽  
Kevin M. Guskiewicz ◽  
Zachary Y. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Participation Restriction ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Ball Contact

Context:  Surveillance data regarding injuries caused by ball contact in collegiate athletes have not been well examined and are mostly limited to discussions of concussions and catastrophic injuries. Objective:  To describe the epidemiology of ball-contact injuries in 11 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports during the 2009–2010 through 2014–2015 academic years. Design:  Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting:  Convenience sample of NCAA programs in 11 sports (men's football, women's field hockey, women's volleyball, men's baseball, women's softball, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's lacrosse, and men's and women's soccer) during the 2009–2010 through 2014–2015 academic years. Patients or Other Participants:  Collegiate student-athletes participating in 11 sports. Main Outcome Measure(s):  Ball-contact–injury rates, proportions, rate ratios, and proportion ratios with 95% confidence intervals were based on data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during the 2009–2010 through 2014–2015 academic years. Results:  During the 2009–2010 through 2014–2015 academic years, 1123 ball-contact injuries were reported, for an overall rate of 3.54/10 000 AEs. The sports with the highest rates were women's softball (8.82/10 000 AEs), women's field hockey (7.71/10 000 AEs), and men's baseball (7.20/10 000 AEs). Most ball-contact injuries were to the hand/wrist (32.7%) and head/face (27.0%) and were diagnosed as contusions (30.5%), sprains (23.1%), and concussions (16.1%). Among sex-comparable sports (ie, baseball/softball, basketball, and soccer), women had a larger proportion of ball-contact injuries diagnosed as concussions than men (injury proportion ratio = 2.33; 95% confidence interval = 1.63, 3.33). More than half (51.0%) of ball-contact injuries were non-time loss (ie, participation-restriction time <24 hours), and 6.6% were severe (ie, participation-restriction time ≥21 days). The most common severe ball-contact injuries were concussions (n = 18) and finger fractures (n = 10). Conclusion:  Ball-contact–injury rates were the highest in women's softball, women's field hockey, and men's baseball. Although more than half were non–time-loss injuries, severe injuries such as concussions and fractures were reported.

scholarly journals The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Boys' Lacrosse (2008–2009 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Lacrosse (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Pierpoint ◽  
Andrew E. Lincoln ◽  
Nina Walker ◽  
Shane V. Caswell ◽  
Dustin W. Currie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Web Based

ContextThe advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of boys' and men's lacrosse injury data.ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school boys' lacrosse in the 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate men's lacrosse in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance.DesignDescriptive epidemiology study.SettingOnline injury surveillance from lacrosse teams of high school boys (annual average = 55) and collegiate men (annual average = 14).Patients or Other ParticipantsBoys' and men's lacrosse players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 academic years in high school or the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years in college.Main Outcome Measure(s)Athletic trainers collected time-loss (≥24 hours) injury and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and injury proportions by body site and diagnosis were calculated.ResultsHigh School Reporting Information Online documented 1407 time-loss injuries during 662 960 AEs. The National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 1882 time-loss injuries during 390 029 AEs. The total injury rate from 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 was higher in college than in high school (3.77 versus 2.12/1000 AEs; IRR = 1.78; 95% CI = 1.63, 1.94). Most injuries occurred during competitions in high school (61.4%) and practices in college (61.4%). Injury rates were higher in competitions compared with practices in high school (IRR = 3.59; 95% CI = 3.23, 4.00) and college (IRR = 3.38; 95% CI = 3.08, 3.71). Lower limb injuries, muscle strains, and ligament sprains were common at both levels. Concussion was the most frequent competition diagnosis for all high school player positions.ConclusionsRates of time-loss injury were higher in college versus high school and in competitions versus practices. Attention to preventing common lower leg injuries and concussions, especially at the high school level, is essential to decrease their incidence and severity.

scholarly journals The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Girls' Softball (2005–2006 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Softball (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin B. Wasserman ◽  
Johna K. Register-Mihalik ◽  
Eric L. Sauers ◽  
Dustin W. Currie ◽  
Lauren A. Pierpoint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Web Based ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
School Girls

Context The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of girls' and women's softball injury data. Objective To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school girls' softball in the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate women's softball in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Online injury surveillance from softball teams in high school girls (annual average = 100) and collegiate women (annual average = 41). Patients or Other Participants Girls' or women's softball players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years in high school and the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years in college. Main Outcome Measure(s) Athletic trainers collected time-loss injury and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) were calculated. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) compared injury rates by competition level, school size or division, event type, and time in season. Results The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 1357 time-loss injuries during 1 173 722 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 1848 time-loss injuries during 579 553 AEs. The injury rate was higher in college than in high school (3.19 versus 1.16/1000 AEs; IRR = 2.76; 95% CI = 2.57, 2.96). The competition injury rate was higher than the practice injury rate in high school (IRR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.82, 2.25) and in college (IRR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.27, 1.52). Softball players at both levels sustained a variety of injuries, with the most common being ankle sprains and concussions. Many injuries also occurred while fielding or running bases. Conclusions Injury rates were greater in collegiate versus high school softball and in competitions versus practices. These findings highlight the need for injury-prevention interventions, including strength-training and prevention programs to reduce ankle sprains and provide protection for batters from pitches and fielders from batted balls.

scholarly journals The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in United States High School Football (2005–2006 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Football (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 738-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Gary B. Wilkerson ◽  
Shane V. Caswell ◽  
Dustin W. Currie ◽  
Lauren A. Pierpoint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Web Based

Context: The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of football injury data.Objective: To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school football in the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate football in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.Setting: Online injury surveillance from football teams of high school boys (annual average = 100) and collegiate men (annual average = 43).Patients or Other Participants: Football players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years in high school or the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years in college.Main Outcome Measure(s): Athletic trainers collected time-loss injury (≥24 hours) and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and injury proportions by body site and diagnosis were calculated.Results: The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 18 189 time-loss injuries during 4 539 636 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 22 766 time-loss injuries during 3 121  476 AEs. The injury rate was higher among collegiate than high school (7.29 versus 4.01/1000 AEs; IRR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.79, 1.86) athletes. Most injuries occurred during competitions in high school (53.2%) and practices in college (60.9%). The competition injury rate was higher than the practice injury rate among both high school (IRR = 5.62; 95% CI = 5.46, 5.78) and collegiate (IRR = 6.59; 95% CI = 6.41, 6.76) players. Most injuries at both levels affected the lower extremity and the shoulder/clavicle and were diagnosed as ligament sprains and muscle/tendon strains. However, concussion was a common injury during competitions among most positions.Conclusions: Injury rates were higher in college than in high school and higher for competitions than for practices. Concussion was a frequent injury sustained during competitions, which confirms the need to develop interventions to mitigate its incidence and severity.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Tennis: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 766-772
Author(s):  
Hannah J. Robison ◽  
Adrian J. Boltz ◽  
Sarah N. Morris ◽  
Christy L. Collins ◽  
Avinash Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Rate Ratios

Context The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has sponsored women's tennis programs since 1966. Women's tennis has risen in global prominence and popularity within the NCAA. Background Continued surveillance of athletic injuries in the NCAA is critical for identifying emerging injury trends and assessing injury prevention strategies. Methods Exposure and injury data collected in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program from 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates. Results The overall injury rate was 4.16 per 1000 athlete exposures. Injury to the shoulder, foot, and trunk were the most prevalent throughout the study period. Approximately 30% of all injury diagnoses were related to inflammatory conditions. Also, 32.1% of all injuries were time-loss injuries, and 45.0% of all injuries were non–time-loss injuries. Conclusions The findings of this study differed slightly from those of previous investigations, most notably with regard to injury rate by season segment and commonly injured body parts. Future surveillance efforts should attempt to capture the nuances of tennis competitions.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Volleyball: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 666-673
Author(s):  
Avinash Chandran ◽  
Sarah N. Morris ◽  
Landon B. Lempke ◽  
Adrian J. Boltz ◽  
Hannah J. Robison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Ankle Ligament ◽  
Lateral Ankle Ligament ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Women's Volleyball ◽  
Lateral Ankle Ligament Complex

Context Women's volleyball is a globally popular sport with widespread participation at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) level. Background Routine examinations of NCAA women's volleyball injuries are important for recognizing emerging injury-related patterns in this population. Methods Exposure and injury data collected in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during the 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 athletic years were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differences in injury rates. Results The overall injury rate was 6.73 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Knee (14.6%) and ankle (13.8%) injuries accounted for the largest proportion of all reported injuries, and most injuries were attributed to overuse (26.1%) or noncontact (22.7%) mechanisms. Lateral ankle ligament complex tears (11.1%) and concussions (7.3%) were the most commonly reported specific injury. Summary Results indicate an increasing burden of practice-related injuries and the need to further examine overuse injuries. Lower-extremity injury prevention strategies and mechanisms of concussion also warrant further attention.

scholarly journals Incidence and Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries to College Ultimate Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Swedler ◽  
Jamie M. Nuwer ◽  
Anna Nazarov ◽  
Samantha C. Huo ◽  
Lev Malevanchik
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Initial Injury ◽  
Anatomic Locations

Context The burden of injuries to college ultimate players has never been fully described. Objective To quantify the injury rate in ultimate players and describe the diagnoses, anatomic locations, and mechanisms of injuries. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting College ultimate teams in the United States during the 2012 season. Main Outcome Measure(s) Initial injury rate per 1000 athlete-exposures. Results The initial injury rate in college ultimate players was 12.64 per 1000 athlete-exposures; the rate did not differ between men and women (P = .5). Bivariate analysis indicated that injuries occurred twice as often during games as during practices, men were more likely than women to be injured when laying out for the disc, and men were more likely to incur strains and sprains than women. Conclusions Injury patterns to college ultimate players were similar to those for athletes in other National Collegiate Athletic Association sports. This is the first study to systematically describe injuries to ultimate players.

The Epidemiology of High Ankle Sprains in National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 2156-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy C. Mauntel ◽  
Erik A. Wikstrom ◽  
Karen G. Roos ◽  
Aristarque Djoko ◽  
Thomas P. Dompier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Injury Mechanism ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Participation Restriction ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
High Ankle Sprain

Background: Ankle sprains are among the most common injuries experienced by collegiate athletes. The type of ankle sprain is rarely differentiated in epidemiological studies. This differentiation is necessary, as each ankle sprain type has a unique injury mechanism and recovery period. High ankle sprains commonly result in long recovery periods. Thus, a further examination of the epidemiology of high ankle sprains is warranted. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of high ankle sprains in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports during the 2009/2010-2014/2015 academic years. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: NCAA Injury Surveillance Program high ankle sprain data and athlete-exposures (AEs) from 25 sports were evaluated. Certified athletic trainers recorded sport-related injury, event, and AE data during team-sanctioned events. High ankle sprain injury rates per 10,000 AEs were calculated. Percentage distributions were calculated for the amount of time lost from sport and percentage of recurrent injuries. Injury rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs compared injury rates by event type, participation restriction time, and sex. 95% CIs not containing 1.00 were considered statistically significant. Results: The overall high ankle sprain injury rate was 1.00 per 10,000 AEs. Overall, 56.7% of high ankle sprain injuries occurred during competitions, and 9.8% of high ankle sprain injuries were recurrent. Men’s football (2.42/10,000 AEs), wrestling (2.11/10,000 AEs), and ice hockey (1.19/10,000 AEs) had the highest high ankle sprain injury rates. In sex-comparable sports, men had higher injury rates (RR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.28-2.44). Player contact was the most common injury mechanism (60.4%), and 69.0% of injuries resulted in ≥1 day of participation restriction, with 47.1% resulting in ≥7 days of participation restriction and 15.8% resulting in >21 days of participation restriction. Conclusion: High ankle sprains resulted in significant participation restriction time from sport participation. The majority of high ankle sprain injuries resulted from player contact and were observed in contact/collision sports. The large proportion of high ankle sprains resulting from player contact, specifically in male contact sports, is worthy of further investigation. Clinical Relevance: The enhanced understanding of the epidemiology of high ankle sprains provided in our study will aid clinicians in developing targeted injury prevention strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of these injuries.

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