scholarly journals Morphological changes and myocardial function assessed by traditional and novel echocardiographic methods in preadolescent athlete’s heart

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1000-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders W Bjerring ◽  
Hege EW Landgraff ◽  
Svein Leirstein ◽  
Anette Aaeng ◽  
Hamza Z Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Athlete’S Heart ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Ventricular Mass ◽  
Athlete's Heart

Background Athlete’s heart is a term used to describe the morphological and functional changes in the hearts of athletes. Recent studies suggest that these changes may occur even in preadolescent athletes. This study aims to improve our understanding of the changes occurring in the preadolescent athlete’s heart. Design and methods Cardiac morphology and function in 76 preadolescent cross-country skiers (aged 12.1 ± 0.2 years) were compared with 25 age-matched non-competing preadolescents. Echocardiography was performed in all subjects, including 2D speckle-tracking strain echocardiography and 3D echocardiography. All participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing to assess oxygen uptake and exercise capacity. Results Athletes had greater indexed VO2 max (62 ± 7 vs. 44 ± 5 mL/kg per min, p < 0.001), indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volume (79 ± 7 vs. 68 ± 7 mL/m2, p < 0.001), left ventricular mass (69 ± 12 vs. 57 ± 13 g/m2, p < 0.001), indexed right ventricular basal diameter (28.3 ± 3.0 vs. 25.4 ± 3.5 mm/m2, p < 0.001) and right atrial area (10.6 ± 1.4 vs. 9.7 ± 1.2 cm2/m2, p < 0.01). There was no difference in left ventricular ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain, and global circumferential strain and right ventricular fractional area change between the groups. Controls had higher right ventricular global longitudinal strain (−28.1 ± 3.5 vs. −31.1 ± 3.3%, p < 0.01). VO2 max was highly correlated to left ventricular end-diastolic volume ( r = 0.76, p < 0.001). Conclusion Athletes had greater left ventricular mass and greater left and right ventricular chamber dimensions compared with controls, while left ventricular function did not differ. Interestingly, right ventricular deformation was significantly lower compared with controls. This supports the notion that there is physiological, adaptive remodelling in preadolescent athlete’s heart.

Left ventricular hypertrophy in athletes: How to differentiate between hypertensive heart disease and athlete’s heart

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748732091185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio D’Ascenzi ◽  
Caterina Fiorentini ◽  
Francesca Anselmi ◽  
Sergio Mondillo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Hypertensive Heart Disease ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Athlete’S Heart ◽  
Ventricular Mass ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
Athlete's Heart

Athlete’s heart is typically accompanied by a remodelling of the cardiac chambers induced by exercise. However, although competitive athletes are commonly considered healthy, they can be affected by cardiac disorders characterised by an increase in left ventricular mass and wall thickness, such as hypertension. Unfortunately, training-induced increase in left ventricular mass, wall thickness, and atrial and ventricular dilatation observed in competitive athletes may mimic the pathological remodelling of pathological hypertrophy. As a consequence, distinguishing between athlete’s heart and hypertension can sometimes be challenging. The present review aimed to focus on the differential diagnosis between hypertensive heart disease and athlete’s heart, providing clinical information useful to distinguish between physiological and pathological remodelling.

scholarly journals Increase in Lean Muscle Mass Results in Increased Left Ventricular Mass in Athlete's Heart

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S183
Author(s):  
R. Perry ◽  
A. Penhall ◽  
C. De Pasquale ◽  
J. Selvanayagam ◽  
M. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Athlete’S Heart ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass ◽  
Ventricular Mass ◽  
Athlete's Heart

scholarly journals N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Right Ventricular Diameter Are Related to Aspirin Resistance in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Kamila Marika Cygulska ◽  
Łukasz Figiel ◽  
Dariusz Sławek ◽  
Małgorzata Wraga ◽  
Marek Dąbrowa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Mass ◽  
Artery Disease

Background and Objectives: Resistance to ASA (ASAres) is a multifactorial phenomenon defined as insufficient reduction of platelet reactivity through incomplete inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis. The aim is to reassess the prevalence and predictors of ASAres in a contemporary cohort of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients (pts) on stable therapy with ASA, 75 mg o.d. Materials and Methods: We studied 205 patients with stable CAD treated with daily dose of 75 mg ASA for a minimum of one month. ASAres was defined as ARU (aspirin reaction units) ≥550 using the point-of-care VerifyNow Aspirin test. Results: ASAres was detected in 11.7% of patients. Modest but significant correlations were detected between ARU and concentration of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (r = 0.144; p = 0.04), body weight, body mass index, red blood cell distribution width, left ventricular mass, and septal end-systolic thickness, with trends for left ventricular mass index and prothrombin time. In multivariate regression analysis, log(NT-proBNP) was identified as the only independent predictor of ARU—partial r = 0.15, p = 0.03. Median concentrations of NT-proBNP were significantly higher in ASAres patients (median value 311.4 vs. 646.3 pg/mL; p = 0.046) and right ventricular diameter was larger, whereas mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was lower as compared to patients with adequate response to ASA. Conclusions: ASAres has significant prevalence in this contemporary CAD cohort and NT-proBNP has been identified as the independent correlate of on-treatment ARU, representing a predictor for ASAres, along with right ventricular enlargement and lower hemoglobin concentration in erythrocytes.

scholarly journals 1187 Evaluation of left and right ventricular functions with 3D speckle tracking in patients with mitral stenosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Seckin ◽  
S Unlu ◽  
G Tacoy
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Wall ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The function of both ventricles have been suggested to be affected in patients with mitral stenosis. In this study, it was aimed to investigate deformation properties of right (RV) and left ventricles (LV) in mild and moderate rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) patients with three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D-STE). Methods A total of 60 patients were included in the study (20 patients with mild MS diagnosis, 20 patients with moderate MS diagnosis and 20 healthy volunteers). Three-dimensional echocardiography datasets were obtained for both ventricles in all patients. An example for RV assessment is shown in Figure 1. LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), LV torsion, RV free wall (FW) LS and interventricular septal (IVS) LS measurements were analyzed. Results The LV ejection fraction (EF), RV fractional area change and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion values were statistically similar and in the normal range. The LV GLS measurements were significantly different among the groups by being highest in the control group and least in the moderate stenosis group (ANOVA,p &lt; 0.001) (Table 1). Patients with MS showed higher torsional values, correlated with MS severity (ANOVA,p &lt; 0.001) (Table 1). IVS LS, RVFW LS values obtained by RV analysis also differed significantly among groups. The FW-GLS values only showed significant difference between the control group and moderate MS group (Table 1). Conclusion Patients with mitral stenosis showed lower LV-GLS and higher LV torsion values. Although the LV GLS is affected; the LV EF was detected to be normal due to increase in LV torsion. RV deformation indices showed signıficant decrease in correlation with the severity of the mitral stenosis. In conclusion, our data suggest that subclinical LV and RV systolic dysfunction is present in mild-moderate MS patients and this dysfunction can be detected by 3D-STE. Table 1 Parameters Control group Mild MS Moderate MS P LV GLS (%) 23.3 ± 2.08 18.9 ± 1.3 17.5 ± 1.8 &lt;0.001 LV torsion 1.5 ± 0.6 2.1 ± 0.6 2.6 ± 0.5 &lt;0.001 IVS LS (%) 23 ± 3.0% 20 ± 2.6 17.1 ± 2.9 &lt;0.001 RV FW LS (%) 25.4 ± 5 22.7 ± 3.2 21.1 ± 4.8 &lt;0.001 FW; free-wall, GLS; global longitudinal strain, IVS; interventricular septum, LV; left ventricular, RV; right ventricular Abstract 1187 Figure 1

scholarly journals Associations of maternal glycemia in the first half of pregnancy with alterations in cardiac structure and function in childhood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama J. Wahab ◽  
Vincent W.V. Jaddoe ◽  
Arno A.W. Roest ◽  
Liza Toemen ◽  
Romy Gaillard
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Cardiac Outcomes ◽  
Ventricular Mass ◽  
And Function ◽  
Maternal Glucose

<b>OBJECTIVE: </b>Gestational diabetes has been associated with offspring cardiac congenital malformations, ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in large observational cohort studies and experimental animal models. We assessed the associations of maternal random glucose concentrations across the full range with childhood cardiac ventricular structure and function. <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: </b>In a population-based prospective cohort among 1,959 women and their offspring, maternal random glucose concentrations were measured at a median 13.1 weeks gestation (95% range 10.5; 16.8 weeks). We obtained offspring cardiac outcomes, relative to body size, through cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 10 years.</p> <p><b>RESULTS: </b>The mean maternal random glucose concentration was 4.4 mmol/l (Standard Deviation 0.8). The highest quintile of maternal glucose concentrations, compared to the lowest quintile, was associated with a lower childhood left ventricular mass (-0.19 Standard Deviation Score (SDS), 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -0.31; -0.07) and left ventricular end-diastolic-volume (-0.17 SDS, 95% -0.28; -0.05). Also, higher maternal glucose concentrations across the full range per 1 mmol/l increase were associated with a lower childhood left ventricular mass and left ventricular end-diastolic-volume (p-values≤0.05). Adjustment for maternal prepregnancy BMI, gestational age and weight at birth or childhood BMI and blood pressure did not influence the effect estimates. Maternal glucose concentrations were not significantly associated with childhood right ventricular end-diastolic-volume and left and right ventricular ejection fraction.</p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS: </b><a>Higher maternal random glucose concentrations in the first half of pregnancy are associated with a lower childhood left ventricular mass and left ventricular end-diastolic-volume, with the strongest associations for childhood left ventricular mass. These associations were not explained by maternal, birth or childhood characteristics. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings using repeated maternal glucose measurements throughout pregnancy and offspring cardiac outcomes throughout childhood and adulthood.</a></p>

scholarly journals Changes in Cardiac Morphology and Function in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus T. Jensen ◽  
Kenneth Fung ◽  
Nay Aung ◽  
Mihir M. Sanghvi ◽  
Sucharitha Chadalavada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Lv Ejection Fraction ◽  
And Function

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Detection of early cardiac changes before manifest disease develops is important. We investigated early alterations in cardiac structure and function associated with DM using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: Participants from the UK Biobank Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Substudy, a community cohort study, without known cardiovascular disease and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50% were included. Multivariable linear regression models were performed. The investigators were blinded to DM status. Results: A total of 3984 individuals, 45% men, (mean [SD]) age 61.3 (7.5) years, hereof 143 individuals (3.6%) with DM. There was no difference in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (DM versus no DM; coefficient [95% CI]: −0.86% [−1.8 to 0.5]; P =0.065), LV mass (−0.13 g/m 2 [−1.6 to 1.3], P =0.86), or right ventricular ejection fraction (−0.23% [−1.2 to 0.8], P =0.65). However, both LV and right ventricular volumes were significantly smaller in DM, (LV end-diastolic volume/m 2 : −3.46 mL/m 2 [−5.8 to −1.2], P =0.003, right ventricular end-diastolic volume/m 2 : −4.2 mL/m 2 [−6.8 to −1.7], P =0.001, LV stroke volume/m 2 : −3.0 mL/m 2 [−4.5 to −1.5], P <0.001; right ventricular stroke volume/m 2 : −3.8 mL/m 2 [−6.5 to −1.1], P =0.005), LV mass/volume: 0.026 (0.01 to 0.04) g/mL, P =0.006. Both left atrial and right atrial emptying fraction were lower in DM (right atrial emptying fraction: −6.2% [−10.2 to −2.1], P =0.003; left atrial emptying fraction:−3.5% [−6.9 to −0.1], P =0.043). LV global circumferential strain was impaired in DM (coefficient [95% CI]: 0.38% [0.01 to 0.7], P =0.045). Conclusions: In a low-risk general population without known cardiovascular disease and with preserved LV ejection fraction, DM is associated with early changes in all 4 cardiac chambers. These findings suggest that diabetic cardiomyopathy is not a regional condition of the LV but affects the heart globally.

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