Positive and Negative Emotion Goals in Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Yael Millgram ◽  
Maya Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Some forms of psychopathology involve deficits in emotion regulation. Whereas prior research has focused on identifying maladaptive emotion regulation strategies among people who are diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, this research focuses on identifying maladaptive emotion regulation goals. This chapter discusses preferences for sadness and happiness in clinical depression, a disorder characterized by the prevalence of negative emotions and the paucity of positive emotions. The chapter reviews empirical evidence suggesting that depressed individuals are more likely to direct emotion regulation toward increasing negative emotions rather than decreasing them. Next explored are possible maladaptive emotion regulation goals in other psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder. Finally discussed are the implications of these new ideas for research and practice in psychopathology.

scholarly journals Feel, think, teach – Emotional Underpinnings of Approaches to Teaching in Higher Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kordts-Freudinger
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Approaches To Teaching ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
Oriented Approach

The paper investigates relations between higher education teachers’ approaches to teaching and their emotions during teaching, as well as their emotion regulation strategies. Based on the assumption that the approaches hinge on emotional experiences with higher education teaching and learning, three studies assessed teachers’ emotions, their emotion regulation strategies and their approaches to teaching with questionnaires. Study 1, with n = 145 German university teachers and teaching assistants, found relations between positive emotions and the student-oriented approach to teaching, but not with negative emotions. In addition, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression were related to the student-oriented approach. Study 2, with n = 198 German teachers, replicated these findings and, in addition, found relations between perspective taking, empathic concern and personal distress, and the student-oriented approach. Study 3, with n = 76 Australian and New Zealand teachers, again replicated and extended the findings by establishing a relation between negative emotions and the content-oriented approach to teaching. The results of all studies together indicate a significant emotional component of the approaches to teaching. Positive emotions are not only directly related to the student-oriented approach, but also partially mediate the relation between cognitive reappraisal and the student-oriented approach. This link seems to generalize to emotional components of empathy. In addition, the cultural-educational context seems to moderate the relations between negative emotions and the content-oriented approach to teaching. Limitations and directions for future research and educational practice are discussed.

The Influence of Daily Events on Emotion Regulation and Well-Being in Daily Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722098088
Author(s):  
David B. Newman ◽  
John B. Nezlek
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Total N ◽  
Daily Events ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

We examined within-person relationships among daily events, emotion regulation strategies, and well-being in daily life. Each day for 2 to 3 weeks, participants in two studies (total N = 445) reported the extent to which they reappraised and suppressed their positive and negative emotions, the types of events they experienced, and their well-being. Using multilevel modeling, we found that the extent to which people reappraised positive and negative emotions and suppressed negative emotions was positively related to the number/importance of daily positive events, whereas the suppression of positive emotions was negatively related. Furthermore, the positive relationships between well-being and reappraisal of positive and negative emotions and the suppression of negative emotions were stronger as the number of negative events increased. These results demonstrate that most emotion regulation strategies are employed when the day is going well but are most beneficial for people’s well-being when the day is not going well.

scholarly journals Do cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression mediate the effect of emotion motives on mood outcomes?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joanna Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Subjective Happiness ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Regulation Strategies

<p>The present investigation was designed to assess whether the emotion regulation strategies of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal would mediate the relationships between emotion motives (trying to experience and trying to avoid experiencing positive and negative emotions) and mood outcomes (subjective happiness and depressive symptoms). A sample of 257 first-year psychology students completed questionnaires on emotion regulation and levels of subjective happiness and depressive symptom levels in a concurrent study. As predicted, trying to experience positive emotions positively predicted use of cognitive reappraisal, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of subjective happiness and lower levels of depressive symptoms and trying to avoid experiencing negative emotions positively predicted use of expressive suppression, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of subjective happiness. In one other mediational pathway, the motive of trying to experience negative emotions positively predicted use of expressive suppression, which was associated with lower levels of subjective happiness and greater levels of depressive symptoms. These results add to the existing emotion regulation research literature by shedding light on what motivates the use of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. In sum, individuals’ hedonic motives encouraged adaptive emotion regulation efforts, whereas, individuals’ contra-hedonic motives encouraged the use of maladaptive emotion regulation efforts. These findings will be of assistance to clinicians in the development of interventions to improve emotion regulation problems in clients.</p>

scholarly journals Stress, Emotion Regulation, and Well-Being among Canadian Faculty Members in Research-Intensive Universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Raheleh Salimzadeh ◽  
Nathan C. Hall ◽  
Alenoush Saroyan
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Job Related Stress

Existing research reveals the academic profession to be stressful and emotion-laden. Recent evidence further shows job-related stress and emotion regulation to impact faculty well-being and productivity. The present study recruited 414 Canadian faculty members from 13 English-speaking research-intensive universities. We examined the associations between perceived stressors, emotion regulation strategies, including reappraisal, suppression, adaptive upregulation of positive emotions, maladaptive downregulation of positive emotions, as well as adaptive and maladaptive downregulation of negative emotions, and well-being outcomes (emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, quitting intentions, psychological maladjustment, and illness symptoms). Additionally, the study explored the moderating role of stress, gender, and years of experience in the link between emotion regulation and well-being as well as the interactions between adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in predicting well-being. The results revealed that cognitive reappraisal was a health-beneficial strategy, whereas suppression and maladaptive strategies for downregulating positive and negative emotions were detrimental. Strategies previously defined as adaptive for downregulating negative emotions and upregulating positive emotions did not significantly predict well-being. In contrast, strategies for downregulating negative emotions previously defined as dysfunctional showed the strongest maladaptive associations with ill health. Practical implications and directions for future research are also discussed.

Understanding Changes in Tourists’ Use of Emotion Regulation Strategies in a Vacation Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1088-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Gao ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Deborah L. Kerstetter ◽  
Stephanie Shields
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Daily Diaries ◽  
Regulation Strategies

This study examines the patterns of change in tourists’ use of emotion regulation strategies (ERSs) during a vacation, and their interactions with sociodemographic characteristics. Data were collected using an online survey and travel daily diaries. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that 152 participants exhibited significant differences in their use of five ERSs with positive emotions and two ERSs with negative emotions during their travel experience, suggesting use of ERSs varies over different stages of a vacation. In addition, some sociodemographic characteristics were found to play a significant role in explaining patterns of change in tourists’ use of ERSs with positive and negative emotions. These findings, which extend current emotion-based research in tourism, must be acknowledged by and incorporated into future research. Further, tourism professionals should account for the change in tourists’ use of ERSs during a vacation when planning travel itineraries and programs.

scholarly journals Do cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression mediate the effect of emotion motives on mood outcomes?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joanna Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Subjective Happiness ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Regulation Strategies

<p>The present investigation was designed to assess whether the emotion regulation strategies of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal would mediate the relationships between emotion motives (trying to experience and trying to avoid experiencing positive and negative emotions) and mood outcomes (subjective happiness and depressive symptoms). A sample of 257 first-year psychology students completed questionnaires on emotion regulation and levels of subjective happiness and depressive symptom levels in a concurrent study. As predicted, trying to experience positive emotions positively predicted use of cognitive reappraisal, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of subjective happiness and lower levels of depressive symptoms and trying to avoid experiencing negative emotions positively predicted use of expressive suppression, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of subjective happiness. In one other mediational pathway, the motive of trying to experience negative emotions positively predicted use of expressive suppression, which was associated with lower levels of subjective happiness and greater levels of depressive symptoms. These results add to the existing emotion regulation research literature by shedding light on what motivates the use of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. In sum, individuals’ hedonic motives encouraged adaptive emotion regulation efforts, whereas, individuals’ contra-hedonic motives encouraged the use of maladaptive emotion regulation efforts. These findings will be of assistance to clinicians in the development of interventions to improve emotion regulation problems in clients.</p>

scholarly journals Preschool children's views on emotion regulation: Functional associations and implications for social-emotional adjustment

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy A. Dennis ◽  
Deborah A. Kelemen
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Intentional Control ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Children’S Views

Previous studies show that preschool children view negative emotions as susceptible to intentional control. However, the extent of this understanding and links with child social-emotional adjustment are poorly understood. To examine this, 62 3- and 4-year-olds were presented with puppet scenarios in which characters experienced anger, sadness, and fear. Forty-seven adults were presented with a parallel questionnaire. Participants rated the degree to which six emotion-regulation strategies were effective in decreasing negative emotions. Results showed that even the youngest preschoolers viewed cognitive and behavioral distraction and repairing the situation as relatively effective; compared to adults, however, preschoolers favored relatively “ineffective” strategies such as venting and rumination. Children also showed a functional view of emotion regulation; that effective strategies depend on the emotion being regulated. All participants favored repairing a negative situation to reduce anger and behavioral distraction to reduce sadness and fear. Finally, the more children indicated that venting would reduce negative emotions, the lower their maternal report of social skills. Findings are discussed in terms of functional emotion theory and implications of emotion-regulation understanding for child adjustment.

Neural responses during down-regulation of negative emotion in patients with recently diagnosed bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hanne Lie Kjærstad ◽  
Julian Macoveanu ◽  
Gitte Moos Knudsen ◽  
Sophia Frangou ◽  
K. Luan Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Down Regulation

Abstract Background Aberrant emotion regulation has been posited as a putative endophenotype of bipolar disorder (BD). We therefore aimed to compare the neural responses during voluntary down-regulation of negative emotions in a large functional magnetic resonance imaging study of BD, patients' unaffected first-degree relatives (URs), and healthy controls (HCs). Methods We compared neural activity and fronto-limbic functional connectivity during emotion regulation in response to aversive v. neutral pictures in patients recently diagnosed with BD (n = 78) in full/partial remission, their URs (n = 35), and HCs (n = 56). Results Patients showed hypo-activity in the left dorsomedial, dorsolateral, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (DMPFC and DLPFC) during emotion regulation while viewing aversive pictures compared to HCs, with URs displaying intermediate neural activity in these regions. There were no significant differences between patients with BD and HCs in functional connectivity from the amygdala during emotion regulation. However, exploratory analysis indicated that URs displayed more negative amygdala–DMPFC coupling compared with HCs and more negative amygdala-cingulate DLPFC coupling compared to patients with BD. At a behavioral level, patients and their URs were less able to dampen negative emotions in response aversive pictures. Conclusions The findings point to deficient recruitment of prefrontal resources and more negative fronto-amygdala coupling as neural markers of impaired emotion regulation in recently diagnosed remitted patients with BD and their URs, respectively.

Differentiate to Regulate: Low Negative Emotion Differentiation Is Associated With Ineffective Use but Not Selection of Emotion-Regulation Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise K. Kalokerinos ◽  
Yasemin Erbas ◽  
Eva Ceulemans ◽  
Peter Kuppens
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Emotion Differentiation ◽  
Sampling Studies ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Selection Of

Emotion differentiation, which involves experiencing and labeling emotions in a granular way, has been linked with well-being. It has been theorized that differentiating between emotions facilitates effective emotion regulation, but this link has yet to be comprehensively tested. In two experience-sampling studies, we examined how negative emotion differentiation was related to (a) the selection of emotion-regulation strategies and (b) the effectiveness of these strategies in downregulating negative emotion ( Ns = 200 and 101 participants and 34,660 and 6,282 measurements, respectively). Unexpectedly, we found few relationships between differentiation and the selection of putatively adaptive or maladaptive strategies. Instead, we found interactions between differentiation and strategies in predicting negative emotion. Among low differentiators, all strategies (Study 1) and four of six strategies (Study 2) were more strongly associated with increased negative emotion than they were among high differentiators. This suggests that low differentiation may hinder successful emotion regulation, which in turn supports the idea that effective regulation may underlie differentiation benefits.

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