Prostate cancer screening: A survey of medical students’ knowledge in Lome, Togo, and associated determinants in a resource-limited African context

Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess the knowledge of medical students in Lomé about these means of screening for prostate cancer in a context of limited resources and controversy about prostate cancer screening, and to identify the determinants associated with these results. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted in the form of a survey of medical students regularly enrolled at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Lomé for the 2019–2020 academic years. Results: Of the 1635 eligible students, 1017 correctly completed the form, corresponding to a rate of 62.20%. The average age was 22 ± 3.35 years. The sex ratio (M/F) was 2.5. Undergraduate students were the most represented (53.69%). Students who had not received any training on prostate cancer were the most represented (57.13%). Only 12.88% of the students had completed a training course in urology. Concerning the prostate-specific antigen blood test, there was a statistically significant relationship between the students’ knowledge and some of their socio-demographic characteristics, namely age (p value = 0.0037; 95% confidence interval (0.50–1.77)); gender (p value = 0.0034; 95% confidence interval (1.43–2.38)); study cycle (p value ˂ 0.0001; 95% confidence interval (0.56–5.13)) and whether or not they had completed a placement in a urology department (p value ˂ 0.0001; 95% confidence interval (0.49–1.55)). On the contrary, there was no statistically significant relationship between students’ knowledge of the digital rectal examination and their study cycle (p value = 0.082; 95% confidence interval (0.18–3.44)). Conclusion: Medical students in Lomé have a good theoretical knowledge and a fair practical level of the digital rectal examination clinical examination and an average theoretical knowledge and a below average practical level of prostate-specific antigen, increasing however along the curriculum in the context of prostate cancer screening.

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Religious Involvement and Prostate Cancer Screening Behaviors Among Southeastern African American Men

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988308318686 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 214-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Cheryl L. Holt ◽

Theresa A. Wynn ◽

Jasmine Darrington

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

African American ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

African American Men ◽

Prostate Cancer Screening ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Digital Rectal Examination ◽

Religious Involvement ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Religious Behaviors

This study examined the relationship between religious involvement and prostate cancer screening behavior among a probability sample of 199 African American men. Religious involvement was assessed by telephone via a multidimensional instrument. Engaging in religious behaviors was predictive of reporting a digital rectal examination (DRE) within the past year. Religious beliefs and behaviors were predictive of behavioral intention for DRE in the next 6 months. Religious behaviors were predictive of reporting an appointment for a DRE in the next 6 months. All analyses were controlled for age, education, and marital status. None of the predictions were significant for prostate-specific antigen testing. Understanding the role of religious involvement in cancer beliefs and screening is important. Such knowledge can inform educational interventions for this group, which is disproportionately affected by prostate cancer.

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Occupation as a predictor of prostate cancer screening behaviour in Canada

Journal of Medical Screening ◽

10.1177/0969141320902485 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 215-222

Author(s):

Cheryl E Peters ◽

Paul J Villeneuve ◽

Marie-Élise Parent

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Prostate Specific Antigen ◽

Prostate Cancer Screening ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Digital Rectal Examination ◽

Antigen Test ◽

Screening Practices ◽

Rectal Examination ◽

Prostate Specific Antigen Test

Objectives If prostate cancer screening practices relate to occupation, this would have important implications when studying the aetiological role of workplace exposures on prostate cancer. We identified variations in screening by occupation among men in Montreal, Canada (2005–2012). Methods Prostate specific antigen testing and digital rectal examination (ever-screened and frequency of screening, previous five years) were examined among population controls from the Prostate Cancer & Environment Study. Face-to-face interviews elicited lifestyle and occupational histories. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of ever-screening for the longest-held occupation, adjusting for potential confounders. Negative binomial models were used to examine relationships with screening frequency. Results Among 1989 controls, 81% reported ever having had a prostate specific antigen test, and 77% a digital rectal examination. Approximately 40% of men reported having a prostate specific antigen test once a year, on average. Compared with those in management or administrative jobs, men in primary industry (odds ratio 0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.10–0.65), construction (0.44, 0.25–0.79), machining (0.45, 0.21–0.97), and teaching (0.37, 0.20–0.70) were less likely to have undergone prostate specific antigen screening. Results were similar when considering the most recent job. Conclusions Our findings highlight substantial variations in prostate cancer screening by occupation. Men in occupations where carcinogen exposures are more common are less likely to participate in prostate screening activities. This could be an important source of bias, and occupational studies of prostate cancer should account for screening practices.

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Randomised Trial of Prostate Cancer Screening in the Netherlands: Assessment of Acceptance and Motives for Attendance

Journal of Medical Screening ◽

10.1177/096914139700400207 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 102-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

H G T Nijs ◽

D M R Tordoir ◽

J H Schuurman ◽

W J Kirkels ◽

F H Schroder

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Prostate Specific Antigen ◽

Prostate Cancer Screening ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Transrectal Ultrasound ◽

Digital Rectal Examination ◽

Population Based ◽

Personal Benefit ◽

Screening Procedures

Abstract Objectives— To assess motives for attending a randomised population based prostate cancer screening trial, and to assess acceptance of screening and invitation procedures. Methods— First pilot of the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC; 1992/1993). Men aged 55–75 years, randomly selected from the population register of four city districts of Rotterdam, were invited by a single invitation for screening. Screening consisted of prostate specific antigen prescreening followed by either (1) digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasound, and, on indication, biopsy, or (2) no additional screening. After screening, or in the case of non-attendance, a questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 600 attenders and 400 non-attenders, with a reminder after three weeks. Outcome measures— In both attenders and non-attenders: Knowledge of prostate cancer, attitudes towards screening, motives for attending, procedural aspects and sociodemographic characteristics. In attenders, acceptance of screening procedures. Results— The response rate for the questionnaire was 76%: 94% in attenders and 42% in non-attenders. The main reasons for attending were expected personal benefit (76%) and scientific value (39%), and those for not attending were the absence of urological complaints (41%) and anticipated pain or discomfort (24%). Uptake of screening was 32%, which increased to a sustained 42% in following years. Attenders, compared with non-attenders, were significantly younger, more often married, better educated, and had higher perceived health status, more knowledge about prostate cancer, and a more positive attitude towards screening. Information materials and invitation procedure were adequate. Screening procedures were well accepted (high report marks and satisfaction, and 95% would attend for rescreening). A single prostate specific antigen determination was liked less than a combination of all three screening modalities. Conclusions— (1) The main reasons for attending are personal benefit and science, and those for not attending were absence of urological complaints and anticipated pain or discomfort; (2) knowledge, attitudes, and motives for attending are comparable with other screening programmes; hence, for population based prostate cancer screening, known health promotional aspects should be carefully considered; (3) prostate specific antigen, digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound are acceptable to attenders.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Decline in prostate cancer screening by primary care physicians: an analysis of trends in the use of digital rectal examination and prostate specific antigen testing.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726275710.793523340 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Polascik ◽

Ariel Schulman

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Primary Care ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Prostate Specific Antigen ◽

Primary Care Physicians ◽

Prostate Cancer Screening ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Digital Rectal Examination ◽

Prostate Specific Antigen Testing ◽

Antigen Testing

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Body Mass Index, Prostate-Specific Antigen, and Digital Rectal Examination Findings Among Participants in a Prostate Cancer Screening Clinic

Urology ◽

10.1016/j.urology.2007.11.036 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 787-791 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Marva M. Price ◽

Robert J. Hamilton ◽

Cary N. Robertson ◽

Maureen C. Butts ◽

Stephen J. Freedland

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Prostate Specific Antigen ◽

Body Mass ◽

Prostate Cancer Screening ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Digital Rectal Examination ◽

Rectal Examination ◽

Screening Clinic

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Prostate–Specific Antigen (PSA) Value Change after Antibacterial Therapy of Prostate Inflammation, as a Diagnostic Method for Prostate Cancer Screening in Cases of PSA Value within 4–10 ng/ml and Nonsuspicious Results of Digital Rectal Examination

European Urology ◽

10.1159/000052500 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 538-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Guram Karazanashvili ◽

Laurent Managadze

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Antibacterial Therapy ◽

Diagnostic Method ◽

Prostate Cancer Screening ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Digital Rectal Examination ◽

Value Change ◽

Rectal Examination ◽

Prostate Inflammation

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Prostate cancer screening: Attitudes and practices of family

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.379 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 188-93

Author(s):

Christopher B. Allard ◽

Shawn Dason ◽

Janis Lusis ◽

Anil Kapoor

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Survival Benefit ◽

Prostate Cancer Screening ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Digital Rectal Examination ◽

Family Physicians ◽

Conclusive Evidence ◽

Physician Practices ◽

Attitudes And Practices

Introduction: The utility of prostate cancer screening is controversial. We sought to determine whether Ontario’s family physicians believe it is beneficial and to characterize their screening protocols.Methods: A survey was developed with input from urologists,family physicians and the Ontario Medical Association’s Sectionon General and Family Practice. Questions covered three domains: (1) demographics, (2) beliefs about screening utility and (3) screening practices. All 7302 family physicians in Ontario were invited by email to complete the online survey.Results: A total of 969 physicians completed the survey; 955(52.0% male, 48.0% female) were included. Most (80.97%) useprostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) for screening; 9.4% use DRE alone and 7.15% PSA. Of the respondents, 8.3% do not offer prostate cancer screening. Most physicians begin offering screening at age 50 (72.9%) and stop at ages 70 or 80 (68.4%); 17.9% offer lifelong screening. In response to the statement “screening with DRE provides a survival benefit,” 37.6% and 32.6 agreed and disagreed, respectively. For “screening with PSA provides a survival benefit,” 43.3% agreed and 31.0% disagreed. For the statement “the benefits of prostate cancer screening outweigh the risks,” 51.4% agreed and 22.0% disagreed.Discussion: Although 91.7% of respondents offer prostate cancer screening, they are divided over its utility. Only 51.4% were convinced that the benefits outweighed the harms. There is significant variability between physicians’ screening protocols. A limitation of study is the possibility of selection bias. Nevertheless, this is the largest sample of Ontario family physicians ever surveyed about prostate cancer screening and highlights divergent physician practices and a need for more conclusive evidence on screening utility.

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Prostate Cancer and Prostate Cancer Screening: Knowledge and Attitude Among a Semiurban Population of Nigerian Men

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.27700 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 140s-140s

Author(s):

M.C. Igbokwe ◽

A.A. Salako ◽

T. Badmus ◽

R.A. David ◽

A. Laoye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Prostate Cancer Screening ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Digital Rectal Examination ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

Nigerian Men ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

University Lecturers

Background and context: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy among men in Nigeria. Despite the high prevalence, there seems to be poor awareness on PCa and PCa screening among Nigerian men. Deficient knowledge and ignorance on PCa may account for late presentation with resultant worse outcomes in Nigerian men. Aim: To assess the knowledge and attitude of a cohort of Nigerian men toward PCa and PCa screening. Strategy/Tactics: A prospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted on cohorts of men in the Ile-Ife community of southwestern Nigeria between August 2016 and February 2017. Men across all spheres were targeted (university lecturers, artisans, religious leaders, etc.) to have representative data from men in the community. Semistructured questionnaires were used to gather information on their knowledge about PCa, as well as their attitude toward PCa screening. Health talks on PCa were given to all the respondents immediately after filling the questionnaires. Analysis of completed questionnaires was done using SPSS version 20. Program/Policy process: Prostate Cancer Screening Advocacy Program in Nigeria. Outcomes: Four hundred and fifty (450) men above 40 years of age were administered the questionnaires, out of which 428 (95.1%) questionnaires were analyzed. The mean age of the respondents was 58.5 ± SD 9.3 years. One hundred and eighteen (27.6%) of them were either university lecturers or men with tertiary education while 310 (72.4%) had lower level of education. Among the lecturers, 86 (72.9%) showed good awareness of PCa while only 26 (8.5%) men among the less educated group were as aware of PCa. Only 57 (13%) men older than 50 years had presented to the hospital for prostate specific antigen (PSA) check. Three hundred and seventy men (86.5%) were oblivious to the role of PSA in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer and were unwilling to have routine digital rectal examination (DRE). Respondents with superior knowledge of prostate cancer stated that they were more likely to routinely go for prostate cancer screening. What was learned: There is still limited knowledge of PCa and poor attitude toward PCa screening among men in our community. Health education is therefore critical as this may encourage early detection and possibly decrease disease-related mortality.

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