scholarly journals Application of immunoperoxidase techniques to localize horseradish peroxidase-tracer in the central nervous system.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
L L Vacca ◽  
S L Rosario ◽  
E A Zimmerman ◽  
P Tomashefsky ◽  
N G Po-Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Histochemical Methods ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Immunoperoxidase techniques are presented which can be used to localize horseradish peroxidase-tracer in paraffin-embedded tissues of the central nervous system. Compared to histochemical methods using frozen sections, these immunologic techniques allow the use of stored, serial paraffin sections, and appear more sensitive for the demonstration of intraneuronal horseradish peroxidase after retrograde transport. The immunoperoxidase bridge techniques from reaction products of high quality which can easily be seen in fine processes.

scholarly journals Acid-beta-glycerophosphatase reaction products in the central nervous system mitochondria following x-ray irradiation.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Roizin ◽  
D Orlovskaja ◽  
J C Liu ◽  
A L Carsten
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Huntington's Chorea ◽  
X Ray ◽  
System A ◽  
Chemical Lesion ◽  
The Central Nervous System

A survey of the literature to date on the enzyme histochemistry of intracellular organelles has not yielded any reference to the presence of acid phosphatase reaction products in the mammalian mitochondria of the central nervous system. A combination of Gomori's acid phosphatase mehtod, however, with standard electron microscopy has disclosed the presence of enzyme reaction products in the mitochondria of the central nervous system of rats from 2 hr to 22 weeks after x-ray irradiation, as well as in a cerebral biopsy performed on a patient affected by Huntington's chorea. No enzyme reaction products, on the other hand, were observed in serial sections that had been incubated in substrates either containing sodium fluoride or lacking in beta-glycerophosphate. The abnormal mitochondrial enzyme reaction (chemical lesion) is considered to be the consequenco of the pathologic process affecting the ultrastructural-chemical organization of the organelle.

scholarly journals Enhanced Mucosal Immunoglobulin A Response of Intranasal Adenoviral Vector Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine and Localization in the Central Nervous System

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (18) ◽  
pp. 10078-10087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Lemiale ◽  
Wing-pui Kong ◽  
Levent M. Akyürek ◽  
Xu Ling ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Recombinant Adenovirus ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Replication-defective adenovirus (ADV) vectors represent a promising potential platform for the development of a vaccine for AIDS. Although this vector is typically administered intramuscularly, it would be desirable to induce mucosal immunity by delivery through alternative routes. In this study, the immune response and biodistribution of ADV vectors delivered by different routes were evaluated. ADV vectors expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag, Pol, and Env were delivered intramuscularly or intranasally into mice. Intranasal immunization induced greater HIV-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses in mucosal secretions and sera than in animals with intramuscular injection, which showed stronger systemic cellular and IgG responses. Administration of the vaccine through an intranasal route failed to overcome prior ADV immunity. Animals exposed to ADV prior to vaccination displayed substantially reduced cellular and humoral immune responses to HIV antigens in both groups, though the reduction was greater in animals immunized intranasally. This inhibition was partially overcome by priming with a DNA expression vector expressing HIV-1 Gag, Pol, and Env before boosting with the viral vector. Biodistribution of recombinant adenovirus (rADV) vectors administered intranasally revealed infection of the central nervous system, specifically in the olfactory bulb, possibly via retrograde transport by olfactory neurons in the nasal epithelium, which may limit the utility of this route of delivery of ADV vector-based vaccines.

Intraoperative Consultation, Cytologic Preparations, and Frozen Section in the Central Nervous System

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (12) ◽  
pp. 1635-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Z. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Intraoperative Management ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Careful Assessment

Abstract Context.—Intraoperative evaluation of lesions in the central nervous system requires the correlation of clinical, radiologic, and histologic data and knowledge of clinicopathologic entities and their common locations. Advances in neuroimaging during the last 20 years have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system diseases. The diagnosis and treatment of patients have improved because of these changes and have allowed access to regions that were previously inaccessible. These new approaches have placed the pathologist in a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with central nervous system lesions. Assessment of the adequacy of the material, particularly for stereotactic biopsies, is necessary, and a combination of cytologic imprint preparations and frozen sections are often used. This review discusses many of the issues involved in intraoperative consultation and provides a simplified approach to the differential diagnosis of a variety of central nervous system lesions that may be encountered intraoperatively. Objective.—To provide guidelines for and address potential pitfalls in the intraoperative management of the central nervous system. Data Sources.—Author's experience and pertinent literature. Conclusions.—Careful assessment of the gross specimen coupled with prudent use of frozen sections and cytologic imprint preparations is pivotal to reducing intraoperative error rates and preventing needless anxiety for the patient.

A Method of Silvering the ‘Golgi Apparatus’ (Nissl Network) in Paraffin Sections of the Central Nervous System of Vertebrates

1960 ◽  
Vol s3-101 (54) ◽  
pp. 207-221
Author(s):  
G. B. DAVID ◽  
K. B. MALLION ◽  
A. W. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Interference Microscope ◽  
Tentative Hypothesis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Central Nervous System

1. It was accidentally found that methods of silvering synaptic end-feet sometimes blackened Golgi's ‘internal reticular apparatus’ in neurones of the central nervous system of the cat. 2. A method of achieving this consistently was worked out: (a) paraffin sections are coated with a collodion membrane; (b) the collodion membrane is soaked in silver nitrate; (c) the silver nitrate is reduced to metallic silver with a buffered formaldehyde solution; (d) steps (b) and (c) are repeated until the sections appear quite black; (e) the silver attached to structures other than the Golgi apparatus is removed with a ferricyanide/thiosulphate bleach; (f) the section is ‘toned’ with gold chloride, fixed in thiosulphate, and washed thoroughly; (g) the section is dehydrated, cleared, and finally mounted in Canada balsam, DPX, or similar media. Results: Golgi-apparatus, black; connective-tissue fibres, black; axons, grey to black; everything else is light grey or colourless. 3. A tentative hypothesis is advanced to explain the results obtained. 4. The following advantages are claimed for the new method: the cytoplasmic reticulum thus blackened resembles that seen in living neurones with the interference microscope; special methods of fixation are not required; the cytoplasmic reticulum of given cells can be studied before and after silvering; and serial sections of the same piece of tissue can be used for histochemical purposes.

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