scholarly journals Building an innovation system of medical devices in China: Drivers, barriers, and strategies for sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212093821
Author(s):  
Sok Teng Cheong ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Carolina Oi Lam Ung ◽  
Daisheng Tang ◽  
Hao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Diffusion

Objectives: This article aimed to discuss the emergence of medical device sector in China from a sectoral innovation system perspective, to explore the drivers and barriers to the successful building of an innovation system of medical devices, and to highlight the policy implications and suggestions for sustainable innovation of medical devices. Methods: A theoretical framework of sectoral systems of innovation was applied in the analysis of data, and materials were collected from multiple sources with particular attention paid to the evolutionary phases, structure, and function of the innovation system. Results: The evolution of medical device sector in China could be divided into four phases: initialization (1960s–1970s); exploration (1980s); steady growth (1990s); and rapid growth (since 2000). Through analyzing the innovation system’s structural components of technology, actors, and networking, as well as institutions, this study indicated that the government policy decision was the most important driver that affected the virtuous cycle of the Chinese medical device innovation system, followed by market demand and entrepreneurial activities. However, barriers against the innovation cycle such as knowledge base development and diffusion, legitimacy, and resource mobilization still remained. Conclusion: In its endeavor to build an innovation system, the Chinese medical device sector had made some progress in meeting the local medical demands and improving its industrial competence. Although a Chinese innovation system for medical devices was initiated under the guidance of the government, knowledge advancement and diffusion had become the main challenges for the sustainability of innovation in this sector. The future development depends on China’s effort and ability to establish education and health research systems specific to medical devices.

Tax and S&T Policies for Research Commercialization: Perspectives of Southeast Asian Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarunee Wonglimpiyarat
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Diamond Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Innovative Capacity

High-tech businesses are important in enhancing the innovative capacity of nation. Many countries use tax schemes as one of the government policy instruments to provide an environment conducive to the growth of high-tech companies. This paper analyzes the tax policies and R&D tax incentives to promote technology commercialization in Singapore and Thailand. The analysis is focused on the government dimension of Porter’s diamond model. The results reveal the government intervention model whereby the governments of both countries have pursued a developmental state role in fostering innovative entrepreneurship. The study offers insightful lessons linking tax policy to the perspective of science and technology (S&T) policy. The policy implications would be useful to other developing economies in shaping the direction of the national innovation system.

Diffusion of diagnostic medical devices and policy implications for India

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Mahal ◽  
Anil Varshney ◽  
Srinivas Taman
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Facilities

Objectives:This study describes the diffusion of advanced diagnostic devices in India and assess implications for efficiency in resource use and equity.Methods:Commodity-level import statistics, household survey data, and interviews with medical device sellers are used to assess the spread of diagnostic devices. Published qualitative evidence, case studies of diagnostic service providers, and cross-country analyses are used to identify the reasons underlying the spread of medical devices in India. Case studies of public and private providers and data from 150 hospitals in one Indian state are used to assess efficiency in resource use and the distributive impacts of diagnostic devices.Results:High-end medical device inflows rose during the 1990s, with both supply- and demand-side factors influencing this trend. Although our results suggest that the overall quantity of advanced diagnostics in India is not excessive, there is some evidence of inefficiency in public facilities and possibly unethical practices in private diagnostic facilities. The unequal geographical distribution of magnetic resonance imaging facilities, coupled with inefficient use of medical devices in public facilities suggests inequality in access.Conclusions:The study points to major regulatory gaps and health system inefficiencies and suggests ways in which these gaps can be addressed.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN GULA CAIR BERBAHAN BAKU UBI KAYU SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF GULA KRISTAL DENGAN PENDEKATAN SISTEM INOVASI

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suripto Suripto ◽  
M. Syamsul Maarif ◽  
Yandra Arkeman
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Public ◽  
Alternative Sweetener ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Diffusion

<p>Alternative sweetener (glucose and fructose syrup) made from cassava is still imported.<br />Potential of domestic raw materials is very large. In terms of technology and business<br />feasibility, commercialization of small-scale manufacturing of liquid sugar can be done. This<br />product is also excellent for food, beverages and medicines. The problem is the innovation<br />process is not so well known in the wider community. As an alternative strategic food product,<br />the development of this product is the responsibility of the government. The purpose of this<br />paper is to study the development of liquid sugar made from raw cassava with the innovation<br />systems approach. Innovation system which is used in this assessment is the system of<br />agricultural innovation by Termel, et al in Zuhal (2010). Key to the success of this development<br />is the process of diffusion of innovations to investors in the centers of production and diffusion<br />of cassava products to the public. The method used is coaching and training, campaigns and<br />socialization benefits products.</p>

scholarly journals TAHAP KEPUASAN PENGUNJUNG TERHADAP KEMUDAHAN DAN PERKHIDMATAN GERAI MAKANAN LAUT DI KOTA KINABALU, SABAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Jabil Mapjabil ◽  
Rosmiza Mohd Zainol ◽  
Noorziah Mohd Salleh ◽  
Datu Razali Datu Eranza ◽  
Sanisah Sarida Awang Hamat
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implications ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Visitor Satisfaction ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Government

Seafood stall facilities are one of the tourist attractions when it comes to seeking food in Kota Kinabalu. In the Malaysian context, studies related to tourism and the food sector are scarce and limited. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of respondents' visits to seafood stalls, review the level of visitor satisfaction of basic amenities at seafood stalls, and to examine the satisfaction level of the seafood services visited in Kota Kinabalu. The number of respondents is 91 people consisting of local residents, including daily visitors and domestic tourists. The respondents involved in this study were daily visitors, domestic tourists, visiting family or friends living in Kota Kinabalu. Regardless of their primary purposes of the visit, the majority of them were satisfied with seafood stall facilities and services except for the hygiene and safety aspects of the area. Such facilities include facilities for the disabled. It must be noted that the availability of parking space is the main problem faced by respondents when visiting seafood stalls. In terms of policy implications, all stakeholders, especially the government, need to be aware of the current market demand and plan strategies to increase tourist arrivals to the state. Therefore, the findings of this study are important to policymakers, especially the Ministry of Tourism in Sabah. Keywords: Level of Visitor Satisfaction, Facilities and Services, Seafood

The Problem of Agricultural Taxation in West Pakistan and an Alternative Solution: A Comment (Notes & Comments)

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Khan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Water Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

In the Summer 1973 issue of the Pakistan Development Review, Mr. Mohammad Ghaffar Chaudhry [1] has dealt with two very important issues relating to the intersectoral tax equity and the intrasectoral tax equity within the agricultural sector in Pakistan. Using a simple criterion for vertical tax equity that implies that the tax rate rises with per capita income such that the ratio of revenue to income rises at the same percentage rate as per capita income, Mr. Chaudhry found that the agricultural sector is overtaxed in Pakistan. Mr. Chaudhry further found that the land tax is a regressive levy with respect to the farm size. Both findings, if valid, have important policy implications. In this note we argue that the validity of the findings on intersectoral tax equity depends on the treatment of water rate as tax rather than the price of a service provided by the Government and on the shifting assumptions regard¬ing the indirect taxes on imports and domestic production levied by the Central Government. The relevance of the findings on the intrasectoral tax burden would have been more obvious if the tax liability was related to income from land per capita.

Regulating Medical Devices in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Zettler ◽  
Erika Lietzan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Medical Device Regulation

This chapter assesses the regulation of medical devices in the United States. The goal of the US regulatory framework governing medical devices is the same as the goal of the framework governing medicines. US law aims to ensure that medical devices are safe and effective for their intended uses; that they become available for patients promptly; and that manufacturers provide truthful, non-misleading, and complete information about the products. US medical device law is different from US medicines law in many ways, however, perhaps most notably because most marketed devices do not require pre-market approval. The chapter explores how the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeks to accomplish its mission with respect to medical devicecough its implementation of its medical device authorities. It starts by explaining what constitutes a medical device and how the FDA classifies medical devices by risk level. The chapter then discusses how medical devices reach the market, the FDA's risk management tools, and the rules and incentives for innovation and competition. It concludes by exploring case studies of innovative medical technologies that challenge the traditional US regulatory scheme to consider the future of medical device regulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document