An Analysis on the Impact of Natural Disasters on the Economy of the Philippines

Over the past century, natural disasters have been terrorizing the economy by causing human fatalities and damaging infrastructure and production inputs. The Solow growth model suggests that natural disasters adversely affect gross domestic product (GDP) since these disrupt the production of inputs. On the contrary, the Schumpeterian growth theory provides an explanation behind the positive effect of natural disasters on economic growth. This study analyzed the relationship between natural disasters (i.e. earthquake, flood, and storm), economic activities (i.e. foreign aid and foreign direct investment) and GDP per capita income in the Philippines from 1990 to 2019. This study employed a multivariate analysis, time series regression, and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. The results revealed a complex relationship between GDP per capita and the regressors. In the short run, the independent variables have a negative and significant relationship with the country’s per capita income. On the contrary, only FDI has a significant long-run relationship with the economy of the Philippines. The results highlight the Philippines’ need for comprehensive disaster plans and to lessen its dependence on foreign and external factors.

Coronavirus and DNA ADN

This chapter affirms that countries with enviable indicators in development, per capita income, life expectancy, cultural level, human rights, environmental care, etc. are the most affected by the pandemic. The fact that the UK, Belgium, and Spain are failing at the hands of the coronavirus and Syria, Rwanda, or Ethiopia have had hardly any (reported) infections or deaths can be justified in many ways but none of them is convincing. The author suggests that the reason could be that those three European countries have something in common: the shared frequency of the male haplogroup R1b, which in the three aforementioned cases represents over 60% of their population and is also predominant in Western Europe and (because of historical immigration) in most of America. If we put together the map of COVID-19 and the haplogroup R1b, he concludes, we can obtain the following formula: the higher the frequency of R1b, the greater incidence, proven or probable (real or potential), of COVID-19.

Poverty issues, including the working poverty in Russia

Subject. The poverty of the population with all features and factors of its manifestation causes deep structural problems that affect the development of the national economy. Objectives. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the poverty of the population category, using statistical data, identification of causes of the gap in the level of salaries of Russian and foreign specialists, determination of factors that have the greatest impact on the development of working poverty in Russia. Methods. The study draws on methods of logical and statistical analysis. Results. We considered approaches to the definition of poverty in Russia and other countries, analyzed absolute and relative poverty in Russia, the impact of subsistence minimum on the definition of poverty, assessed nominal and real incomes of the population. The ratio of the average per capita income of the population and the subsistence minimum decreased over the past decade, however, the poverty was not overcome during this period. The per capita income in Russia turned out to be low, real incomes continue to decline. Due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, a decline in wages can be traced, both in space and in time. Conclusions. Worsening the poverty situation in the country creates a chain of problems related to the distrust of the State policy in the social and labor spheres, expanded production slowdown, an increase in social tension in the society. A reduction of working poverty should be a priority task for the State.

AN EVALUATION OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS IN KARNATAKA WITH REFERENCE TO MYSURU AND MANGALURU CITY CORPORATIONS

The research study attempts to evaluate the financial performance of Mysuru and Mangaluru City Corporations in Karnataka. The study is based on secondary data, which will be collected through secondary sources of financial statements of Mysuru and Mangaluru city corporation. The data so collected will be tabulated appropriately to achieve the objectives set. Required statistical tools will also be used to test the hypotheses formulated in the study. The per capita income and per capita expenditure were increased in all selected Municipal corporations during the study period 2010-11 to 2019-20. There is no significant difference in per capita income between Mysuru CC and Mangaluru CC, which means per capita income is almost equal in selected Municipal Corporations. The per capita expenditure is also equivalent to Mysuru CC and Mangaluru CC. It also found that the expenditure of selected Municipal Corporation is high compared to their income, which means the selected Municipal Corporation depends on State Government grants and loans. There is a significant difference between the development and non -development expenditure on revenue account of both Mysuru and Mangaluru City Corporations. The Mysuru CC had the highest development expenditure in 2017-18 and became 262.64 crores and lowest by 50.04 crores of Mangaluru CC in 2012-13. The Mysuru CC has the highest non-development expenditure in 2019-20 and became 199.52 crores and lowest by 16.73 crores of Mangaluru CC in 2010-11.

Structural transformation trajectories: Evidence from successful exporting countries

This paper identifies and examines several success criteria for the structural transformation of exports. Some detailed facts for the leading countries in structural transformation are presented, and the paper is the first in social sciences literature to calculate the Fréchet distances between the structural transformation trajectories according to various criteria. The paper introduces the concept of structural transformation trajectory that is defined as the path in the two coordinates — per capita income and one of the success criteria for the structural transformation of exports. Based on the brief review of the literature, four criteria for the empirical research are selected: (i) an increase in the ratio of exports of capital to consumer products, (ii) an enhancement of the export share of high-tech products, (iii) a decrease in export concentration, and (iv) an expansion of export complexity. In most cases, countries leading structural transformation succeed due to a limited number of specific factors, such as foreign direct investment in a limited number of sectors, participation in the assembly of telecom products, automobiles or similar consumer products, and re-export of products from other countries. However, high per capita income growth rates are typically observed in countries with high coherence of the success criteria for the structural transformation of exports, that is, in countries that made progress on a whole range of criteria.

Structural transformation trajectories: Evidence from successful exporting countries

This paper identifies and examines several success criteria for the structural transformation of exports. Some detailed facts for the leading countries in structural transformation are presented, and the paper is the first in social sciences literature to calculate the Fréchet distances between the structural transformation trajectories according to various criteria. The paper introduces the concept of structural transformation trajectory that is defined as the path in the two coordinates — per capita income and one of the success criteria for the structural transformation of exports. Based on the brief review of the literature, four criteria for the empirical research are selected: (i) an increase in the ratio of exports of capital to consumer products, (ii) an enhancement of the export share of high-tech products, (iii) a decrease in export concentration, and (iv) an expansion of export complexity. In most cases, countries leading structural transformation succeed due to a limited number of specific factors, such as foreign direct investment in a limited number of sectors, participation in the assembly of telecom products, automobiles or similar consumer products, and re-export of products from other countries. However, high per capita income growth rates are typically observed in countries with high coherence of the success criteria for the structural transformation of exports, that is, in countries that made progress on a whole range of criteria.

The Effect of Zakat, Poverty, Unemployment, and Per Capita Income on HDI Through Economic Growth As Intervening Variables in Central Java Period 2017-2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of zakat, poverty, unemployment, and income per capita on the human development index in Central Java with economic growth as an intervening variable. This research is a quantitative research with secondary data taken from the Central Java Baznas and the BPS website. The data used is panel data, which is a combination of time series data from 2017-2020 and cross section data of 35 districts/cities. The population of this study is in districts/cities in Central Java with saturated sampling. The analysis tool uses eviews 9.0 with regression analysis selected fixed effect model. The results showed that zakat and poverty had a significant effect on HDI, while unemployment and income per capita had no significant effect on HDI. Then zakat and poverty have a significant effect on economic growth, while unemployment and per capita income do not have a significant effect on economic growth. But economic growth has a significant effect on HDI. Then, simultaneously the variables of zakat, poverty, unemployment, and income per capita have no effect on HDI with economic growth as moderating.

The Indonesian Macroeconomics Perspective: Halal Industry Sector be enhancing the Growth of Income per Capita

The purpose of writing this article is to examine the macroeconomic perspective of the halal industry sector on per capita income in Indonesia. The method used is qualitatively descriptive through the study of literature and literature. The halal industry sector in Indonesia has contributed to GDP based on the field sector. High GDP values support high per capita income through income distribution. There are several sub-sectors of the halal industry that contribute to the Indonesian economy. Recommended to the Indonesian government through the ministries of trade, MSMEs and Cooperatives to continue to support the acceleration of improvement in the realization of halal brands.

Analisis Pengaruh Pendidikan, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Pendapatan Perkapita Terhadap Chronic Poverty

This study objectives are to analyze: 1) the effect of education on chronic poverty in West Sumatra, 2) the effect of economic growth on chronic poverty in West Sumatra, 3) the effect of per capita income on chronic poverty in West Sumatra, 4) the effect of education, economic growth and per capita income on chronic poverty in West Sumatra. This is a quantitative research. This study used secondary data from 2010-2019, obtained from related institutions and agencies and then was analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis. Prerequisite analysis tests performed include normality test, heteroscedasticity test, multicollinearity test and autocorrelation test. The results shows that 1) education has a negative and significant effect on chronic poverty in West Sumatera, 2) economic growth has a negative and significant effect on chronic poverty in West Sumatera, 3) per capita income has negative and insignificant effect on chronic poverty in West Sumatera, 4) education, economic growth and per capita income have significant effect on chronic poverty in West Sumatera simultaneously.

Socio-economic status and lifestyle of female greenhouse workers

The aim of the study was to assess the socio-economic factors and some components of the lifestyle of female workers in greenhouse farms in the Voronezh region for the period 2018-2019. Materials and methods. The research material was the results of a questionnaire survey of 451 female worker of agricultural enterprises in the Voronezh region. The results were processed using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results. The study showed female workers in greenhouse farms in the area in most cases had a low level of income (less than 8 thousand roubles/family member), only 60.31% of female workers had good living conditions. Most of the female workers (79.82%) had specialized secondary education. Characteristics of the marital status of greenhouse workers in the studied production groups showed that only half of the workers were officially married (55.21%). Informal relationships and divorces were found much more often in vegetable and mushroom female growers. A registered marriage was seen less frequently than in the control group. The income level of fewer than 8 thousand rubles per family member was of decisive importance for the possibility of marriage. It was also associated with a low level of quality of relations between partners. According to the survey, the majority of female workers had good family relations (71.62%). Inappropriate and awful relationships were observed only in families with less than 8 thousand rubles per capita income, and excellent - only at a higher income level. The majority of the surveyed women was found to have bad habits: 88.16 - 90.74% of women indicated alcohol consumption, without significant differences between the studied groups; significantly more often smoking cigarettes was observed among vegetable and mushroom growers in comparison with the control group - 34.29% and 28.57%, respectively, versus 13.89%. Conclusion. The determining factors of the quality of life were the levels of per capita income and education, which influence all aspects of the lifestyle, including bad habits.