Associations Between Shyness and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems During Emerging Adulthood in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Nelson ◽  
Chien-Ti Lee ◽  
Xin xing Duan
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Indirect Effects of Social Support on Psychological Health Through Self-Esteem in Emerging Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (17) ◽  
pp. 2439-2455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Szkody ◽  
Cliff McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Received Social Support ◽  
Social Constructivist Theory ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Social constructivist theory suggests that social support affects internalizing and externalizing problems by improving self-esteem. The differential impact of these variables has not been fully explored between male and female genders. The current study examined how different sources of received or perceived social support from mother, father, or a close friend affect internalizing and externalizing problems as explained by self-esteem in emerging adulthood. Emerging adults attending college ( N = 854, ages 18-25 years) were recruited to complete survey measures. For both genders, the perception of friend support was indirectly related to internalizing and externalizing problems through self-esteem. Received social support from fathers indirectly effected internalizing and externalizing problems in females through self-esteem but not males. Interventions during emerging adulthood aimed at increasing perception of support from friends may directly and indirectly benefit females in college. Further results, implications, and limitations of the study are discussed.

scholarly journals Early childhood internalizing problems, externalizing problems and their co-occurrence and (mal)adaptive functioning in emerging adulthood: a 16-year follow-up study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
İldeniz B. Arslan ◽  
Nicole Lucassen ◽  
Pol A. C. van Lier ◽  
Amaranta D. de Haan ◽  
Peter Prinzie
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Abstract Purpose A vast amount of studies suggest that internalizing or externalizing problems are related to individual functioning, and often co-occur. Yet, a focus on their additive and interactive effects is scarce. Furthermore, most research has focused on a limited number of developmental domains and mostly on maladaptive functioning. Therefore, the current prospective study examined whether early childhood (ages 4–8) internalizing and externalizing problems and their interaction were related to a broad range of (mal)adaptive functioning outcomes in emerging adulthood (ages 20–24). Methods Data from the Flemish Study on Parenting, Personality and Development were used. At Time 1 (1999) mothers of 374 children (45% boys) and fathers of 357 children (46% boys) rated internalizing and externalizing problems through the Child Behavior Checklist. Outcomes in emerging adulthood were measured through self-reports 16 years later across the following domains: psychological functioning, social functioning, work, physical health, and self-concept. Results Early externalizing problems were related to maladaptive outcomes on the psychological and social domains. With regard to adaptive functioning, externalizing problems were associated with lower satisfaction regarding general health on the physical domain. Early internalizing problems were not associated with any emerging adulthood outcomes. The interaction of (father reported) internalizing and externalizing problems was related to aggressive behavior. Conclusion Early childhood externalizing problems were associated with maladaptive and adaptive functioning over a time span of 16 years. The results add to studies on the implementation of prevention and intervention programs in early childhood and to the value for developing personalized interventions.

The trajectories of child’s internalizing and externalizing problems, social competence and adolescent self-reported problems in a Finnish normal population sample

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Korhonen ◽  
Ilona Luoma ◽  
Raili K. Salmelin ◽  
Mika Helminen ◽  
Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
School Psychologists ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
High Level ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Group-based modeling techniques are increasingly used in developmental studies to explore the patterns and co-occurrence of internalizing and externalizing problems. Social competence has been found to reciprocally influence internalizing and externalizing problems, but studies on its associations with different patterns of these problems are scarce. Using data from a Finnish longitudinal normal population sample, trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems were formed using the Child Behavior Checklist completed by the mother at the child’s age of 4- to 5-years-old, 8- to 9-years-old, and 16- to 17-years-old ( N = 261). The results indicate that adolescent’s self-reported internalizing and externalizing problems based on the Youth Self Report were associated with the trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems. Social competence both in early childhood and in adolescence was poorer among children with chronic internalizing problems and among those with adolescent-onset externalizing problems. One-third of the children who had a chronically high level of internalizing problems had an initially high but decreasing level of externalizing problems, while 33% of the adolescents with adolescent-onset externalizing problems had a chronically high level of internalizing problems. School psychologists are encouraged to screen for internalizing problems from children with behavioral, academic or social problems.

scholarly journals Associations of Family Functioning and Social Support With Psychopathology in Children of Mentally Ill Parents: Multilevel Analyses From Different Rating Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlit Sell ◽  
Claus Barkmann ◽  
Bonnie Adema ◽  
Anne Daubmann ◽  
Reinhold Kilian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Mentally Ill Parents

Offspring of mentally ill parents is at heightened risk for psychological symptoms. The identification of environmental factors that predict their mental health is crucial for the development of preventive and therapeutic measures. In the current study, we addressed the combined role of family functioning and social support by taking mentally ill patients’, their partners’, and children’s perspectives into account. The cross-sectional sample included n=195 families (195 patients, 127 partners, and 295 children). Family members completed questionnaires related to family functioning, social support as well as parental and child psychopathology. We conducted multilevel analyses to investigate the associations with internalizing and externalizing problems in children. Family functioning and social support were significantly associated with child internalizing and externalizing problems. However, results varied depending on the rating perspective. We found significant interaction effects of family functioning and social support on child psychopathology. The findings point to the importance of family functioning and social support as potential targets for interventions. Findings should be replicated in future longitudinal studies.

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