scholarly journals Siliceous algae response to the “Great Acceleration” of the mid-20th century in Crawford Lake (Ontario, Canada): A potential candidate for the Anthropocene GSSP

2021 ◽  
pp. 205301962110460
Author(s):  
Cale AC Gushulak ◽  
Matthew Marshall ◽  
Brian F Cumming ◽  
Brendan Llew-Williams ◽  
R Timothy Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Siliceous Algae ◽  
Great Acceleration ◽  
Crawford Lake

Diatom and chrysophyte assemblages from varved sediments of meromictic Crawford Lake, Ontario record major environmental changes resulting from spatially broadening anthropogenic environmental stressors related to the “Great Acceleration” in the mid-20th century. Biannual assessment of diatom and chrysophyte assemblages over the last ~200 years allowed for rate of change analysis between adjacent samples that increased substantially during the mid-20th century, concurrent with significant generalized additive model trends. Changes in diatom and chrysophyte assemblages were likely driven by multiple anthropogenic stressors including local forestry harvesting, agriculture, and milling activities, acidic deposition from regional industrial processes, and anthropogenic climate warming. Novel siliceous algal assemblages now exist in Crawford Lake, likely related to the complexities of the above mentioned local and regional stressors. The major assemblage changes at the proposed base of the Anthropocene Epoch detected in this study support the laminated sequence from Crawford Lake as a strong potential candidate for the Anthropocene GSSP.

Forestry of landlords of Tambov Governorate in the late 19th – early 20th century

2021 ◽  
pp. 287-295
Author(s):  
Ruslan M. Zhitin ◽  
Aleksey G. Topilsky
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Forest Lands

The features of forestry of the landowners of the Tambov Governorate at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries are analyzed. The key factors of natural (forest cover of the area), economic (first of all, the construction of railways, changes in demand for timber) and social (the need to protect plantations from the surrounding peasant population) character that influenced forestry are shown. The main ways of development are indicated, due to both economic opportunities and the desire (or unwillingness) of landowners to equip their forest lands. The methods of forestry in the northern, central and southern districts of the Tambov Governorate are analyzed, the different degree of forest cover of which was reflected in the value of forest materials for local residents. Methods of combining forestry with other types of management, in particular, grazing, which were practiced mainly in the northern districts of the Tambov Governorate, where there was an excess of forest resources, are described. The reasons for the clear-cutting of forests practiced by a number of owners, which led to serious environmental changes, are indicated. The characteristics of various types of rational nature management in forestry are given on the materials of individual estates, to which more and more landowners have turned. We describe the reasons for the development of a thrifty attitude to forest resources.

scholarly journals Rate of change analysis for interestingness measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-258
Author(s):  
Nandan Sudarsanam ◽  
Nishanth Kumar ◽  
Abhishek Sharma ◽  
Balaraman Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Interestingness Measures

Technology and Disabilities in the Century Ahead

2011 ◽  
pp. 2077-2081
Author(s):  
Ray Kurzweil
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Technology Trends ◽  
Over Time

I have been involved in inventing since I was five, and I quickly realized that for an invention to succeed, you have to target the world of the future. But what would the future be like? To find out, I became a student of technology trends and began to develop mathematical models of different technologies: computation, miniaturization, evolution over time. I have been doing that for 25 years, and it has been remarkable to me how powerful and predictive these models are. Now, before I show you some of these models and then try to build with you some of the scenarios for the future—and, in particular, focus on how these will benefit technology for the disabled—I would like to share one trend that I think is particularly profound and that many people fail to take into consideration. It is this: the rate of progress—what I call the “paradigmshift rate”—is itself accelerating. We are doubling this paradigm-shift rate every decade. The whole 20th century was not 100 years of progress as we know it today, because it has taken us a while to speed up to the current level of progress. The 20t h century represented about 20 years of progress in terms of today’s rate. And at today’s rate of change, we will achieve an amount of progress equivalent to that of the whole 20th century in 14 years, then as the acceleration continues, in 7 years. The progress in the 21st century will be about 1,000 times greater than that in the 20th century, which was no slouch in terms of change.

Sustainable Management of Bannerghatta National Park, India, with the Insights in Land Cover Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Ramachandra ◽  
Bharath Setturu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth

The ecosystem of health and natural resource management is influenced by the social, political, economic system and institutional framework in a region. Rapid economic growth in Bangalore and its environs in recent decades has resulted in environmental changes in Bannerghatta National Park (BNP) and its buffer (of 5 km). Land use land cover (LULC) change analysis with a modelling technique such as cellular automata (CA)-Markov was used for quantitatively exploring forest cover transitions. The analysis of LULC dynamics has revealed loss of vegetation cover from 85.78 per cent to 66.37 per cent (1973–2015) and severe environmental stress. The region has lost moist deciduous cover, from 26.1 per cent to 13.8 per cent, and witnessed an increase in horticulture, from 8.5 per cent to 11 per cent (1973–2015). The visualization of likely land use in 2027 indicates the loss of forest cover from 41.38 per cent to 35.59 per cent with an increase in urban area from 4.49 per cent to 9.62 per cent (with new residential and commercial layouts in the buffer zone of BNP in violation of the eco-sensitive zone norms as per Section 5(1) of Environment Protection Act 1986). The study provides insights for developing an appropriate planning framework towards conservation and the sustainable management of ecologically sensitive national parks.

Diel and Annual Cycles of Net Plankton Photosynthesis in Lake Ontario

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1779-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Static Water ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Diel Fluctuations ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration ◽  
Net Phytoplankton

Photosynthesis measurements on net plankton have been carried out for the period April, 1972 to January, 1973 in Lake Ontario. The rising and falling light regimes used on the net phytoplankton (> 64 μ) give marked photosynthetic hysteresis effects in winter and in spring for diatom-dominated populations. Diel fluctuations in photosynthesis and "sun" or "shade" adaptations showed a close interaction between the phytoplankton and the surface light intensity. Systematic seasonal changes have been recorded in the magnitude of the photosynthetic hysteresis effect, saturation light intensities, compensation points, maximum photosynthesis, and respiration rates. An inverse correlation has been found between net plankton mean maximum photosynthesis rates and the rate of change of water temperature. Also phytoplankton respiration rate is largely a function of temperature.The data have been unified to give a picture of daily photosynthesis patterns at different depths in a static water column. The data compare well with 14C moored bottle experiments. Predictive equations have been calculated for maximum photosynthesis rates at different times of the year.

scholarly journals Microbial insurgency: Theorizing global health in the Anthropocene

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Hirschfeld
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
International Health ◽  
Health Trends ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Cold War

Several recent international health crises have revealed significant vulnerabilities in global pandemic preparedness. The 2014 Ebola fever epidemic expanded into an international threat far more quickly than experts anticipated, and the 2018 Ebola fever epidemic continues to expand, even with new technological innovations designed to control the disease. The 2015 yellow fever outbreak in Angola exhausted global vaccine supplies and put millions of people at risk. This article argues that global health authorities failed to anticipate the magnitude of these outbreaks because the field has not been updated to address the ways recent changes in international political economy are combining with environmental instabilities of the Anthropocene to increase epidemiological risks. Many public health textbooks and teaching materials continue to rely on variants of 20th-century modernization theory to explain and predict global health trends. Since the end of the Cold War, however, there has been a dramatic reconfiguration of governance in many parts of the world, and these macro-level changes are accelerating ecological destruction and fueling armed conflict in ways that will reduce the range and effectiveness of public health methods and prevention technologies that were successful during the 20th century. The combined effect of these institutional and environmental changes will increase global pandemic risks in the Anthropocene, even for infectious diseases that are easily preventable today.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document