scholarly journals Factors associated with prognostic or treatment outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients with and without hypertension in Eswatini

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabelo Bonginkosi Dlamini ◽  
Hans-Uwe Dahms ◽  
Ming-Tsang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
P Value ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractNon-communicable diseases are increasing faster in HIV/AIDS patients than in the general population. We studied the association between hypertension and other possible confounding factors on viral load and CD4-cell counts in hypertensive and non-hypertensive HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at a large hospital in Eswatini over a 4-year period. We performed a retrospective longitudinal review of the medical records of 560 ART patients divided into non-hypertension and hypertension groups (n = 325 and n = 235) from July 27 to September 8, 2018. Generalized Estimated Equation was used to analyze the longitudinal data. Hypertensive patients were more likely to have improved CD4-cell counts than non-hypertensive patients (OR = 1.83, [1.37–2.44]). ART patients with hypertension were more likely to have detectable viral loads, though not significant (OR = 1.37 [0.77–2.43]). In non-hypertensive patients, second line ART was significantly associated with viral load (OR = 8.61 [2.93–25.34]) and adverse side effects (OR = 3.50 [1.06–11.54]), while isoniazid preventive therapy was significantly associated with CD4-cell counts (OR = 1.68 [1.16–2.45]). In hypertensive patients, factors associated with viral load were WHO HIV stage (OR = 2.84 [1.03–7.85]) and adherence (OR = 8.08 [1.33–49.04]). In both groups, CD4-cell counts significantly and steadily increased over time (p-value < 0.001). Results show a significant association between hypertension and CD4 cell counts but not viral load. In ART patients with and without hypertension, the factors associated with prognostic markers were different. More attention may need to be paid to ART patients with well controlled HIV status to monitoring and controlling of hypertension status.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Prognostic or Treatment Outcomes in HIV/AIDS Patients with and without Hypertension in Eswatini

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabelo Dlamini ◽  
Hans-Uwe Dahms ◽  
Ming-Tsang WU
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Non-communicable diseases are increasing faster in HIV/AIDS patients than in the general population. We studied the association between hypertension and other possibly confounding factors on retroviral load and CD4-cell count in hypertensive and non-hypertensive HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at a large hospital in Eswatini over a 4-year period. Method: We performed a retrospective longitudinal review of the medical records of 560 ART patients divided into non-hypertension and hypertension groups (n=325 and n=235) from July 27 to September 8, 2018. Generalized Estimated Equation was used to analyze the longitudinal data.Results: Hypertensive patients were more likely to have improved CD4-cell counts than non-hypertensive patients (OR=1.83, [1.37–2.44]). ART patients with hypertension were more likely to have detectable retroviral loads, though not significant (OR=1.37 [0.77-2.43]). In non-hypertensive patients, second line ART was significantly associated with retroviral load (OR=8.61 [2.93-25.34]) and adverse side effects (OR=3.50 [1.06-11.54]), while isoniazid preventive therapy was significantly associated with CD4-cell counts (OR=1.68 [1.16 – 2.45]). In hypertensive patients, factors associated with retroviral load were HIV stage (OR=2.84 [1.03–7.85]) and adherence (OR = 8.08 [1.33–49.04]). In both groups, CD4-cell counts significantly and steadily increased over time (p-value <0.001).Conclusions: Results show a significant association between hypertension and CD4 cell counts but not retroviral load. In ART patients with and without hypertension, the factors associated with prognostic markers were different. More attention may need to be paid to ART patients with well controlled HIV statuses to monitoring and controlling of hypertension status.

scholarly journals Evaluation of glycoprotein B genotypes and load of CMV infecting blood leukocytes on prognosis of AIDS patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Albuquerque Cunha ◽  
Vitor Hugo Aquino ◽  
Viviane Mariguela ◽  
Maurício Lacerda Nogueira ◽  
Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cmv Disease ◽  
Cd4 Cell

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains an important pathogen to immunocompromised patients even in the era of HAART. The present study aimed at evaluating the influence of CMV viral load and its gB genotypes on AIDS patients' outcome. METHODS: Blood samples of 101 AIDS patients were collected and tested for HIV load, CD4 - cell count and opportunistic pathogens, including CMV. Semi-nested PCRs were run to detect CMV genome and in the positive samples, gB genotyping and CMV load were established using enzymatic restriction and real time PCR, respectively. All patients were clinically followed for four years. RESULTS: In thirty patients (31%) CMV was detected and all fatal cases (n = 5) occurred in this group of patients (p = 0.007), but only two patients had CMV disease (1.9%). However, viral load was not statistically associated with any analyzed parameter. The most frequently observed CMV genotype was gB2 (45.16%) followed by gB3 (35.48%). gB2 genotype was more frequently found in patients with CD4-cell counts under 200 cells/mm³ (p = 0.0017), and almost all fatal cases (80%) had gB2 genotype. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that CMV and its polymorphisms in biologically relevant genes, such as the gB encoding ORF, may still influence the prognosis and outcome of AIDS patients. The gB2 genotype was associated to patient's bad outcome.

scholarly journals Toxoplasmosis Among HIV Patients and Healthy Volunteers in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn O Onosakponome ◽  
Austin E Abah ◽  
Michael Wogu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a serious infection, especially among the immune-compromised people such as HIV/AIDS patients. Objectives: This study assessed the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxoplasmosis among HIV patients and healthy volunteers or immuno-competent persons (IP) in Port Harcourt. Methods: A total of 400 (200 per group) randomly-selected sera were tested for IgG and IgM T. gondii antibodies using ELISA technique. CD4 cell counts were also determined. Demographic and risk factors were determined using a well-structured questionnaire. Results: Overall seroprevalence for HIV and IP using IgG and IgM toxoplasma antibodies was 36.0%, 21.5%, and 1.5%, 7.0%, respectively. The age group f 40 years and above had the highest seroprevalence of 25.3% among the HIV positive persons, while the age groups 25 - 29 years had the highest seroprevalence of 20.0% among the IP. Traders’ positive with HIV had the highest seroprevalence of 30.0% and 0.9% for IgG and IgM toxoplasma antibodies, respectively. HIV subjects with a secondary education showed the highest seroprevalence of 20.0%. More HIV positive females were infected with toxoplasmosis 18.5%. In all, 6.7% (P > 0.05) of the seropositive patients had CD4 cell counts of less than 200 cells/µL, indicating no correlation between seroprevalence and CD4 cell counts of HIV/AIDS patients. Risk factors in this study included the history of living with pets, farming and eating improperly-washed fruits and vegetables. Conclusions: Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis was high among HIV patients in Port Harcourt. It is suggested that the institutions included the Toxoplasmosis test as one of the routine tests for HIV patients.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL IN TIME TO EVENT ANALYSIS OF HIV/AIDS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Bemgba Apeagee ◽  
P. O. Agada ◽  
D. A. Dzaar ◽  
A. A. Ede
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Aids

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remains a public health crisis that has contributed to the majority of deaths recorded in the past decade, affecting Nigeria and other countries of the world as it has become drug resistance in some patients. This study was aimed at estimating the effects of covariates on the survival time for HIV/AIDS patients using the Cox PH model. The KM results indicated that 91 patients were males, out of which 31 experienced the event of interest, and 60 (68.9%) were censored, 209 were females, 65 died due to AIDS, and 144 were censored (68.9%) respectively. The results of the Cox PHM indicated that sex, age, and health of patients are positively associated with death due to AIDS with the associated negative length of survival for HIV/AIDS patients with HR (1.149, 1.235, 1.887, and 1.306) respectively. The study concluded that CD4 cell counts are the only variable or covariate that showed a lower risk of death due to AIDS. The results further stated that patients with high CD4 cell counts have lower risks of death due to AIDS but an increase in survival time considering other factors. The study, therefore recommends that survival analysis should be used to assess the various risk factors and the confounding effects associated with them stressing that a patient’s lifestyle should be improved to live healthy as they continue to age older.

STUDY OF THE LEFT VENTRICULAR STRUCTURE AND SYSTOLIC FUNCTION BY ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN HIV INFECTED AND AIDS PATIENTS (HIV/AIDS)

2015 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Quoc Tan Tran ◽  
Anh Vu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Systolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular Systolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Left Ventricular Structure ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Ventricular Structure ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: HIV/AIDS is a serious disease. It is continuing to grow rapidly and spread both in Vietnam and many countries around the world. Recent studies show that approximately 10% of patients with cardiovascular disease. Around the world there are many studies on morphology and left ventricular systolic function by echocardiography in heart disease. The research aimed to evaluate the left ventricular structure and systolic function by echocardiographic in HIV infected and AIDS patients. Objectives: To study of the left ventricular structure and systolic function by echocardiographic in HIV infected and AIDS patients (HIV/AIDS). Methods: The study was performed by cross sectional descriptive study, including 109 patients who had been diagnosed immunodeficiency syndrome - HIV / AIDS, ages 17-70 (63 males and 46 females) in Hospital of Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City. Results: The rate of heart disease seen in the study: pericardial effusion 2.70%, myocarditis 0.90%, endocarditis 0.90%, mitral valve disease 8.30% and impaired left ventricular systolic function 5.50%. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was 61.31 ± 6.36% and fractional shortening (FS) was 36.90 ± 5.30%. There was a decline (p <0.05) in ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) from 62.42 ± 6.19 % and 37.85 ± 5.25 % in the group of HIV/AIDS patients with CD4 cell counts > 200/mm3 down to 58.51 ± 6.00 % and 34.48 ± 4.68 % in the group of HIV/AIDS patients with CD4 cell counts ≤ 200/mm3. Conclusions: AIDS patients may have a reduced systolic ventricular function and some cardiac complications. Key words: HIV/AIDS; Systolic function; echocardiography.

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