Effects of Foot Strike Techniques on Running Biomechanics: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Content: Distance running is one of the most popular physical activities, and running-related injuries (RRIs) are also common. Foot strike patterns have been suggested to affect biomechanical variables related to RRI risks. Objective: To determine the effects of foot strike techniques on running biomechanics. Data Sources: The databases of Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and EBSCO were searched from database inception through November 2018. Study Selection: The initial electronic search found 723 studies. Of these, 26 studies with a total of 472 participants were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Means, standard deviations, and sample sizes were extracted from the eligible studies, and the standard mean differences (SMDs) were obtained for biomechanical variables between forefoot strike (FFS) and rearfoot strike (RFS) groups using a random-effects model. Results: FFS showed significantly smaller magnitude (SMD, −1.84; 95% CI, −2.29 to −1.38; P < 0.001) and loading rate (mean: SMD, −2.1; 95% CI, −3.18 to −1.01; P < 0.001; peak: SMD, −1.77; 95% CI, −2.21 to −1.33; P < 0.001) of impact force, ankle stiffness (SMD, −1.69; 95% CI, −2.46 to −0.92; P < 0.001), knee extension moment (SMD, −0.64; 95% CI, −0.98 to −0.3; P < 0.001), knee eccentric power (SMD, −2.03; 95% CI, −2.51 to −1.54; P < 0.001), knee negative work (SMD, −1.56; 95% CI, −2.11 to −1.00; P < 0.001), and patellofemoral joint stress (peak: SMD, −0.71; 95% CI, −1.28 to −0.14; P = 0.01; integral: SMD, −0.63; 95% CI, −1.11 to −0.15; P = 0.01) compared with RFS. However, FFS significantly increased ankle plantarflexion moment (SMD, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.96; P < 0.001), eccentric power (SMD, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.08; P < 0.001), negative work (SMD, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.02 to 4.18; P = 0.001), and axial contact force (SMD, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.6; P < 0.001) compared with RFS. Conclusion: Running with RFS imposed higher biomechanical loads on overall ground impact and knee and patellofemoral joints, whereas FFS imposed higher biomechanical loads on the ankle joint and Achilles tendon. The modification of strike techniques may affect the specific biomechanical loads experienced on relevant structures or tissues during running.

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Leishmanicidal effects of resveratrol and its derivatives: a systematic review and meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-25274/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nasrin Amiri Dashatan ◽

Marzieh Ashrafmansouri ◽

Mehdi Koushki ◽

Nayebali Ahmadi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Publication Bias ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Important Health ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Leishmaniasis is one of the most important health problems worldwide. The evidence has suggested that resveratrol and its derivatives have anti-leishmanial effects; however, the results are inconsistent and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of resveratrol and its derivatives on the Leishmania viability through a systematic review and meta-analysis of available relevant studies. Methods The electronic databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were queried between October 2000 and April 2020 using a comprehensive search strategy. The eligible articles selected and data extraction conducted by two reviewers. Mean differences of IC50 (concentration leading to reduction of 50% of Leishmania) for each outcome was calculated using random-effects models. Sensitivity analyses and prespecified subgroup were conducted to evaluate potential heterogeneity and the stability of the pooled results. Publication bias was evaluated using the Egger’s and Begg’s tests. We also followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for this review. Results Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. We observed that RSV and its derivatives had significant reducing effects on Leishmania viability in promastigote [24.02 µg/ml; (95% CI 17.1, 30.8); P < 0.05; I2 = 99.8%; P heterogeneity = 0.00] and amastigote [18.3 µg/ml; (95% CI 13.5, 23.2); P < 0.05; I2 = 99.6%; P heterogeneity = 0.00] stages of Leishmania. A significant publication bias was observed in the meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses showed a similar effect size while reducing the heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis indicated that the pooled effects of leishmanicidal of resveratrol and its derivatives were affected by type of stilbenes and Leishmania species. Conclusions Our findings clearly suggest that the strategies for the treatment of leishmaniasis should be focused on natural products such as RSV and its derivatives. Further study is needed to identify the mechanisms mediating this protective effects of RSV and its derivatives in leishmaniasis.

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Validity and Reliability of 2-Dimensional Video-Based Assessment to Analyze Foot Strike Pattern and Step Rate During Running: A Systematic Review

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

10.1177/1941738119844795 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 409-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fábio Carlos Lucas de Oliveira ◽

Anny Fredette ◽

Sherezada Ochoa Echeverría ◽

Charles Sebiyo Batcho ◽

Jean-Sébastien Roy

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Step Rate ◽

Cosmin Checklist ◽

Foot Strike

Context: Two-dimensional (2D) video-based analysis is often used by clinicians to examine the foot strike pattern (FSP) and step rate in runners. Reliability and validity of 2D video-based analysis have been questioned. Objective: To synthesize the psychometric properties of 2D video-based analysis for assessing runners’ FSP and step rate while running. Data Sources: Medline/PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, EBSCOHost/CINAHL, and Scielo were searched from their inception to August 2018. Study Selection: Studies were included if (1) they were published in English, French, Portuguese or Spanish; (2) they reported at least 1 psychometric property (validity and/or reliability) of 2D video-based analysis to assess running kinematics; and (3) they assessed FSP or step rate during running. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Data Extraction: Studies were screened for methodological (MacDermid checklist) and psychometric quality (COSMIN checklist) by 2 independent raters. Results: Eight studies, with a total of 702 participants, were included. Seven studies evaluated the reliability of 2D video to assess FSP and found very good to excellent reliability (0.41 ≤ κ ≤ 1.00). Two studies reported excellent reliability for the calculation of step rate (0.75 ≤ intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≤ 1.00). One study demonstrated excellent concurrent validity between 2D and 3D (gold standard) motion capture systems to determine FSP (Gwet agreement coefficient [AC] > 0.90; ICC > 0.90), and another study found excellent concurrent validity between 2D video and another device to calculate step rate (0.84 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.95). Conclusion: Strong evidence suggests that 2D video-based analysis is a reliable method for assessing FSP and quantifying step rate, regardless of the experience of the assessor. Limited evidence exists on the validity of 2D video-based analysis in determining FSP and calculating step rate during running.

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Acupuncture for Managing Cancer-Related Insomnia: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Integrative Cancer Therapies ◽

10.1177/1534735416664172 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 135-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Tae-Young Choi ◽

Jong In Kim ◽

Hyun-Ja Lim ◽

Myeong Soo Lee

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sham Acupuncture ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

The Other ◽

Level Of Evidence

Background. Insomnia is a prominent complaint of cancer patients that can significantly affect their quality of life and symptoms related to sleep quality. Conventional drug approaches have a low rate of success in alleviating those suffering insomnia. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of acupuncture in the management of cancer-related insomnia. Methods. A total of 12 databases were searched from their inception through January 2016 without language restriction. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs were included if acupuncture was used as the sole intervention or as an adjunct to another standard treatment for any cancer-related insomnia. The data extraction and the risk of bias assessments were performed by 2 independent reviewers. Results. Of the 90 studies screened, 6 RCTs were included. The risk of bias was generally unclear or low. Three RCTs showed equivalent effects on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and 2 RCTs showed the similar effects on response rate to those of conventional drugs at the end of treatment. The other RCT showed acupuncture was better than hormone therapy in the numbers of hours slept each night and number of times woken up each night. The 3 weeks of follow-up in 2 RCTs showed superior effects of acupuncture compared with conventional drugs, and a meta-analysis showed significant effects of acupuncture. Two RCTs tested the effects of acupuncture on cancer-related insomnia compared with sham acupuncture. One RCT showed favourable effects, while the other trial failed to do so. Conclusion. There is a low level of evidence that acupuncture may be superior to sham acupuncture, drugs or hormones therapy. However, the number of studies and effect size are small for clinical significance. Further clinical trials are warranted.

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A Systematic Review of the Contribution of Dance Movement Psychotherapy Towards the Well-Being of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.719673 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Supritha Aithal ◽

Zoe Moula ◽

Vicky Karkou ◽

Themis Karaminis ◽

Joanne Powell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Large Scale ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Dance Movement ◽

Protocol Registration

Background: The present review provides an original examination of published literature on the use of Dance Movement Psychotherapy (DMP) as an intervention for children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).Method: The review was systematically conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A protocol consisting of four phases: identification; screening and selection; data extraction and synthesis; quality assurance was developed and registered with the PROSPERO. A search strategy was developed using population and intervention as the key concepts and ten databases were searched between 6.1.2018 to 4.4.2018 and 10.07.2021 to 20.07.2021. The intervention characteristics were extracted based on the TIDieR template for intervention description and replication checklist. Quality assessment and level of evidence of all the included studies were evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) for treatment criteria.Results: Nine research studies with a total of 133 participants were identified through a systematic search process. There was only one mixed-methods study with the component of randomisation found during the literature search. Collected information was synthesised in relation to (a) ways in which dance movement psychotherapists work with children; (b) data collection methods and findings. Results from the reviewed literature suggest that DMP can potentially promote various aspects of well-being in children with ASD. Eight out of nine studies mentioned the effects of DMP on improving different social and communication skills. However, results from quality assessments and synthesised outcomes indicate that research in DMP is still in its infancy.Conclusions: We conclude that further large-scale, high-quality studies are required to generate further evidence that explains the processes involved in DMP, the effectiveness of DMP, the relationship between therapeutic factors of DMP, and research findings for children on the autism spectrum.Systematic Review Protocol Registration: PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42018087912.

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A living systematic review protocol for COVID-19 clinical trial registrations

Wellcome Open Research ◽

10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15821.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 60 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Brittany J. Maguire ◽

Philippe J. Guérin

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Future Research ◽

Strong Response ◽

Level Of Evidence

Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, a strong response from the research community has been observed with the proliferation of independent clinical trials assessing diagnostic methods, therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. While there is no intervention for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 with proven clinical efficacy to date, tools to distil the current research landscape by intervention, level of evidence and those studies likely powered to address future research questions is essential. This living systematic review aims to provide an open, accessible and frequently updated resource summarising the characteristics of COVID-19 clinical trial registrations. Weekly search updates of the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and source registries will be conducted. Data extraction by two independent reviewers of trial characteristic variables including categorisation of trial design, geographic location, intervention type and targets, level of evidence and intervention adaptability to low resource settings will be completed. Descriptive and thematic synthesis will be conducted. A searchable and interactive visualisation of the results database will be created, and made openly available online. Weekly results from the continued search updates will be published and made available on the Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO) website (COVID-19 website). This living systematic review will provide a useful resource of COVID-19 clinical trial registrations for researchers in a rapidly evolving context. In the future, this sustained review will allow prioritisation of research targets for individual patient data meta-analysis.

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Efficacy and safety of topiramate in binge eating disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852920001613 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mikail Nourredine ◽

Lucie Jurek ◽

Marine Auffret ◽

Sylvain Iceta ◽

Guillaume Grenet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Binge Eating Disorder ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Mean Differences

Abstract Background. To assess the efficacy and safety of topiramate in treating binge eating disorder (BED), using a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Methods. The RCTs assessing topiramate vs placebo with or without adjunctive psychotherapy in BED were reviewed using a systematic search in the PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, and ClinicalTrials.gov search Websites, from inception to November 2019. Main outcomes were the changes in binge frequency, quality of life, and weight, respectively. Effect estimates were pooled using random-effect models and presented as risk ratios (RRs) or mean differences (MDs) and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Data extraction was performed by two independent reviewers. Results. Three studies were eligible for inclusion, involving 528 BED patients. Topiramate was found to be significantly more efficacious than placebo in reducing: (a) the number of binge episodes per week (MD = −1.31; 95% CI = −2.58 to −0.03; I2 = 94%); (b) the number of binge days per week (MD = −0.98; 95% CI = −1.80 to −0.16; I2 = 94%); and (c) weight (MD = −4.91 kg; 95% CI = −6.42 to −3.41; I2 = 10%). However, participants in the topiramate groups withdrew significantly more frequently for safety reasons, relative to placebo participants (RR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.13-3.18, I2 = 0%). Conclusions. Preliminary findings support a possible efficacy of topiramate for the treatment of BED, even if safety concerns could limit the practical use of this treatment in BED subjects.

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Treatment effect of bone-anchored maxillary protraction in growing patients compared to controls: a systematic review with meta-analysis

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjaa016 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marie A Cornelis ◽

Michele Tepedino ◽

Neel de Vos Riis ◽

Xiaowen Niu ◽

Paolo M Cattaneo

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Class Iii ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Lower Incisor ◽

Maxillary Protraction ◽

Maxillary Advancement ◽

Long Term Follow Up

Summary Objective The aim of this systematic review was to determine which evidence level supports maxillary advancement after bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) in growing patients compared to controls. Search methods PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and Web-of-Science databases were searched with no restrictions on publication status or year. Selection criteria Prospective and retrospective human studies about BAMP, in at least three patients, were included. Authors were contacted when necessary, and reference lists of the included studies were screened. Data collection and analysis Two authors undertook independent data extraction with conflict resolution by a third author. Risks of bias were assessed. A meta-analysis for estimates of changes for ANB angle, Wits appraisal, and incisor to mandibular plane angle (IMPA) angle of BAMP treatment compared to control groups was performed. Results A total of 449 articles were initially retrieved; 28 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 3 to 52 patients. There was heterogeneity in cephalometric outcomes reported, which prevented the comparison of certain outcomes. ANB angle improved more with BAMP in the maxilla combined with facemask (bone-anchored facemask, BAFM) compared to traditional facemask therapy: this was statistically but not clinically significant (0.2 degrees). No data are available for BAMP with skeletal anchorage in both jaws in combination with Class III elastics (bone-anchored Class III elastics, BAC3E). Likewise, no statistically significant differences in Wits appraisal were found (less than 1 mm). Lower incisor retroclination and facial height seemed to be better controlled with BAC3E compared to BAFM. Conclusions The level of evidence available to support the maxillary advancement effect after BAMP was low. Publications reporting results based on identical samples tended to suggest overly positive results of BAMP. The differences in sagittal correction between BAMP and traditional facemask therapy were small and of questionable clinical significance. Long-term follow-up results are not available and, therefore, much needed. Limitations Most articles had a low level of evidence and some included a historical control group. Registration PROSPERO database number CRD42015023366.

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Defining Optimal Dosing of Nimodipine in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Study Protocol for a Systematic Review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-97825/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

judith bellapart ◽

Kevin B Laupland ◽

Eva Malacova ◽

Jeffrey Lipman ◽

Jason A Roberts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Cerebral Vasospasm ◽

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Optimal Dosing ◽

Clinical Scenarios

Abstract Background: Nimodipine has been first line prophylaxis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage for more than three decades, but its level of evidence has become controversial and essential questions regarding its pharmacological properties and its precise mechanism of action remain unclear. The level of evidence for Nimodipine was established in times when subarachnoid hemorrhage patients had their aneurysm secured in a delayed phase and when intravascular coiling was not established, these two clinical scenarios differ from current practice questioning the applicability of its therapeutic regimen. This review aims to investigate the strength of nimodipine as a prophylaxis for cerebral vasospasm within a contemporary context and to propose pathways for future research in nimodipine. Methods: We will search electronic databases including Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science and PubMed using a defined search strategy. Two authors will independently rate the quality of the searched evidence using the Chalmers scale for the scoring of studies ‘quality. Discrepancies will be assessed by a third independent author. All studies will be described in a table of studies’ characteristics and data extraction completed. Meta-analysis will be performed if there are two or greater homogeneous outcomes that suffices for reporting on measures of variability. Discussion: The results rising from this systematic review may guide further clinical trials focused on nimodipine dosing with the view of optimizing therapy for better neurological outcomes.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO ID = CRD42020188319

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What is the clinical evidence of Bulk Fill resins performance of in primary and permanent teeth? a systematic review and meta-analysis

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18981 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e552101018981

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Soares Diniz ◽

Vinicius Souza Correa ◽

Meire Coelho Ferreira ◽

Leily Macedo Firoozmand

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Color Change ◽

Clinical Performance ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Posterior Teeth

With the increasing acceptance of the clinical use of bulk-fill resins, it is necessary to investigate the in vivo performance of these restorative materials. In this perspective, this systematic review to evaluate the clinical performance of Bulk-fill resins in restorations of vital, primary and permanent posterior teeth. PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, LILACS, BBO and Capes publications search base were searched without restriction regarding the year of publication or language of the article. The inclusion criteria were clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of resins composed of bulk-fill compared to the incremental technique. For the selection of articles and data extraction, two calibrated evaluators evaluated abstracts and complete articles. A total of 1443 abstracts were identified, of which 14 articles were included in the review. Of these, 01 was classified with a high level of evidence; 08 were moderate and 05 with a low level of evidence. The studies presented an average follow-up of the restorations of 35.1 months. A large part of the studies (75%) demonstrated that the occurrence of postoperative sensitivity. The high failure rate was more prevalent in class II restorations. The marginal adaptation/color change was material dependent and the occurrence of secondary caries in bulk-fill resin restorations was not significant concerning conventional resins in most studies. In the short term, the satisfactory clinical performance of bulk-fill resins used in primary and permanent restorations, with clinical outcomes and results equivalent to conventional composite resins were observed.

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Evidence for human-to-human transmission of hantavirus: a systematic review

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiab461 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joao Toledo ◽

Michelle M Haby ◽

Ludovic Reveiz ◽

Leopoldo Sosa Leon ◽

Rodrigo Angerami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Comparative Studies ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hantavirus Infection ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Interpersonal Contact ◽

Andes Virus

Abstract Background Hantavirus is known to be transmitted from rodents to humans. However, some reports from Argentina and Chile have claimed that the hantavirus strain – Andes virus (ANDV) – can cause human-to-human transmission of the disease. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the evidence for human-to-human transmission of hantavirus. Methods We searched PubMed (inception to 28 February 2021), Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, LILACS and SciELO (inception to 3 July 2020) and other sources. We included studies that assessed whether interpersonal contact with a person with laboratory-confirmed hantavirus infection led to human-to-human transmission. Two reviewers conducted screening, selection, data extraction, and risk of bias (RoB) assessment. Results Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity. With the exception of one prospective cohort study of ANDV in Chile with serious RoB, evidence from comparative studies (strongest level of evidence available) does not support human-to-human transmission of hantavirus infection. Non-comparative studies with a critical RoB suggest that human-to-human transmission of ANDV may be possible. Conclusions The balance of the evidence does not support the claim of human-to-human transmission of ANDV. Well-designed cohort and case-control studies that control for co-exposure to rodents are needed to inform public health recommendations.

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