scholarly journals Negative Urgency Is Correlated With the Use of Reflexive and Disengagement Emotion Regulation Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. King ◽  
Madison C. Feil ◽  
Max A. Halvorson
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Urgency ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Ema Data

Negative urgency predicts both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Although it is hypothesized that urgency is characterized by reflexive responses to negative emotion that focus on immediate relief from distress, little research has addressed this hypothesis. Using data from four independent samples of adolescents and college students ( n = 1,268), we estimated the association between trait negative urgency and emotion regulation strategies that reflect either reflexive responses or disengagement. We verified these effects in two ecological momentary assessment samples (EMA; n = 198). In retrospective data, negative urgency was correlated with using more disengagement or reflexive emotion regulation strategies relative to engagement strategies, r = .39, .38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.30, 0.49], [0.18, 0.57]. This finding replicated in EMA data, r = .24, 95% CI = [0.11, 0.38]. Emotion regulation may be a key mechanism of the effects of urgency on psychopathology. Interventions targeting emotion regulation among those high on urgency may be warranted.

scholarly journals Negative urgency is correlated with the use of reflexive and disengagement emotion regulation strategies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Michael King ◽  
Madison C. Feil ◽  
Max Andrew Halvorson
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Urgency ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Ema Data

Negative urgency predicts both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Although it is hypothesized that urgency is characterized by reflexive responses to negative emotion that focus on immediate relief from distress, little research has addressed this hypothesis. Using data from four independent samples of adolescents and college students (n=1,268), we estimated the association between trait negative urgency and emotion regulation strategies that reflect either reflexive responses or disengagement. We verified these effects in two samples ecological momentary assessments (EMA) (n=198). In retrospective data, negative urgency was correlated with using more disengagement or reflexive emotion regulation strategies relative to engagement strategies (r=.39; .38, 95% CI =0.30–0.49; 0.18–0.57). This finding replicated in EMA data (r=.24, 95% CI =0.11–0.38). Emotion regulation may be a key mechanism of the effects of urgency on psychopathology. Interventions targeting emotion regulation among those high on urgency may be warranted.

Mathematically Modeling Emotion Regulation Abnormalities During Psychotic Experiences in Schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Strauss ◽  
Farnaz Zamani Esfahlani ◽  
Katherine Frost Visser ◽  
Elizabeth K. Dickinson ◽  
June Gruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Stochastic Dynamic ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Chain Analysis ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Ema Data

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to examine emotional reactivity and regulation abnormalities during the presence and absence of psychosis. Participants included 28 outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ) who completed 6 days of EMA. Mathematical models were applied to the EMA data to evaluate stochastic dynamic changes in emotional state and determine how the presence of psychosis influenced the interaction between emotional reactivity and regulation processes across time. Markov chain analysis indicated that although SZ tried to implement emotion regulation strategies frequently during psychotic experiences, those attempts were ineffective at reducing negative emotion from one time point to the next. Network analysis indicated that patients who were less effective at regulating their emotions during psychotic experiences had more dense connections among individual emotions. Findings indicate that psychotic experiences are associated with abnormally strong connections among discrete emotional states that are difficult to regulate despite efforts to do so.

scholarly journals More (of the right strategies) is better: Disaggregating the naturalistic between- and within-person structure and effects of emotion regulation strategies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Southward ◽  
Jennifer S. Cheavens
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
Multilevel Factor Analysis ◽  
Emotional Outcomes ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Although people often use multiple strategies to regulate their emotions, it is unclear if using more strategies effectively changes emotional outcomes. This may be because there is no clear, data-driven structure to organise which strategies people use together, so strategies with opposing impacts are modelled together. We first conducted a multilevel factor analysis of negative- and positive-emotion regulation strategies among undergraduates (n = 92) completing ecological momentary assessment three times per day for 10 days. Solutions including 3-within/3-between factors were most interpretable. Using more between-person Adaptive Engagement strategies and within-person Adaptive Engagement, Enhancement, and Behavioural strategies predicted improved mood, whereas using more between-person Aversive Cognitive and within-person Aversive Cognitive and Disengagement strategies predicted worse mood, ps < .05. Using a greater quantity of strategies may thus promote better, or worse, emotional outcomes, depending on the class of strategies used.

Regulating emotions in two languages: How do emotion regulation strategies relate to physiological reactivity in emotional contexts?

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1106-1120
Author(s):  
Laura E Quiñones-Camacho ◽  
Emily W Shih ◽  
Scott V Savage ◽  
Covadonga Lamar Prieto ◽  
Elizabeth L Davis
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Language Context ◽  
Sympathetic Arousal

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: Differences in how people regulate their emotions have been shown across cultures. Yet, whether bilinguals regulate emotions differently based on the language they are speaking is unknown, as is whether these regulatory choices relate to their physiology. The aim of this study was to assess whether self-reported use of emotion regulation strategies that promote emotional engagement would be associated with greater sympathetic arousal while describing emotional experiences for bilinguals. Design/Methodology/Approach: 99 Spanish–English bilinguals ( M = 20.8 years; SD = 2.11; 73 women) were interviewed about times they felt sad and afraid in both Spanish and English, and described what they did to regulate those emotions. Sympathetic nervous system physiology (pre-ejection period; PEP) was assessed continuously. The within-person experimental design enabled exploration of differences in regulation and physiology that were associated with talking about negative emotions in different languages. Data and Analysis: Emotion regulation strategies that indexed emotional engagement (e.g. cognitive reappraisal) were reliably coded from participant interviews. PEP reactivity was calculated as the change from a resting baseline to each language context. We used hierarchical linear regressions to test our hypotheses. Findings/Conclusions: We found that using fewer engagement strategies was associated with decreased sympathetic arousal, but only for people who were more physiologically aroused when at rest and only when participants were speaking English. Originality: This study is the first to show that bilinguals’ emotion regulatory attempts have different consequences across languages, highlighting how emotional processing is colored by cultural-linguistic lenses. Significance/Implications: These findings align with growing evidence that bilinguals’ physiological reactions to emotional events depend on the language context. Knowledge generated by this investigation contributes to our understanding of cross-cultural differences in people’s physiological arousal and emotional processing by highlighting these patterns among the understudied population of bilingual speakers.

Differentiate to Regulate: Low Negative Emotion Differentiation Is Associated With Ineffective Use but Not Selection of Emotion-Regulation Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise K. Kalokerinos ◽  
Yasemin Erbas ◽  
Eva Ceulemans ◽  
Peter Kuppens
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Emotion Differentiation ◽  
Sampling Studies ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Selection Of

Emotion differentiation, which involves experiencing and labeling emotions in a granular way, has been linked with well-being. It has been theorized that differentiating between emotions facilitates effective emotion regulation, but this link has yet to be comprehensively tested. In two experience-sampling studies, we examined how negative emotion differentiation was related to (a) the selection of emotion-regulation strategies and (b) the effectiveness of these strategies in downregulating negative emotion ( Ns = 200 and 101 participants and 34,660 and 6,282 measurements, respectively). Unexpectedly, we found few relationships between differentiation and the selection of putatively adaptive or maladaptive strategies. Instead, we found interactions between differentiation and strategies in predicting negative emotion. Among low differentiators, all strategies (Study 1) and four of six strategies (Study 2) were more strongly associated with increased negative emotion than they were among high differentiators. This suggests that low differentiation may hinder successful emotion regulation, which in turn supports the idea that effective regulation may underlie differentiation benefits.

scholarly journals Emotions as Context: Do the Naturalistic Effects of Emotion Regulation Strategies Depend on the Regulated Emotion?

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Southward ◽  
Jane E. Heiy ◽  
Jennifer S. Cheavens
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Other Blame ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Introduction: Researchers have examined how several contexts impact the effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies. However, few have considered the emotion-to-be-regulated as a context of interest. Specific emotions are important contexts because they may require particular responses to internal and external stimuli for optimal regulation. Method: Ninety-two undergraduates completed 10 days of ecological momentary assessment, reporting their current mood, recent emotions, and emotion regulation strategies three times per day. Results: The frequency with which certain emotion regulation strategies were used (i.e., acceptance, positive refocusing, reappraisal, problem-solving, and other-blame) differed by the specific emotion experienced. Acceptance and positive refocusing were associated with better mood regardless of emotion, while substance use was associated with worse mood regardless of emotion. Reappraisal was associated with better mood in response to anger than anxiety or sadness, while emotional suppression and other-blame were associated with worse mood in response to anger. Discussion: These results suggest some emotion regulation strategies exhibit emotion-invariant effects while others depend on the emotion-to-be-regulated.

Positive and Negative Emotion Goals in Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Yael Millgram ◽  
Maya Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Some forms of psychopathology involve deficits in emotion regulation. Whereas prior research has focused on identifying maladaptive emotion regulation strategies among people who are diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, this research focuses on identifying maladaptive emotion regulation goals. This chapter discusses preferences for sadness and happiness in clinical depression, a disorder characterized by the prevalence of negative emotions and the paucity of positive emotions. The chapter reviews empirical evidence suggesting that depressed individuals are more likely to direct emotion regulation toward increasing negative emotions rather than decreasing them. Next explored are possible maladaptive emotion regulation goals in other psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder. Finally discussed are the implications of these new ideas for research and practice in psychopathology.

scholarly journals Emotional Dysregulation Symptoms Based on Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward and Intensity Mediated by Emotion Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Mitra Aghajani ◽  
◽  
Mahshid Izadi ◽  
Noorali Farrokhi ◽  
Fariba Hassani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment ◽  
High Comorbidity

Objective: The emotion dysregulation model by Mennin and Fresco considers the high comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder and pays special attention to their comorbidity. Additionally, due to the high comorbidity of social anxiety disorder as well as anxiety and mood disorders, this disorder was considered along with the last two disorders. This study aimed to assess a Conceptual Model of Emotional Dysregulation Symptoms Based on Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward and Intensity of Positive and Negative Emotions Mediated by Emotion Regulation Strategies in Students. Methods: In total, 189 students affiliated with the Sharif University were selected by random sampling method. Then, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM), the Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Attention Control Scale (ATTC), the Experiences Questionnaire (EQ), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and the Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire (RPA) were distributed among them to collect the necessary data. The obtained data were analyzed by LISREL using structural equation modeling. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient data indicated a significant relationship between motivation components, positive and negative emotion regulation strategies, and the symptoms of emotion dysregulation. The results showed that the conceptual model of the research fitted with the collected data; accordingly, the positive and negative strategies of emotion regulation mediated the relationship between motivation and the symptoms of emotion dysregulation. Conclusion: The present research results supported the main hypothesis of the study. Thus, positive and negative emotion regulation strategies mediated the relationship between sensitivity to punishment and reward and the intensity of positive and negative emotion with the symptoms of emotion dysregulation.

scholarly journals Understanding Nonnative University EFL Teachers’ Professional Anxiety and Their Emotion Regulation Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Bo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
English Language ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Academic Promotion ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Based on an in-depth semi-structured interview method, this study explored sources of nonnative university English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ professional anxiety and relevant emotion regulation strategies in a Chinese context. Participants mostly suffered from academic promotion anxiety, followed by research anxiety, teaching anxiety, and anxiety about English language proficiency and knowledge. To overcome this negative emotion, participants adopted two families of emotion modifications: response-focused regulation strategies including coping, expressive suppression, and communication, as well as antecedent-focused regulation strategies comprising cognitive reappraisal and distraction, with the former outweighing the latter. Findings revealed the complexity of nonnative university EFL teachers’ professional anxiety and cultural differences in emotion regulation strategies.

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