scholarly journals The implicit soul: Factors between the representation of death and dehumanization of patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 205510291985466
Author(s):  
Aurelio Castro ◽  
Ines Testoni ◽  
Adriano Zamperini ◽  
Lucia Ronconi ◽  
Laura Padmah Galantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Care Models ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

Spiritual approaches in healthcare settings proved effective in reducing the negative outcomes of dehumanization processes impacting health professionals and patients. Although previous literature focused on explicit measures of spirituality, the present research explored the role of implicit components of spirituality and their effects on the humanization of patients in two healthcare contexts. Professionals from hospices and nursing homes completed an implicit task to assess whether the diverse representation of death as physical or spiritual led to perceive patients with more uniquely human traits. Results showed that only for hospice participants, implicit and explicit spirituality predicts more humanness attribution to patients. This article discusses palliative care models and death education as a resource for reducing dehumanization.

Where Patients With Cancer Die: A Population-Based Study, 1990 to 2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. Hunt ◽  
Katina D’Onise ◽  
Anh-Minh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Kamalesh Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Place Of Death ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Metropolitan Hospital ◽  
Care Models ◽  
At Home

Aims:To describe changes in the place of death of patients with cancer from 1990 to 2012, and to identify issues for their end-of-life care.Materials and Methods:Population-based descriptive study, with analyses of place of death patterns, using the South Australian Cancer Registry records of 86 257 patients with cancer who died from 1990 to 2012.Results:From 1990 to 2012, the proportion of cancer deaths in hospital decreased from 63.4% to 50.9%, and in nursing homes increased from 8.2% to 22.5%. After the year 2000, the proportions in hospices and at home were both below 15%. Multivariate analyses showed that young patients with cancer were more likely to die in a hospice or at home, compared to elderly patients with cancer who were more likely to die in a nursing home; the likelihood of dying in a hospice increased with socioeconomic status; patients with a short survival time or a hematological malignancy were more likely to die in a metropolitan hospital.Conclusions:Compared to most other countries, the proportion of cancer deaths at home was low, and many patients would not have died at their preferred place. The trend for more cancer deaths to occur in nursing homes is likely to continue, but nursing homes generally lack the resources and skilled staff to provide quality palliative care. Models of palliative care delivery should take account of patient preferences, the growth of terminal cancer care in nursing homes, and apparent inequities.

Implicit and explicit measures of the sensory and hedonic analysis of beer: The role of tasting expertise

2021 ◽  
pp. 110873
Author(s):  
Irene Hinojosa-Aguayo ◽  
David Garcia-Burgos ◽  
Andrés Catena ◽  
Felisa González
Keyword(s):  
Hedonic Analysis ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

scholarly journals Predicting Contamination Aversion Using Implicit and Explicit Measures of Disgust and Threat Overestimation

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Rouel ◽  
Richard J. Stevenson ◽  
Evelyn Smith
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Implicit Processes ◽  
Contamination Fear ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

Explicit measures of disgust and threat overestimation have consistently been found to be involved in contamination aversion. However, evidence of the involvement of these factors at the implicit level is mixed, and the role of both responses has not been looked at concurrently. This study aimed to compare the ability of implicit and explicit measures of disgust and threat overestimation to predict contamination aversion and whether this depends on the type of contaminant. Sixty-five participants completed explicit and implicit measures of disgust and threat overestimation, as well as several measures of contamination aversion, including obsessive-compulsive tendencies, and contamination fear and avoidance of contaminants directly associated with disease (direct contaminants) and harmful substances (harm contaminants). It was found that both explicit disgust and explicit threat overestimation predicted contamination-fear obsessive-compulsive tendencies. Explicit disgust predicted contamination fear and avoidance of direct contaminants, whereas explicit threat overestimation predicted contamination fear and avoidance of harm contaminants. The involvement of implicit processes was weak, with some suggestion of difficulty disengaging predicting avoidance of contaminants. Implications for understanding dysfunctional contamination aversion are discussed.

The role of the chaplain in palliative care

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Handzo ◽  
Christina Puchalski
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Spiritual Care ◽  
Model Of Care ◽  
Care Specialist ◽  
Palliative Care Teams ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Care Models ◽  
Spiritual Issues

Spirituality has been shown to be a key factor in how people understand illness and how they cope with suffering. It is especially important for people who have serious or chronic illness. Standards for palliative care include spiritual care as a required domain of palliative care. Models and recommendations have been developed to facilitate interprofessional spiritual care where all members of the team attend to the spiritual issues of patients with the professional chaplain being the expert in spiritual care in a generalist specialist model of care. Palliative care teams should have a professional chaplain with training in palliative care assigned. This chaplain functions as the spiritual care lead and the spiritual care specialist on the team.

A facilitated approach to family case conferencing for people with advanced dementia living in nursing homes: perceptions of palliative care planning coordinators and other health professionals in the IDEAL study

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1713-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Luckett ◽  
Lynnette Chenoweth ◽  
Jane Phillips ◽  
Deborah Brooks ◽  
Janet Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Care Planning ◽  
Advanced Dementia ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Case Conferences ◽  
Family Case

ABSTRACTBackground:Palliative care for nursing home residents with advanced dementia is often sub-optimal due to poor communication and limited care planning. In a cluster randomized controlled trial, registered nurses (RNs) from 10 nursing homes were trained and funded to work as Palliative Care Planning Coordinators (PCPCs) to organize family case conferences and mentor staff. This qualitative sub-study aimed to explore PCPC and health professional perceptions of the benefits of facilitated case conferencing and identify factors influencing implementation.Method:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the RNs in the PCPC role, other members of nursing home staff, and physicians who participated in case conferences. Analysis was conducted by two researchers using a thematic framework approach.Results:Interviews were conducted with 11 PCPCs, 18 other nurses, eight allied health workers, and three physicians. Perceived benefits of facilitated case conferencing included better communication between staff and families, greater multi-disciplinary involvement in case conferences and care planning, and improved staff attitudes and capabilities for dementia palliative care. Key factors influencing implementation included: staffing levels and time; support from management, staff and physicians; and positive family feedback.Conclusion:The facilitated approach explored in this study addressed known barriers to case conferencing. However, current business models in the sector make it difficult for case conferencing to receive the required levels of nursing qualification, training, and time. A collaborative nursing home culture and ongoing relationships with health professionals are also prerequisites for success. Further studies should document resident and family perceptions to harness consumer advocacy.

scholarly journals Harmful Attributions: The Role of Mind Perception

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 788-809
Author(s):  
Caroline Silva ◽  
Chia-Jung Tsay
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Accidental Injury ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Target Individual ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

Introduction: Drawing from literature in social and clinical psychology, we explore mechanisms associated with the lack of empathy for people who engage in self-injurious behaviors. Methods: Using implicit and explicit measures across three samples, we tested whether knowledge of prior self-injury impacts observers' empathy, perceived agency, perspective taking, and willingness to help a target individual. Results: We found in Studies 1-2 that observers report decreased empathy, perceive less agency, and make more dispositional attributions toward a person who engages in deliberate self-injury, compared to accidental injury. Study 3 indicates that observers perceive a target who engaged in deliberate self-injury to have lower agency. Furthermore, when evaluating a target who has been victimized, observers report less empathy, compassion, and likelihood of helping if the target has a history of deliberate self-injury. Perceived agency accounted for decreased empathy, whereas empathy accounted for lower likelihood of helping. Discussion: Our findings imply that observers may be better able to empathize with people with a history of self-injury if they focus on the agency of the indi-vidual and situational causal explanations for the behavior.

Anorexia and Cachexia

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Schack ◽  
Dorothy Wholihan
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Knowledge Deficits ◽  
Cachexia Syndrome

Anorexia/cachexia syndrome (ACS) is being progressively recognized as a serious aspect of advanced or terminal illness. This chapter focuses on its management, which is complicated by numerous obstacles. These include a lack of clear definitions and guidelines, inconsistency in assessment and management strategies, and knowledge deficits regarding this complex clinical syndrome in health professionals and caregiving families. This chapter highlights this challenge, compounded by the interwoven emotional symbolism of food and nurturance. It focuses on the inherent role of palliative care providers as leaders striving to support, understand, and translate the developing evidence that guides our care. The complex and potentially devastating impact of this problem demands a holistic response. Palliative care nurses are optimally situated to coordinate and administer the necessary multidisciplinary approach to address anorexia and cachexia in advanced, progressive disease.

The Role of Colour in Implicit and Explicit Memory Performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Vernon ◽  
Toby J. Lloyd-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Object Representations ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Object Decision ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Memory ◽  
Recognition Efficiency ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

We present two experiments that examine the effects of colour transformation between study and test (from black and white to colour and vice versa, or from incorrectly coloured to correctly coloured and vice versa) on implicit and explicit measures of memory for diagnostically coloured natural objects (e.g., yellow banana). For naming and coloured-object decision (i.e., deciding whether an object is correctly coloured), there were shorter response times to correctly coloured-objects than to black-and-white and incorrectly coloured-objects. Repetition priming was equivalent for the different stimulus types. Colour transformation did not influence priming of picture naming, but for coloured-object decision priming was evident only for objects remaining the same from study to test. This was the case for both naming and coloured-object decision as study tasks. When participants were asked to consciously recognize objects that they had named or made coloured-object decisions to previously, whilst ignoring their colour, colour transformation reduced recognition efficiency. We discuss these results in terms of the flexibility of object representations that mediate priming and recognition.

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