Persistence of oncogenic and non-oncogenic human papillomavirus is associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Kenyan women

Objectives: Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection with oncogenic, or “high-risk” types of human papillomaviruses, and is the most common malignancy in Kenyan women. A longitudinal study was initiated to investigate factors associated with persistent human papillomavirus detection among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Kenyan women without evidence of cervical dysplasia. Methods: Demographic/behavioral data and cervical swabs were collected from HIV-uninfected women (n = 82) and HIV-infected women (n = 101) at enrollment and annually for 2 years. Human papillomavirus typing was performed on swabs (Roche Linear Array). Logistic regression models of human papillomavirus persistence were adjusted for demographic and behavioral characteristics. Results: HIV-infected women were older and less likely to be married and to own a home and had more lifetime sexual partners than HIV-uninfected women. All HIV-infected women were receiving anti-retroviral therapy at enrollment and had satisfactory CD4 cell counts and HIV viral loads. One- and two-year persistent human papillomavirus detection was significantly associated with HIV infection for any human papillomavirus, high-risk human papillomavirus, International Agency for the Research on Cancer-classified high-risk human papillomavirus, and non-oncogenic “low-risk” human papillomavirus. Conclusion: Persistent detection of oncogenic and non-oncogenic human papillomavirus was strongly associated with HIV infection in Kenyan women with re-constituted immune systems based on satisfactory CD4 cell counts. In addition to HIV infection, factors associated with an increased risk of human papillomavirus persistence included a higher number of lifetime sex partners. Factors associated with decreased risk of human papillomavirus persistence included older age and being married. Further studies are needed to identify the immunological defects in HIV-infected women that allow human papillomavirus persistence, even in women receiving effective anti-retroviral therapy. Further studies are also needed to determine the significance of low-risk human papillomavirus persistence in HIV-infected women.

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Factors associated with late presentation of HIV infection in Catalonia, Spain

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/ijsa.2011.011280 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 475-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

N Vives ◽

D Carnicer-Pont ◽

P Garcia De Olalla ◽

N Camps ◽

A Esteve ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Late Presentation ◽

Late Diagnosis ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Hiv Surveillance ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Populations At Risk ◽

Cd4 Cell

We sought to describe the prevalence, trends and factors associated with late diagnosis of HIV infection between 2001 and 2008 in Catalonia, Spain. Adults over 13 years of age with available CD4 cell counts, who were notified to the Catalonia Voluntary HIV Surveillance System between January 2001 and December 2008, were included in the study. Late presentation for HIV infection was defined as a CD4 cell count <350 cells/μL or with an AIDS-defining condition at presentation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with late diagnosis of HIV. Of the 4651 newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals with available CD4 counts, 2598 (55.9%) were diagnosed late. The proportion of people with a late diagnosis decreased from 60.4% in 2001 to 50% in 2008, a significant trend ( P < 0.001). Older age, male gender, foreign birth, heterosexuality and injecting drug use were independent risk factors for late diagnosis. Strategies to actively promote HIV testing to populations at risk of late diagnosis of HIV or those never attending health systems should be implemented.

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Factors associated with prognostic or treatment outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients with and without hypertension in Eswatini

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92185-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sabelo Bonginkosi Dlamini ◽

Hans-Uwe Dahms ◽

Ming-Tsang Wu

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

P Value ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Large Hospital ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell ◽

Hiv Aids

AbstractNon-communicable diseases are increasing faster in HIV/AIDS patients than in the general population. We studied the association between hypertension and other possible confounding factors on viral load and CD4-cell counts in hypertensive and non-hypertensive HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at a large hospital in Eswatini over a 4-year period. We performed a retrospective longitudinal review of the medical records of 560 ART patients divided into non-hypertension and hypertension groups (n = 325 and n = 235) from July 27 to September 8, 2018. Generalized Estimated Equation was used to analyze the longitudinal data. Hypertensive patients were more likely to have improved CD4-cell counts than non-hypertensive patients (OR = 1.83, [1.37–2.44]). ART patients with hypertension were more likely to have detectable viral loads, though not significant (OR = 1.37 [0.77–2.43]). In non-hypertensive patients, second line ART was significantly associated with viral load (OR = 8.61 [2.93–25.34]) and adverse side effects (OR = 3.50 [1.06–11.54]), while isoniazid preventive therapy was significantly associated with CD4-cell counts (OR = 1.68 [1.16–2.45]). In hypertensive patients, factors associated with viral load were WHO HIV stage (OR = 2.84 [1.03–7.85]) and adherence (OR = 8.08 [1.33–49.04]). In both groups, CD4-cell counts significantly and steadily increased over time (p-value < 0.001). Results show a significant association between hypertension and CD4 cell counts but not viral load. In ART patients with and without hypertension, the factors associated with prognostic markers were different. More attention may need to be paid to ART patients with well controlled HIV status to monitoring and controlling of hypertension status.

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Incidence of Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Associated With HIV Serostatus, CD4 Cell Counts, and Human Papillomavirus Test Results

Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1097/01.aog.0000166691.76863.c6 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 105 (6) ◽

pp. 1481

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Test Results ◽

Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽

Hiv Serostatus ◽

Cd4 Cell ◽

Intraepithelial Lesions

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CD4 cell counts used as surrogate test for HIV infection

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.311.7003.513b ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 311 (7003) ◽

pp. 513-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A S Jack ◽

S Richards

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell

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The outcome predictors and therapeutic strategy of pneumocystis pneumonia in North China: a double-center retrospective study

10.21203/rs.2.9235/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Hua ◽

Yang Yang ◽

Zheng Zhang ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Jing Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Side Effect ◽

Therapeutic Strategy ◽

North China ◽

Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽

Parameter Distribution ◽

Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is common in HIV/AIDS patients with advanced immunosuppression. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is recommended as the first-line anti-pneumocystis agent as soon as PCP is suspected based on its typical feature. However, the clinical characteristic and therapeutic strategy of Chinese PCP were not well-known. Methods: We retrospectively investigated 473 HIV associated PCPs in North China from double centers, Beijing You An Hospital during 2010 to 2017 and the Infectious Disease Hospital in Harbin during 2015 to 2017. HIV associated PCP were diagnosed as the guideline recommended by CDC, NIH and HIV Medicine Association of IDSA. Demographic and clinic data were collected and statistically analysed as the parameter distribution feature. Results: Among 473 HIV associated PCPs, we found that men were over-represented in PCP due to the high incidence of HIV infection among male homosexuality, and over one-third of them were aware of their HIV infection ago but did not maintain effective antiretroviral therapy. A history of smoking and multi-organism infection or system infection were common among them. In the multivariate analysis, we found lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (OR 1.020, 95% CI 1.006-1.033, P=0.005), alveolar-arterial O2 difference ([A-a] DO2) and neutrophils counts (OR 1.051, 95% CI 1.005-1.099, P=0.030) were unfavourable predictors and CD4 cell counts (OR 0.900, 95% CI 0.813-0.996, P=0.041) were favourable predictor of PCP outcome. Trimethoprim/sulfamethozole (TMP/SMZ) but not TMP/SMX was used to anti-pneumocystis therapy in these patients with a low side-effect incidence which mainly forcused on epispasis, fever, liver injury and myelosuppression. Caspofungin was the only alternative medicine for those presented poor efficacy or could not tolerate the side-effects of TMP-SMZ and near 30 percent of moderate/severe PCP received glucocorticoid treatment. Conclusion: The present data suggest that high levels of serum-LDH, [A-a] DO2 and neutrophils counts and low CD4 cell counts predict poor outcome of PCP. TMP/SMZ can cure most PCPs with a low side-effect incidence and caspofungin is an effective alternation. A larger prospective study is needed to obtain better estimates of PCP in China.

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SP097ATTENUATED DIURNAL BLOOD PRESSURE RHYTHM IN HIV INFECTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER CD4 CELL COUNTS

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfw159.06 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. i117-i117

Author(s):

Ingjerd W Manner ◽

Bard Waldum-Grevbo ◽

Olav Oektedalen ◽

Ingrid Os

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell

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Interleukin-2 increases CD4+ cell counts in HIV infection

Inpharma Weekly ◽

10.2165/00128413-199509770-00035 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol &NA; (977) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

&NA;

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell

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TB Meningitis in HIV-Positive Patients in Europe and Argentina: Clinical Outcome and Factors Associated with Mortality

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/373601 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anne Marie W. Efsen ◽

Alexander M. Panteleev ◽

Daniel Grint ◽

Daria N. Podlekareva ◽

Anna Vassilenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Rank Test ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Cumulative Probability ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽

Cd4 Cell

Objectives.The study aimed at describing characteristics and outcome of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in HIV-positive patients and comparing these parameters with those of extrapulmonary TB (TBEP) and pulmonary TB (TBP).Methods.Kaplan-Meier estimation and Poisson regression models were used to assess the mortality following TB diagnosis and to evaluate potential prognostic factors for the 3 groups of TB patients separately.Results.A total of 100 patients with TBM, 601 with TBEP, and 371 TBP were included. Patients with TBM had lower CD4 cell counts and only 17.0% received antiretroviral therapy (ART) at TB diagnosis. The cumulative probability of death at 12 months following TB was 51.2% for TBM (95% CI 41.4–61.6%), 12.3% for TBP (8.9–15.7%), and 19.4% for TBEP (16.1–22.6) (P<0.0001; log-rank test). For TBM, factors associated with a poorer prognosis were not being on ART (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 4.00 (1.72–9.09), a prior AIDS diagnosis (aIRR=4.82(2.61–8.92)), and receiving care in Eastern Europe (aIRR=5.41(2.58–11.34))).Conclusions.TBM among HIV-positive patients was associated with a high mortality rate, especially for patients from Eastern Europe and patients with advanced HIV-infection, which urgently calls for public health interventions to improve both TB and HIV aspects of patient management.

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