scholarly journals Uncharacteristic foreign policy behavior: Sharon’s decision to withdraw from Gaza

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baris Kesgin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Temporary Change ◽  
Leadership Trait Analysis ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Over Time

When leaders depart from their long-held, publicly known policy positions, one possible explanation is changes in their personality. This paper inquires about one example: Ariel Sharon’s withdrawal from the Gaza Strip. Middle East observers long believed that Sharon was one of the last Israelis to cede any territory to Palestinians; alas, that became the decision to mark Sharon’s reign as prime minister. The “bulldozer” decided to evacuate the homes he had built. Assuming that Gaza disengagement implied a significant reassessment of Sharon’s previously held policy preferences, this paper asks if Sharon changed. Using leadership trait analysis, the paper develops two profiles of Sharon, before and during his premiership. Sharon is then profiled in three phases during his tenure: first term, second term until the announcement of disengagement, and until the end of his tenure. In making his decision, Sharon temporarily became a complex thinker, yet did not change in his distrust or develop empathy to the Palestinians. The findings suggest that leaders can experience a fundamental but temporary change to implement radically different decisions, and confirm that leaders’ traits are stable over time.

scholarly journals RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS NO ORIENTE MÉDIO: O DIREITO INTERNACIONAL HUMANITÁRIO NO CONFLITO DA FAIXA DE GAZA/ INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST: INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW IN THE CONFLICT IN THE GAZA STRIP

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 84610-84623
Author(s):  
Eduardo Freitas Gorga ◽  
Elisa Pinheiro de Freitas ◽  
Renata Cardoso Doyle Maia ◽  
Silvana do Valle Leone ◽  
Larissa Bacelar Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
The Gaza Strip

Settlement Monitor

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
The West ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
East Jerusalem

This section covers items––reprinted articles, statistics, and maps––pertaining to Israeli settlement activities in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights. Unless otherwise stated, the items have been written by Geoffrey Aronson for this section or drawn from material written by him for Report on Israeli Settlement in the Occupied Territories (hereinafter Settlement Report), a Washington-based bimonthly newsletter published by the Foundation for Middle East Peace. JPS is grateful to the foundation for permission to draw on its material.

Between Cease-Fires in the Middle East

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
Julius Stone
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
International Law ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Washington Post ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The West ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Arab States ◽  
The Gaza Strip

The Security Council Resolution of November 22, 1967 (“the November Resolution”) will obviously be a main focus of international attention in the diplomacy following the renewed Israel-Egypt Cease-Fire of August 8, 1970. And the writer has published a study of it in “The ‘November Resolution’ and Middle East Peace: Pitfall or Guidepost”? The present study, parallel to that one, is a stocktaking for the three years or so between the Cease-Fires of 1967 and 1970, of the conduct of Israel and the Arab States, as this bears upon their obligations under international law. The detailed aspects of conduct involved will be clear enough from the headings. All of them obviously pertain either to conduct affecting the regime of cease-fire, or to conduct affecting the regime of Israel's administration of the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, Sinai and the Golan Heights.Egypt and Syria, with massive Soviet support, have more than restored their armaments virtually to pre-June 1967 levels. According to Washington Post figures of May 23, 1970, Egypt's front-line aircraft then numbered 600 (including 320 Mig 21's and Sukhai 7's) as compared with 450 immediately before, and only 100 immediately after, the Six Day War. To these, after the disclosure of actual Soviet air patrols in Egypt, it is clear that by July 1970 a further 100 Mig 21's with accompanying Soviet pilots have to be added; and the arrival of another 50 Soviet-piloted aircraft was reported to be then impending. Syria was reported by Aviation Week and Space Technology (at about the same date) to have 230 planes (including 100 Mig 21's and Sukhai 7's). That magazine estimated that the Arab States involved marshalled a total of 1230 fighter bombers (including the 100 Soviet-manned planes), and that this represented a four to one superiority over Israel's 330 aircraft which included 60 Mirage 3J's, 42 Phantoms, and 48 Skyhawks. (The London Institute of Strategic Studies estimated Israel's holdings in May as only 325, including 50 Phantoms).

Settlement Monitor

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-192
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
The West ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
East Jerusalem

This section covers items—reprinted articles, statistics, and maps—pertaining to Israeli settlement activities in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights. Unless otherwise stated, the items have been written by Geoffrey Aronson for this section or drawn from material written by him for Report on Israeli Settlement in the Occupied Territories (hereinafter Settlement Report), a Washington-based bimonthly newsletter published by the Foundation for Middle East Peace. JPS is grateful to the foundation for permission to draw on its material.

Prospects for India in 2016

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bharatiya Janata Party ◽  
The Government

Subject Prospects for India in 2016. Significance Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government has accelerated its agenda of piecemeal and sequential reform following his Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)'s defeat in the Bihar elections last month. As difficult state elections approach in the first half of 2016, the government is banking on these reforms and headline growth to secure voter and investor support. In foreign policy, the government is likely to focus on regions of strategic importance, especially Russia and the Middle East.

Imran Khan is likely to become Pakistan prime minister

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Military

Significance The Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N)’s five-year term ended on May 31. PML-N President Shehbaz Sharif faces a tough fight to become prime minister, with the main challenge set to come from Imran Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and further opposition provided by Bilawal Bhutto Zardari’s Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). Impacts With Khan as prime minister, the military would likely have free rein to pursue an anti-India foreign policy. Khan would step up his criticisms of the war in Afghanistan and likely have a difficult relationship with US President Donald Trump. Pakistan under any government will pursue balanced diplomacy in the Middle East, seeking good ties with both Saudi Arabia and Iran.

Settlement Monitor

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
The West ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
East Jerusalem

This section covers items——reprinted articles, statistics, and maps——pertaining to Israeli settlement activities in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights. Unless otherwise stated, the items have been written by Geoffrey Aronson for this section or drawn from material written by him for Report on Israeli Settlement in the Occupied Territories (hereinafter Settlement Report), a Washington-based bimonthly newsletter published by the Foundation for Middle East Peace. JPS is grateful to the foundation for permission to draw on its material.

Anti-Zionism and the Italian Extreme Right

Modern Italy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Chiarini
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Extreme Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
National Alliance ◽  
Over Time

There are few issues that better illustrate the unresolved condition of the Italian right in the postwar period (neo-fascist in identity, democratic from necessity) than that of its stance on Israel, the Jews and Zionism. In the aftermath of the fall of fascism, the right had no difficulty in combining the defence of anti-Jewishness with domestic anti-anti-fascist policies and a foreign policy that was hostile towards the ‘allies’ of 1940–1945. Yet as soon as political competition became oriented around pro- and anti-communism, the right was, over time, driven to play down the recollections of fascism and specifically its antipathy towards Israel, not to mention its anti-Zionism. The exacerbation of the Middle East problem and the right's foreign policy response to it led to a further evolution in its stance, eventually culminating in a definitive end to any ambivalence on the issue with the birth of the ‘National Alliance’. From that point onwards, anti-Zionism found support only in the utterances of neo-Nazi skinheads and the banners of rowdy fans at the ‘northern end’ of football stadia.

Settlement Monitor

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
GEOFFREY ARONSON
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Source Material ◽  
The West ◽  
Material Section ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
East Jerusalem

This section covers items——reprinted articles, statistics, and maps——pertaining to Israeli settlement activities in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights. Unless otherwise stated, the items have been written by Geoffrey Aronson for this section or drawn from material written by him for Report on Israeli Settlement in the Occupied Territories (hereinafter Settlement Report), a Washington-based bimonthly newsletter published by the Foundation for Middle East Peace. JPS is grateful to the foundation for permission to draw on its material. Major documents relating to settlements appear in the Documents and Source Material section.

SETTLEMENT MONITOR

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Source Material ◽  
The West ◽  
Material Section ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
East Jerusalem

This section covers items——reprinted articles, statistics, and maps——pertaining to Israeli settlement activities in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights. Unless otherwise stated, the items have been written by Geoffrey Aronson for this section or drawn from material written by him for Report on Israeli Settlement in the Occupied Territories (hereinafter Settlement Report), a Washington-based bimonthly newsletter published by the Foundation for Middle East Peace. JPS is grateful to the foundation for permission to draw on its material. Major documents relating to settlements appear in the Documents and Source Material section.

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