Information Processing Differences in Active Versus Passive Person Perceivers

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Ashley S. Waggoner ◽  
Eliot R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Early Information ◽  
Processing Differences ◽  
Passive Person

Previous work has shown that compared to passive perceivers who view preselected information about target persons, active perceivers are less confident in their impressions, do not show increased confidence with increased amounts of information, and like targets less. The authors now explain these findings, postulating that perceivers without control over the amount of information they receive should be motivated to form impressions earlier, altering their information-processing strategies. Study 1 predicted and found that content-only active perceivers who control the content, but not the amount, of information show the same positive relationship between confidence and amount of information as passive perceivers, as well as the same reading-time patterns and level of liking. Study 2 used clearly valenced target stimuli and found support for the hypothesis that passive perceivers form more extreme early impressions, leading to greater liking when early information is positive but less liking when it is negative.

Here’s Looking at You

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Dauphin ◽  
Harold H. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Systematic Effort ◽  
Processing Differences ◽  
Processing Of Visual Information

This study represents the beginning of a systematic effort to utilize eye-movement responses in order to better understand individuals’ processing strategies during the Rorschach Inkblot Method (RIM). Eye movements reflect moment-by-moment spatial and temporal processing of visual information and represent a useful approach for studying the RIM with potential clinical implications. Thirteen participants responded to the Rorschach while eye movements were being monitored. Several eye-movement indices were studied which reflect different aspects of information processing. Differences among the Rorschach cards were found for several eye-movement indices. For example, fixation durations were longer during a second viewing of the cards than during the first. This is consonant with an attempt to acquire conceptually difficult information, as participants were reinterpreting the cards. Results are discussed in terms of visual information processing strategies during the RIM and the potential usefulness of eye movements as a response measure to the RIM.

Time Estimation Methods—Do They Influence Prospective Duration Estimates?

Perception ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zakay
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Clock Time ◽  
Processing Load ◽  
Attentional Model ◽  
Time Length

The validity of an attentional model of prospective time estimation was tested in three experiments. In the first experiment two variables were manipulated: (1) nontemporal information processing load during the estimated interval, and (2) time estimation method, ie production of time simultaneously with the performance of a second task, or reproduction of time immediately upon termination of a task whose duration has to be measured. As predicted, a positive relationship between produced time length and information processing load demanded by a simultaneous task, and a negative relationship between reproduced time length and information processing load during the estimated interval, were found. The results were replicated in a second experiment in which verbal estimates of time were also measured and the objective duration of the estimated interval was varied. The pattern of results obtained for verbal estimates was similar to that obtained for reproduced ones. The results of a third experiment indicated that produced and reproduced times were positively correlated with clock time. The results are interpreted as supporting an attentional model of prospective time estimation.

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